آليات التعايش مع مرض التهاب الكبد الفيروسى المزمن ما بين التديُّن والروحانية أو التجنُّب والهروب Coping Mechanisms with Chronic Viral Hepatitis between Religiosity and Spirituality or Avoidance and Escape

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (first) ◽  
pp. 140-169
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality ◽  
Depth Interviews

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على مدى اعتماد المرضى المصابين بمرض التهاب الكبد الفيروسى المزمن على التدين والروحانية أو التجنُّب والهروب كآليات للتعايش مع مرض التهاب الكبد الفيروسى المزمن. ويعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفى التحليلي، من خلال المقابلات المتعمِقة مع عيِّنَة قوامها 48 من مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسى B & C. توصلت نتائج البحث إلى اعتماد أكثر من ثلثِ عيِّنَة الدراسة من المصابين بفيروس C، بالإضافة إلى ثلاث حالات من المصابين بفيروس Bعلى اللجوء إلى الله (سبحانه)، والصلاة والدعاء باستمرار؛ للتَّعَايُش مع المشكلات النفسية التى تواجِه المرضى، واعتماد ربع العينة من المصابين بفيروس C بالإضافة إلى جميع المصابين بفيروس Bفى الدراسة على تَجَنُّب التعامل مع من يرفض إصابتهم أو يوجِّه اللومَ لهم بعد إصابتهم بمرض الْتِهَاب الكبد الفيروسى. The study aims to identify the extent to which patients with chronic viral hepatitis depend on religiosity and spirituality or Avoidance and Escape as mechanisms to cope with chronic viral hepatitis. The study is descriptive analytical on a sample of 48 patients with viral hepatitis B&C using in depth interviews. The results of the study found that more than a third of the cases infected with C virus, as well three cases of those infected with B virus approved resorting to God and prayers and supplication constantly to cope with psychological problems. about a quarter of the case infected with C virus, as well all infected with B virus preferred to be avoid dealing with people who refuse to be infected or blame them for having viral hepatitis.

THE PREVALENCE CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT VIRUS MUTATIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Ostankova ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
K. A. Nogoybaeva ◽  
K. T. Kasymbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinically Significant

The prevalence of clinically significant virus mutations in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B from the Kyrgyz Republic was analyzed. Blood plasma samples of 64 patients with verified chronic viral hepatitis B obtained from Kyrgyzstan indigenous people were used in the work. Asymmetric PCR was carried out with extended oligonucleotides and the first reaction amplification product was further used in a new PCR with one of the nested pairs overlapping primers that flanked the entire HBV genome together, followed by sequencing. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 64 HBV isolates obtained from patients from the Kyrgyz Republic, it was shown that only the genotype D virus was present in the examined group, the HBV subgenotype D1 (68.75%) prevailed compared with the HBV subgenotype D2 (18.75%) and subgenotype D3 (12.5%). For all subgenotypes, several independent infection sources are obvious, subclusters that include isolates from Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are distinguished, as well as subclusters that include isolates only from Kyrgyzstan, which are less similar to isolates previously deposited in the international database, which probably indicates an independent HBV homologous evolution in the region. Clinically significant mutations were identified in 26.5% of patients. Including 12.5% with escape mutations that prevent the virus detection and / or allow the virus to replicate despite the vaccine (122K, 128V, 133I, 134N). Another 12.5% of the isolates are characterized by mutations that are independently associated with the liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development, including 21, 24, 27 nucleotides deletions in the Pre-S2 region and the S11F mutation in the PreCore region. In one case, unusual 236S and 250P mutations were found in the positions described as drug resistance sites of the P region associated with the resistance development to adefovir, tenofovir, and entecavir. The hepatitis B virus genetic structure analysis, early virus mutations detection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus can help to choose the right vaccination strategy, antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy, as well as predict the clinical course and disease progression.

scholarly journals THE TACTICS OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY FOR CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B IN PREGNANT WOMEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Yuliia Mudra
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

The aim of the study. Analysis of tactics of antiviral therapy for chronic viral hepatitis b in pregnant women. Methods. Theoretical analysis of scientific literature; analysis and generalization. Statistics and comparisons. Classification of theoretical material and development of recommendations. Research results. Today, there are about 2 billion people in the world ill with a chronic infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, 350 million of whom suffer from chronic hepatitis B, and most are asymptomatic carriers of the Australian antigen (HBsAg). Up to 50 % of all new cases of hepatitis B virus infection are due to vertical infection. Despite the lack of increase in viral load during pregnancy, alanine aminotransferase tends to increase in late pregnancy and in the postpartum period. A sharp drop in postpartum corticosteroids may create favourable conditions for hepatitis B virus activation. It is emphasized that the current treatment of hepatitis B virus includes the use of antiviral drugs, where Peg-IFN is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy, lamivudine and entecavir are classified by the FDA as category C, and tenofovir and telbivudine are classified as category B. During pregnancy, it is recommended to use mainly category B drugs. Conclusions. The use of antiviral therapy in combination with immunoprophylaxis of new-borns is the optimal strategy for implementation as a universal program, as the success of such an intervention can make a significant contribution to achieving the ultimate goal of global elimination of hepatitis B virus.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of the natural course of chronic viral hepatitis B

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
D Sh Enaleeva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

Currently there are about 400 million people infected with the hepatitis B virus, including five million people - in Russia. A serious problem is the development of complications of chronic viral hepatitis’ - liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, from which eventually 20-35% of patients die. Undoubtedly, the outstanding science achievement of the XX century was the creation of a genetically engineered vaccine against hepatitis B. The pursued immunizations on a global scale has led to significant results - reduction of the number of cases of acute forms of viral hepatitis B, the frequency of formation of the chronic variant of the disease. Despite these successes, there remains the problem of prevention of the perinatal transmission path. Identified were the risk factors for neonatal infection, amongst which the most significant are the presence of the antigen of the hepatitis B virus, which is not a part of the Dane particles (HBEAg), and the level of viremia prior to delivery. The basis of prevention is an active-passive immunization, which helps prevent infection in infants in 90-95% of cases. Encouraging results (reduction in the risk of infant infection) were obtained in studies of antiviral therapy in the III trimester of pregnancy. The introduction of new molecular biological diagnostic methods (polymerase chain reaction) made it possible to determine the genetic material of the virus in serum and tissues, the presence of mutations and genetic variability of the virus. At present, identified are the factors that determine the progression of the disease, the efficacy of antiviral therapy. Identified are the new variants of the clinical course of viral hepatitis B, depending on the profile of the serological (antigen-antibody) markers. The latent course of viral hepatitis B deserves special attention. The serological feature of this variant is the presence of «isolated» antibodies and/or deoxyribonucleic acid of the virus, or the absence of all markers of hepatitis B. It is obvious that patients with a latent course of infection pose a real threat in spreading viral hepatitis B.

scholarly journals Variety of the hepatitis B virus genovariants in the military

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Ostankova ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
I. A. Gabdrakhmanov ◽  
K. V. Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
The Russian Federation

Aim. To estimate the distribution of genotypes and subgenotypes of the hepatitis B virus among military personnel with chronic viral hepatitis B. Materials and methods. The work used samples of blood plasma and biopsy material obtained from 90 active or retired military personnel with chronic viral hepatitis B with various degrees of fibrosis undergoing treatment in St. Petersburg. Primary detection of HBV was carried out by isolating nucleic acids (NK) from the blood plasma using the «AmplePrime Ribo-prep» commercial kit (FBIS CRIE, Moscow). Specific primers were used for the amplification and sequencing reaction. Overlapping primer pairs were used, jointly flanking 1475 base pairs (bp) fragment, including the recommended for HBV genotyping the 1169 bp Pre-S1/Pre-S2/S. Results. Among 90 samples from patients with chronic viral hepatitis B from different regions of the Russian Federation, HBV subgenotypes are represented in the following ratios: D2 = 45.6% (n=41), D1 = 32.2% (n=29), D3 = 13.3% (n=12), A2 = 6.7% (n=6), D4 and A1 by 1.1%, respectively. The distribution of HBV subgenotypes from the North Caucasian federal district (D1 – 63.6%, D2, D3, D4, A2 – by 9.1%) was significantly different from the distribution among patients from the Central and North-Western federal districts (D1-20, 9%, D2 – 58%, D3 – 16.3%, A2 – 4.8%) (χ2=11,9 при p=0,0076, df=3). Uncharacteristic for the Russian Federation subgenotypes D4 and A1, representing single imported cases. The tendency to shift the distribution of genovariants due to imports of the corresponding HBV subgenotypes from other countries, including the Central Asian countries, is discussed. Conclusion. A systematic study of the HBV isolates phylogeny provides new information about the HBV subgenotypes distribution among certain population groups, including military personnel.

scholarly journals Clinical and Experimental Effectiveness of Astragali Compound in the Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Tang ◽  
JF Sheng ◽  
CH Xu ◽  
KZ Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
Duck Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

Chinese herbs are widely used in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B. The effectiveness of 2 months' treatment with Astragali compound (AC), containing Radix Astragali and adjuvant components, was studied for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in 116 patients; 92 patients were given other drugs in regular clinical use for viral hepatitis (controls). The clinical efficacy of AC was significantly better in AC-treated patients than in controls. Negative seroconversions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen e and HBV DNA were also significantly higher in AC-treated patients than in controls. Of eight duck viral hepatitis B models infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and treated with AC, three showed negative seroconversion of DHBV DNA and serum DHBV DNA levels significantly decreased after AC administration compared with the controls; DHBV DNA was negative in biopsied liver tissue by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in two ducks treated with AC. Pathological changes were milder in AC-treated ducks than in controls. These results indicate that AC may promote recovery from viral hepatitis and inhibit HBV replication.

Features ofliver fibrosis in children with chronic viral hepatitis B and different variants of gene polymorphism of IL-28B

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
V.S. Berezenko ◽  
◽  
O.V. Tsaryova ◽  
M.B. Dyba ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

The relationship between visfatin, liver inflammation, and acute phase reactants in chronic viral hepatitis B

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 658-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Yüksel ◽  
Erdem Akbal ◽  
Erdem Koçak ◽  
Ömer Akyürek ◽  
Seyfettin Köklü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
The Relationship

Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis B and Drug Resistant Variants

2012 ◽  
pp. 133-165
Author(s):  
Tin Nguyen ◽  
Paul Desmond ◽  
Stephen Locarnini
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B
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