scholarly journals Second-Hand Risk Health Tragedies and Human Right Violations due to Ethanol Consumption. Biochemical basis for metabolic and behavioral Tragedies due to Ethanol Consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Nery Lamothe ◽  
Mara Lamothe ◽  
Daniel Lamothe ◽  
Pilar Bueno ◽  
Alejandro Alonso-Altamirano ◽  
...  

Everywhere a nonsmoker who is an alcohol consumer, complains of secondhand smoke, without being aware of second-hand risk health tragedies and human rights violations provoked by alcohol consumption. Here we analyze the concept, mainly unexplored, of dramatic adverse health effects and of human rights violations against third parties generated for alcohol consumption by others; and also, the harm due to the chemical transient prefrontal lobotomy generated by alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption has been a part of the everyday human diet for centuries, especially because of the fact that alcoholic beverages are a safe means of hydration wherever clear water has not been available [1]. Old patients could, simultaneously be part of the alcohol consumers and/or secondhand victims. Before deciding to analyze the geriatric problems, we propose the allegorical model, based on Scott, Ellison, and Sinclair, as it was published in Nature Aging, in July 2021. We divide the theoretical analysis with four fundamental alternatives [2]: The extension of life (Struldbrug case). In Jonathan Swift's 1726 novel “Gulliver's Travels”, the struldbrugs were humans born apparently normal. The Struldbruggs, however immortal however they age normally, live in continuously deteriorating health. This takes us to the philosophical alternative of: “living or lasting” [2]. To lower morbidity (Dorian Gray case). Narratively, in “The Picture of Dorian Gray” a philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, Dorian Gray owns a portrait of himself and while the picture ages, Dorian Gray does not change, maintaining his health and appearance until death [2]. Slowing aging (Peter Pan case), In this extreme case, where aging is not just slowed but canceled, the mortality and the health become independent of the age, and thus the individual is ‘forever young’. This constitutes the ‘Peter Pan’ case, after the play and novel about a boy who never grows old. This closely corresponds to the Hypocaloric diet claiming that it slows aging [2]. To reverse aging physical damage is repaired instead of slowed. This is a close analogy to the “Theseus Boat” as well as the regeneration of salamanders and lizards and transplants from donors. Desiderative, this is the future of organoids and the engineering of the pluripotent cell [2].

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Gabriela Luisa Schmitz ◽  
Saulo Roth Dalcin ◽  
Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira ◽  
João Batista Teixeira Rocha

Alcohol consumption is high among adolescents. It is important to implement preventive policies to avoid alcohol consumption by adolescents. We assessed the preconceptions of 171 Brazilian adolescents (15 to 18 years) from high school, on the use of alcohol. We compared students’ view with the scientific information to inform educators about the potential social and biological hazards of ethanol consumption that could be used as support material in the classroom. Students’ approval of alcohol consumption was high. However, the knowledge about chronic toxicological risks of alcohol consumption was almost absent. These results indicate that, in the students' conception, the neurobiological reward provided by alcohol outweighs the negative impacts of this substance. Thus, we strongly suggest that basic school curricula must cover the socio-toxicological effects of ethanol consumption as a strategy to increase the visibility and perceptions about the negative impact of alcohol consumption.


2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.


2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Horlick ◽  
Joe Cyr ◽  
Scott Reynolds ◽  
Andrew Behrman

Under the United States Alien Tort Statute, which permits non-U.S. citizens to bring lawsuits in U.S. courts for human rights violations that are violations of the law of nations, plaintiffs have filed claims against multinational oil and gas corporations for the direct or complicit commission of such violations carried out by the government of the country in which the corporation operated. In addition to exercising jurisdiction over U.S. corporations, U.S. courts have exercised jurisdiction in cases involving non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside the U.S.The exercise of jurisdiction by U.S. courts over non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside of the U.S. raises serious questions as to the jurisdictional foundation on which the power of U.S. courts to adjudicate them rests. Defences that foreign defendants can raise against the exercise of jurisdiction by the U.S. courts are an objection to the extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction, the act of state doctrine, the political question doctrine, forum non conveniens, and the principle of comity. These defences are bolstered by the support of the defendant’s home government and other governments.


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