scholarly journals The Effect of Respiratory Inhibitors and Chelating Agents on the Frequencies of Chromosomal Aberrations Produced by X-Rays in Vicia

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kihlman
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Nitrosophenylhydroxylamine-ammonium (cupferron), potassium cyanide, sodium azide, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), α,α'-dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline were tested (1) for their ability to enhance the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations produced by x-rays in the root tip cells of the broad bean, Vicia faba, and (2) for their ability to inhibit oxygen consumption of excised roots of the same plant. In all cases a close correlation was found between the inhibitory effect on respiration and the enhancement of the sensitivity to x-rays at low oxygen pressures. EDTA, dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline did not affect respiration to any greater extent, and they were without influence on the radiosensitivity. Cyanide, azide, and cupferron, which strongly inhibited respiration, also increased the frequencies of chromosome aberrations produced by x-rays at low oxygen pressures. The relation between oxygen concentration and radiosensitivity was determined both in the presence and the absence of the respiratory inhibitor cupferron. When cupferron was present, the radiosensitivity was influenced by oxygen concentrations 30 times lower than those effective in the absence of the inhibitor. In an atmosphere of pure oxygen, an increase of radiosensitivity of about 20 per cent was obtained with cupferron, EDTA, and potassium cyanide.

EFFECTS OF NICKEL SULFATE ON ROOT GROWTH AND NUCLEOLI IN ROOT TIP CELLS OF ALLIUM CEPA

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghua Liu ◽  
Wusheng Jiang ◽  
Lin Guo ◽  
Yuqing Hao ◽  
Cheng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Nucleolar Material ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The effects of different concentrations of nickel sulfate on root growth and nucleoli in root tip cells of Allium cepa were studied. The concentrations of nickel sulfate (NiSO4 · 7H2O) used were in the range of 10−7-10−1M. The results showed that nickel sulfate has a stimulatory effect on root growth at lower concentrations, and an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. Nickel has toxic effects on nucleoli at higher concentrations. Phenomena we observed were irregularly shaped nucleoli, weaker silver staining reaction at the periphery of the nucleolus, and extrusion of nucleolar material from nuclei into the cytoplasm after treatment with higher concentrations of Ni.

MUTAGENICITY OF SOME COMMON PESTICIDES IN BARLEY

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Grover ◽  
P. S. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The perusual of literature reveals the desirability to screen the mutagenicity of pesticides. The present report deals with the cytological aberrations and chlorophyll mutations induced by Thiodan, Folithion, Lebaycid and Kitazin, employing barley as the test material. The chromosomal aberrations were examined both at mitotic and meiotic level. The root tip cells from pesticide treated barley grains revealed various abnormalities at metaphase including fragmentation, unequal chromosome, chromosomes with displaced satellite and increased number of chromosome. The laggards, bridges, tripolarity, tetrapolarity and micronuclei were seen at later stages. A positive correlation between dose and aberration was noticed. The meiotic analysis of PMC's from plants raised from pesticide treated barley grains, revealed quadrivalents and univalents at metaphase-I. Anaphase-I was atypical in having unequal distribution, laggards, bridges — single or double. The persistent bridges at telophase and micronuclei were not unfrequent. The pollen fertility was reduced. — M2 analysis at the seedling stage revealed albina, xantha and tigrina mutants. The tigrina's were more frequent. Lebaycid was the most effective while Thiodan was the most efficient.

EFFECTS OF PB2+ ON ROOT GROWTH, CELL DIVISION, AND NUCLEOLUS OF BRASSICA JUNCEA L.

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wusheng Jiang ◽  
Donghua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Anaphase Bridges ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The effects of different concentrations (10−5-10−2M) of lead nitrate on root growth and nucleoli in root tip cells of Brassica juncea L. were investigated. The results showed that lead nitrate has a stimulatory effect on root growth at lower concentrations, and an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. Pb has toxic effects on chromosomal morphology, including c-mitosis and anaphase bridges, and on nucleoli, causing some particulate silver-stained material scattered in the nuclei and inducing irregularly shaped nucleoli. Once the nucleolus was affected, the root growth almost or completely stopped.

scholarly journals THE RELATION BETWEEN DNA SYNTHESIS AND CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AS RESOLVED BY X-RAY DAMAGE

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Evans ◽  
J. R. K. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Type B ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
Chromosome Regions ◽  
In Cells

Vicia faba root tip cells were treated for short periods with tritiated thymidine, either immediately before or after exposure of roots to x-rays, and autoradiograph preparations were analysed in an attempt to test the hypothesis that chromatid type (B') aberrations are induced only in those chromosome regions that have synthesized DNA prior to x-irradiation, whereas chromosome type (B'') aberrations are induced only in unduplicated chromosome regions. Studying the relation between presence or absence of label at loci involved in aberrations, in cells irradiated at different development stages, and the pattern of labelling in cells carrying both types of aberration leads to the conclusion that B'' aberrations are induced only in unreplicated chromosome regions. Following replication, only B' aberrations are induced, but these aberrations are also induced in chromosome regions preparing to incorporate DNA. It is suggested that the doubled response of the chromosome to x-rays prior to DNA incorporation might reflect a physical separation of replicating units prior to replication. The aberration yields in damaged cells which were irradiated in G1 S, and early G2 were in the ratio of 1.0:2.0:3.2. The data indicate that the increased yield of B' in early G2 relative to S cells may be a consequence of changes in the spatial distribution of the chromosomes within the nucleus.

scholarly journals ANTIMITOTIC AND GENOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF WILD LIBYAN ARTICHOKE CYNARA CORNIGERA LEAVES AQUEOUS EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Yara El hasham ◽  
Fauzia El garabulli ◽  
Salem El shatshat
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Allium cepa root tip cells were used to find out the effect of Cynara cornigera extract on chromosomal structure and behavior during cell division. To measure the mitotic index and chromosome aberration in treated cells. The root meristem cells were treated with different concentrations of Cynara cornigera leaves aqueous extract (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml) for 4, 6 and 12 hours, respectively. The results indicate that aqueous extracts of C. cornigera plant have the ability to decrease the (MI) values with increasing the concentration at (P<0.005). The treatments have caused different kinds of mitotic abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations, such as: Change percentage of mitotic phases, C-metaphase, Stickiness, Disturbed nuclear membrane, Highly condensation of prophase and Accumulation of cell in interphase. KEY WORDS: Bioassay: Cynara cornigera: Leaf extract: Artichoke; Chromosomal aberrations.

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