Preparation, characterization and investigation of the anti-‎human ovarian cancer of silver nanoparticles green-formulated by Salvia officinalis leaf ‎aqueous extract ‎

IntroductionIn the present study, we decided to prepare and formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug (silver nanoparticles in ‎aqueous medium using Salvia officinalis leaf aqueous extract) for the treatment of human ovarian cancer in the in ‎vitro condition.Material and methodsThe organometallic chemistry tests such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–Visible Spectroscopy ‎‎(UV-Vis), and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were used for characterizing of silver ‎nanoparticles. For investigating the antioxidant potentials of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis aqueous extract, and ‎silver nanoparticles, the DPPH test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive ‎control. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human ovarian cancer activities of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis ‎aqueous extract, and silver nanoparticles, MTT assay was used on the human ovarian cancer cell lines i.e., Caov-‎‎3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1‎. ‎ResultsIn UV-Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 421 nm indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. In FT-IR ‎test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for ‎reducing of silver in the silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in ‎the concentration of 251 µg/mL. The best result of anti-human ovarian cancer effects of silver nanoparticles ‎against the above cell lines was observed in the case of the SK-OV-3 cell line. ‎ConclusionsSilver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-human ovarian cancer properties dose-dependently ‎against Caov-3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (HUVECs). ‎

Anti-breast carcinoma effects of green synthesized nickel nanoparticles from Alhagi ‎sparsifolia leaf aqueous extract: A pre-clinical trial study ‎

IntroductionMany nanoparticles have pharmacological and biochemical properties, including antioxidant and anti-‎inflammatory properties, which appear to be involved in anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. In the recent study, nickel nanoparticles were green-synthesized using the Alhagi sparsifolia leaf aqueous ‎extract. ‎Material and methodsThe synthesized Ni nanoparticles‎ were characterized by analytical techniques including SEM, UV-Vis., and FT-‎IR. The nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape in the average size of 16.19 nm. ‎ResultsIn the antioxidant test, the IC50 of Ni nanoparticles‎ and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 316 and 231 ‎‎µg/mL, respectively. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with Ni ‎nanoparticles‎ were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human breast cancer ‎properties on normal (HUVEC) and breast cancer cell lines i.e. lobular carcinoma of breast (UACC-3133), ‎inflammatory carcinoma of the breast (UACC-732), and metastatic carcinoma (MDA-MB-453). The viability of ‎malignant breast cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of Ni nanoparticles‎. The IC50 of Ni ‎nanoparticles‎ were 477, 548, and 605 µg/mL against lobular carcinoma of breast (UACC-3133), inflammatory ‎carcinoma of the breast (UACC-732), and metastatic carcinoma (MDA-MB-453) cell lines, respectively. ‎ConclusionsAfter clinical study, nickel nanoparticles containing Alhagi sparsifolia leaf aqueous extract may be used to ‎formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human breast cancer. ‎

The Effects of Fig Tree (Ficus carica L.) Leaf Aqueous Extract on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Three Medicinal Plants

Fig tree cultivation land resources are not fully utilized and introducing them into sustainable medicinal agroforestry systems can effectively achieve resource protection and reuse. Laboratory and pot experiments were applied to study the allelopathic effects of fig tree (Ficus carica L.) leaf aqueous extract at five mass concentrations of 8.3, 10.0, 12.5, 16.7, and 25.0 g/L on the morphological and physiological indexes of mint (Mentha haplocalyx Briq.), dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.), and woad (Isatis indigotica Fort.). The results showed that mint had the best seed germination rate. The leaf aqueous extract at lower concentrations had a strong promoting effect on the biomass and photosynthetic parameters of mint, dandelion, and woad. With the increase in leaf aqueous extract concentration, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity of mint, dandelion, and woad increased initially and then decreased, but the malondialdehyde content increased. The synthetic allelopathic indexes of the three medicinal plants were in the following order: mint >woad >dandelion. Both the low and medium concentration extracts (8.3 g/L-12.5 g/L) showed an obvious promoting effect, while high concentrations exhibited distinct inhibiting effects. In conclusion, mint is the most suitable medicinal plant to be interplanted with fig trees for introduction into medicinal agroforestry systems.

Impact on Growth and Secondary Metabolites in White Poplar (Populusalba L.) Callus using SeNPs@Moringa

Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has provided a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method, as well as raised safe strategies for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from the leaf aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (MO-SeNPs) and studied the effect of MO-SeNPs and Moringa extract with various concentrations on growth, active constituents, and antioxidant activity (scavenging DPPH) of Populus alba callus. MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D at 2 mg/l + 0.5 mg/l BA took the maximum callus induction percentage (100%), increasing the callus fresh weight, dry weight, and degree of callus formation compared with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l Kin. Methods: The highest values of callus fresh and dry weight were recorded on MS containing 20% MO-SeNPs. Regarding the active constituents, the GC-MS chromatogram revealed the presence of 23 major compounds identified in the chloroform extract. The phytoconstituents with maximum peak area in callus extract are Tetradecane, Hexadecen-1-ol,trans-9-, 5-Octadecene, (Benzene, 1-pentyloctyl), (Benzene, 1-butylnonyl), Cycloeicosane, and 10-Heneicosene in all treatments. Moringa extract and MO-SeNPs stimulate the increase of compounds in the callus compared to control. In this regard, MO-SeNPs 5% led to a higher increase in the area percent of active substances compared to the treatment of Moringa extract and control. Results: Concerning the antioxidant activity, the results indicated that Moringa extract and MO-SeNPs had a positive effect on scavenging DPPH compared with the control. Conclusion : The highest percentages of scavenging DPPH were recorded when Populus alba L. callus was treated with MO-SeNPs 20%, 10%, and Moringa extract 20%, percentages reached 84.65, 75.35, and 71.94 %, respectively.

Effect of SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) kawista leaf aqueous extract (Limonia acidissima L.) on body and organ weight of Rats

SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) is a pharmacological method that can increase the bioavailability of a drug. Kawista leaf aqueous extract contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract has not been reported on its effect on body weight and organs of rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract on body weight, liver and kidney weight of Rattus norvegicus in acute toxicity testing using the OECD 423 method. Data on body weight and organ weight of the liver and kidneys of female white rats of the Wistar strain were obtained during toxicity testing by acute OECD method 423. In this test, rats were divided into 3 treatment groups,namely control, SNEDDS, and SNEDDS of kawista leaf aqueous extract, with a total of 5 rats per treatment. The test was carried out in 2 terms of dosing according to OECD 423, wherein the second term the amount of the dose given was determined from the data on the response of the test animals to the dosage of the preparations in the first term. The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed with Duncan. The results showed that the SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or the weight of the liver and kidneys of rats which was indicated from the statistical test results that there was no significant difference between treatments. This study conclude that SNEDDS preparation of kawista leaf aqueous extract did not affect the body weight or liver and kidney organs of rats.

Biosynthesis of Fe nanoparticles using Alhagi sparsifolia extract for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma in the in vitro condition: A pre-clinical trial study

IntroductionThe preparation and formulation of new chemotherapeutic supplements and drugs with remarkable effects for the treatment of cancer are in the priority of both developing and developed countries. Recently, iron nanoparticles have been used as modern chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of several cancers such as leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc. In the present study, iron nanoparticles were green-synthesized using the aqueous extract of Alhagi sparsifolia leaf aqueous extract.Material and methodsThe synthesized FeNPs were characterized by analytical techniques including SEM, TEM, UV-Vis., and FT-IR. The anti-human colorectal carcinoma activity of FeNPs was evaluated using MTT assay. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with FeNPs were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human colorectal carcinoma properties on normal (HUVEC) and colorectal carcinoma cell lines i.e. HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-8, and Ramos.2G6.4C10.ResultsThe nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape in the average size of 47.24 nm. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of FeNPs and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 161 and 134 µg/mL, respectively. The viability of malignant colorectal cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of FeNPs. The IC50 of FeNPs were 250, 293, 276, and 344 µg/mL against HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-8, and Ramos.2G6.4C10 cell lines, respectively.ConclusionsAfter clinical study, iron nanoparticles containing Alhagi sparsifolia leaf aqueous extract may be used to formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human colorectal carcinoma.

Chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis of bioactive principles from Vernonia amygdalina leaf aqueous extract

Application of medicinal plants in managing disease conditions is a practice as old as mankind. Its use in today’s healthcare has increased astronomically when compared to any other era. National policies, which integrate herbal products in healthcare systems, and the increasing presence of herbal clinics have become the order in many countries. Despite the ease of accessibility and affordability, the use of products from medicinal plants as phyto-medicines is threatened by the inability to maximize the benefits. This is due to inadequate qualitative and quantitative data necessary for proper application and regulation. Vernonia amygdalina, a herb widely used by ethnics in diverse forms of health management, is one such medicinal plant. This study was designed to determine referenceable values for the ethno formulation of the herb which is usually prepared as the aqueous extract of the leaf. Standard techniques and procedures were employed for this study. Fractionation of the extract was carried out using facilitated column chromatography. Pure principles of fractionates were separated with gas chromatography and identified using hyphenated mass spectrometer based on their relative abundance. The obtained chromatogram and spectra of principles were elucidated by relating data to the Mass Spectral Database with Automatic Mass Spectra Deconvolution & Identification System (AMDIS). Preliminary screening of extract indicated the absence of quinine but presence of alkaloids, tannins and saponins. Aqueous extraction produced 18 % (w/w) yield. The accelerated column chromatography produced a yield in the ratio of four to six to nine for the chloroform, chloroform/methanol and methanol effluents, respectively. Data obtained from the AMDIS elucidation showed the presence of eleven principles, which includes 1, 2, 3, 4-Butanetetrol; 1, 2-Benzenediol; and Caprolactam among others. Some of the properties and bioactivities of these principles have been reported in previous literature. Findings suggest that bioactivity common with some of these principles is consistent with previous literature on the use of the herb, and demonstrates reasons for the folkloric application.