scholarly journals ANTIMITOTIC AND GENOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF WILD LIBYAN ARTICHOKE CYNARA CORNIGERA LEAVES AQUEOUS EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Yara El hasham ◽  
Fauzia El garabulli ◽  
Salem El shatshat
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Allium cepa root tip cells were used to find out the effect of Cynara cornigera extract on chromosomal structure and behavior during cell division. To measure the mitotic index and chromosome aberration in treated cells. The root meristem cells were treated with different concentrations of Cynara cornigera leaves aqueous extract (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml) for 4, 6 and 12 hours, respectively. The results indicate that aqueous extracts of C. cornigera plant have the ability to decrease the (MI) values with increasing the concentration at (P<0.005). The treatments have caused different kinds of mitotic abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations, such as: Change percentage of mitotic phases, C-metaphase, Stickiness, Disturbed nuclear membrane, Highly condensation of prophase and Accumulation of cell in interphase. KEY WORDS: Bioassay: Cynara cornigera: Leaf extract: Artichoke; Chromosomal aberrations.

MUTAGENICITY OF SOME COMMON PESTICIDES IN BARLEY

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Grover ◽  
P. S. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The perusual of literature reveals the desirability to screen the mutagenicity of pesticides. The present report deals with the cytological aberrations and chlorophyll mutations induced by Thiodan, Folithion, Lebaycid and Kitazin, employing barley as the test material. The chromosomal aberrations were examined both at mitotic and meiotic level. The root tip cells from pesticide treated barley grains revealed various abnormalities at metaphase including fragmentation, unequal chromosome, chromosomes with displaced satellite and increased number of chromosome. The laggards, bridges, tripolarity, tetrapolarity and micronuclei were seen at later stages. A positive correlation between dose and aberration was noticed. The meiotic analysis of PMC's from plants raised from pesticide treated barley grains, revealed quadrivalents and univalents at metaphase-I. Anaphase-I was atypical in having unequal distribution, laggards, bridges — single or double. The persistent bridges at telophase and micronuclei were not unfrequent. The pollen fertility was reduced. — M2 analysis at the seedling stage revealed albina, xantha and tigrina mutants. The tigrina's were more frequent. Lebaycid was the most effective while Thiodan was the most efficient.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and micronuclei inducing effects of petroleum ether fraction of leaf aqueous extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. in Allium cepa root tip cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Roy ◽  
Lalit Mohan Kundu ◽  
Gobinda Chandra Roy ◽  
Manabendu Barman ◽  
Sanjib Ray
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Petroleum Ether Fraction ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ether Fraction ◽  
Clerodendrum Viscosum ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Clerodendrum viscosum is a traditionally used medicinal plant. The present study aimed to analyze a detailed cytotoxic effect of the nonpolar petroleum ether fraction (AQPEF) of leaf aqueous extract of C. viscosum Vent. (LAECV) in Allium cepa root tip cells. The LAECV was fractionated with petroleum ether and tested for A. cepa toxicity at early hours (2 and 4 h treatment) at concentrations 0, 0.050, 0.100, 0.150 and 0.200 mg mL-1. The highest aberrant cell percentage (10.45%) was scored from 0.150 mg mL-1 followed by0.100 mg mL-1 (8.75%) concentration at 4 h treated samples. The AQPEF treatment induced a significant (p<0.0001) increase in micronuclei frequency; 4.31, 5.08, 5.05 and 3.05% respectively at concentrations 0.50, 0.100, 0.150, and 0.200 mg mL-1. The highest polyploid frequency (20.14%) induced with 0.100 mg mL-1 of AQPEF at 16 h recovery. 0.150 mg mL-1 is the most effective concentration of AQPEF to decipher its activity similar to colchicine (0.150 mg mL-1). In summary, the present study indicates petroleum ether is suitable for extraction of the active phytochemicals of LAECV having cytotoxic effects on A. cepa root tip cells. The AQPEF has colchicine like micronuclei, polyploidy, and mitotic abnormality inducing potentials in A. cepa root apical meristem cells.

scholarly journals Effect of triazophos on mitotic activity and chromosomal behavior in root meristems of Allium cepa L.

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Pandey ◽  
Shyam R Sakya
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Cellular Abnormalities ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Effect of triazophos (an organophosphorous insecticide) on mitotic activity and chromosomal behavior in the meristematic region of root tip cells of Allium cepa L. was assessed. The insecticide showed mitotic depression and positive chromo-toxic effects. Abnormalities, such as stickiness, plasmolysed cells, equatorial plate shifting, polar shifting, irregular chromosome arrangement, precocious arms formation, bridge formation, C-metaphase, fragmentation of chromosomes, unequal cytokinesis, diagonal cytokinesis, delayed cytokinesis and formation of binucleated cells, were recorded in the chemically pretreated root meristem. Key-words: chromosomal and cellular abnormalities; cytotoxic effect; mitotic index; phase indices.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2903 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 4-7

scholarly journals Pro-metaphase arrest, polyploidy, micronuclei, and mitotic abnormality inducing agents’ isolation from leaf aqueous extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Roy ◽  
Lalit Mohan Kundu ◽  
Gobinda Chandra Roy ◽  
Manabendu Barman ◽  
Sanjib Ray
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Clerodane Diterpenoids ◽  
Clerodendrum Viscosum ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

AbstractClerodendrum viscosum is a traditionally used medicinal plant and the earlier reports indicate its leaf aqueous extract (LAECV) contains metaphase arresting, cell cycle delay, and mitotic abnormality inducing active principles. The present study aimed to isolate pro-metaphase arresting, polyploidy, micronuclei, and mitotic abnormality inducing active principles of LAECV. The LAECV was successively fractionated as petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CHF), and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions. All the extract fractions were tested for Allium cepa and Triticum aestivum root swelling and root growth inhibition analyses. The petroleum ether fraction was selected for further cytotoxicity analysis on A. cepa root tip cells and was processed for detection of the active principles through HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and IR analyses. The comparative seedlings’ root growth and swelling patterns indicate the bioactive principles are effectively fractionated in PEF and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of Clerodin (m/z 434.3), 15-hydroxy-14, 15-dihydroclerodin (m/z 452), 15-methoxy-14, 15-dihydroclerodin (m/z 466), and 14, 15-dihydroclerodin (m/z 436) with a retention time of 14.038, 14.103, 14.480 and 14.655 respectively. Thus the present study explores clerodane diterpenoids of LAECV as pro-metaphase arresting, polyploidy, micronuclei, and mitotic abnormality inducing active principles.

An assessment of cytotoxic potentiality of Aloe barbadensis on the root meristem cells of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 6531-6535
Author(s):  
Himshikha Yadav ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

The leaves of Aloe barbadensis are used in traditional and modern systems of medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potentialities of aqueous solution of Aloe barbadensis leaves on Trigonella foenum-graecum root tip meristem cells using a cytogenetic approach. Treatments with various concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaf extract to Trigonella foenum-graecum root meristem cells showed mito-inhibition and induced several chromosomal aberrations as chromsomal breakage, fragmentation, scattering, stickiness etc.

scholarly journals The Effect of Respiratory Inhibitors and Chelating Agents on the Frequencies of Chromosomal Aberrations Produced by X-Rays in Vicia

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kihlman
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Nitrosophenylhydroxylamine-ammonium (cupferron), potassium cyanide, sodium azide, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), α,α'-dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline were tested (1) for their ability to enhance the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations produced by x-rays in the root tip cells of the broad bean, Vicia faba, and (2) for their ability to inhibit oxygen consumption of excised roots of the same plant. In all cases a close correlation was found between the inhibitory effect on respiration and the enhancement of the sensitivity to x-rays at low oxygen pressures. EDTA, dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline did not affect respiration to any greater extent, and they were without influence on the radiosensitivity. Cyanide, azide, and cupferron, which strongly inhibited respiration, also increased the frequencies of chromosome aberrations produced by x-rays at low oxygen pressures. The relation between oxygen concentration and radiosensitivity was determined both in the presence and the absence of the respiratory inhibitor cupferron. When cupferron was present, the radiosensitivity was influenced by oxygen concentrations 30 times lower than those effective in the absence of the inhibitor. In an atmosphere of pure oxygen, an increase of radiosensitivity of about 20 per cent was obtained with cupferron, EDTA, and potassium cyanide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document