Modern H1- antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: focus on bilastine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Emelyanov ◽  
Galina R. Sergeeva ◽  
Evgenia V. Leshenkova
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
H1 Antihistamines ◽  
Adults And Children

The second generation of H1-antihistamines is approved for the stepwise treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children by international and national guidelines. They reduce the severity of nasal and ocular symptoms of rhinitis and improve the quality of life of patients. Bilastine, a piperidine derivative, is a novel H1-antihistamine. It has a potent and selective effect on H1- receptors and a rapid onset and long duration of action and substantially reduces nasal and ocular symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Bilastine has no clinically substantial hepatic metabolism and has a high safety profile: it has no sedative effect, does not affect cognitive functions, has no cardiotoxic effects, and does not interact with alcohol and benzodiazepines in normal and high doses. Tachyphylaxis does not develop despite long-term (up to 1 year) use. Bilastine is registered for clinical use in adults and children aged 12 years. The results of clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that bilastine has many of the features of modern H1-antihistamines recommended by international guidelines.

Inhalational Anesthesia

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
G. Benjamin Satterlee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Volatile Agent ◽  
Inhalational Anesthesia ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Solubility Coefficient ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
Inhalational Anesthetic ◽  
Reflex Movement

Pharmacists have traditionally had little involvement with inhalational anesthetic agents. As the popularity of operating room pharmaceutical care increases, the need for the pharmacist's understanding of the uses and actions of anesthetic agents becomes necessary. This review provides an introduction to inhalational anesthesia, delivery systems, and the agents commonly used in anesthetic practice. Inhalational agents have long been used to provide general anesthesia through combined pharmacological actions. Nitrous oxide and oxygen are delivered as sole gasses or as carrier vehicles for the more potent inhalational anesthetics: halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of anesthetics is a measurement of concentrations that will prevent reflex movement in 50% of patients. A low blood/gas solubility coefficient for inhalational agents is desirable and is equated with low metabolism, rapid onset, and short duration of action. The inhalational agents are depressants to the nervous and respiratory systems and have variable effects on the cardiovascular system. Potent volatile agent induced renal toxicity may be a result of fluorine produced as a byproduct of hepatic metabolism. Newer agents favorably show lower solubility characteristics and increased physical and metabolic stability.

scholarly journals Mometasone furoate in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a complex therapeutic effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
R. S. Fassakhov ◽  
D. I. Marapov
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mometasone Furoate ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Bioavailability ◽  
Adults And Children

The review examines the role of mometasone furoate (NSMF) intranasal spray (Nasonex) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). There is a wide prevalence of AR both among children and adults, its adverse effect on the quality of life of patients. It is emphasized that the main means of therapy for moderate and severe course in accordance with international and Russian recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of AR are intranasal glucocorticosteroids (INGKS). The pharmacological features of the MF molecule that underlie its efficacy and safety, including the affinity, lipophilicity and viscosity of the drug, as well as low systemic bioavailability, are discussed in detail. The therapeutic effects of NSMF in the treatment of seasonal and perennial AR, its effect on nasal symptoms are discussed in detail. The beneficial effect of NSMF therapy on nasal congestion is emphasized separately. The beneficial effect of NSMF treatment on other clinical manifestations of AR, including ocular symptoms, effects on sleep, and olfactory function, has been noted. The safety issues of NSMF use are discussed in detail, including systemic effects, such as effects on adrenal function, eye, and growth retardation in children, and local adverse effects on the nasal mucosa; there is a high profile of local and systemic safety of long-term use of NSMF in the treatment of AR in both adults and children. 

scholarly journals Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 Alleviates Perennial Allergic Rhinitis in Japanese Adults by Suppressing Eosinophils: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3620
Author(s):  
Maya Yamashita ◽  
Masaya Miyoshi ◽  
Masayuki Iwai ◽  
Ryuji Takeda ◽  
Takahiro Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Standard Quality

This article examines the effects of fermented milk (FM) containing Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171) on the subjective symptoms of individuals with mild and moderate perennial allergy. Two hundred subjects were divided into two groups and consumed FM containing LH2171 or placebo FM once per day for 16 weeks. The primary endpoints were defined as per the degree of nasal and ocular symptoms and difficulty in daily life as determined by the Japanese guidelines for allergy rhinitis and the Japanese allergic rhinitis standard quality of life questionnaire, respectively. The secondary endpoints included parameters related to allergic symptoms in the blood and nasal fluids, as well as the mental status. The severity of allergic rhinitis significantly improved in the LH2171 group compared to that in the placebo group. Additionally, the LH2171 group showed a significantly lower degree of “stuffy nose” (as per the diary survey) than the placebo group. Eosinophil counts in the nasal fluids and in the blood were significantly lower in the LH2171 group compared to the placebo group. Thus, the oral administration of FM containing LH2171 cells alleviated perennial allergic rhinitis in individuals with mild and moderate symptoms, possibly via suppression of eosinophils in both the blood and nasal fluids.

scholarly journals Perennial allergic rhinitis in children: efficiency and safety of using «Ergocetal»

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
T.R. Umanets ◽  
◽  
V.F. Lapshyn ◽  
A.A. Rudnev ◽  
O.I. Pustovalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Positive Therapeutic Effect ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Key Words Allergic Rhinitis

Purpose — to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levocetirizine («Ergocetal») in children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). Materials and methods. 30 children aged 6–16 years with PAR were examined. All children were prescribed levocetirizine («Ergocetal») 5 mg in the form of tablets once a day for a month for the treatment of PAR. The criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment were: regression of the main nasal and ocular symptoms of PAR (rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, nasal itching, sneezing, itching and redness of the eyes) according to the visual analogue scale (VAS); dynamics of nasal eosinophilia in a smearst from the nasal mucosa. Results. The studies have shown that prescribe of levocetirizine «Ergocetal» in monotherapy for school-age children with mild and intermittent PAR had a positive therapeutic effect on nasal and ocular symptoms, as well as on the intensity of eosinophilic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Established good tolerance and the absence of side effects of «Ergotal» in the examined children. Conclusions. Therapeutic efficacy, absence of adverse reactions, high adherence to treatment make it possible to recommend levocetirizine («Ergocetal») as monotherapy for mild and intermittent PAR in school children. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of an participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: allergic rhinitis, treatment, levocetirizine.

scholarly journals Role of bilastine in allergic rhinitis: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Rachna Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Histamine Receptor ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Prolonged Duration

<p class="abstract">The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing globally, most particularly in middle to low-income countries. Allergic rhinitis and urticaria are common allergic diseases that may have a major negative impact on patient’s quality of life. Bilastine, a novel new-generation antihistamine that is highly selective for the H1 histamine receptor, has a rapid onset and prolonged duration of action. In the fasting state bilastine is quickly absorbed, but the absorption is slowed when it is taken with food or fruit juice. Therefore, it is recommended that bilastine is taken at least one hour before and no sooner than two hours after a meal. This review article describes about the role of bilastine in allergic reactions.</p>

The effectiveness of therapies perennial allergic rhinitis associated with fungi of the genus of Candida, in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
T.G. Malanicheva ◽  
◽  
N.V. Ziatdinova ◽  
L.F. Akhmadieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

scholarly journals MP-AzeFlu in Moderate-to-Severe Allergic Rhinitis: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ludger Klimek ◽  
William E. Berger ◽  
Jean Bousquet ◽  
Paul K. Keith ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Complex

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is prevalent, and many patients present with moderate-to-severe symptomatic disease. The majority of patients are not satisfied with their AR treatment, despite the use of concurrent medications. These gaps underscore the need for treatment with more effective options for moderate-to-severe AR. The authors’ objective was to review systematically the efficacy and safety of MP-AzeFlu for the treatment of AR. The primary outcomes studied were nasal, ocular, and total symptoms. Other outcomes included time to onset and of AR control, quality of life, and safety. Searches of PubMed and Cochrane databases were conducted on May 14, 2020, with no date restrictions, to identify publications reporting data on MP-AzeFlu. Clinical studies of any phase were included. Studies were excluded if they were not in English, were review articles, did not discuss the safety and efficacy of MP-AzeFlu for AR symptoms. Treatment of AR with MP-AzeFlu results in effective, sustained relief of nasal and ocular symptoms, and faster onset and time to control compared with intranasal azelastine or fluticasone propionate. Long-term use of MP-AzeFlu was safe, with benefits in children, adults, and adults aged ≥65 years. Other treatment options, including fluticasone propionate and azelastine alone or the combination of intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamine, do not provide the same level of efficacy as MP-AzeFlu in terms of rapid and sustained relief of the entire AR symptom complex. Furthermore, MP-AzeFlu significantly improves patient quality of life. MP-AzeFlu is a currently available combination that may satisfy all these patient needs and expectations.

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