scholarly journals Ponies, Joints, Complexity and the Method of Indifference

10.36850/r3 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubertus Hubertus Nederbragt
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Artificial Damage ◽  
Regeneration Experiment ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Joint Experiment

An important discipline in biomedical science is the repair of damaged organs by in vitro cultured differentaited stem cells. This article evaluates an article in this field, entitled "The complexity of joint regeneration", by Diloloksumpan et al. (2021), who described a regeneration experiment of artificial damage of the joint of ponies. The experiment failed an I describe the possible cause of this failure by discussing the design of the experiment in the light of J.S.Mill's Method of Difference, published in 1848. I continue with a discussion of the concept of complexity that was introduced by the authors of the paper, by pointing out that three types of complexity may be distinguished; one of these is complicatedness which characterizes the assumed complexity of the joint experiment. I propose that this complicatedness can be solved by the use of the method of difference.

scholarly journals Induced pluripotent stem cells. Obtaining, properties and application prospects in biology and medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
O. I. Tishuk ◽  
A. G. Poleshko ◽  
I. D. Volotovsky
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

This review dedicated to induced pluripotent stem cells discovery of which became one of the outstanding achievements of biomedical science at the beginning of 21th century. These cells are in fact a artificially induced analogue of embryonic stem cells. They are the progenitors of all cells contained in organism of animals and human. The pool of embryonic stem cells forms in fertilized cell and they are involved in extremely complex processes of organogenesis. The position of these cells in general and of induced pluripotent stem cells in particular in hierarchy of cells in organism is described.The main properties of these cells, similarities and differences between embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, prospects for their practical use in biology and medicine including treatment of human diseases are considered.The mechanisms of induced dedifferenciation in both unipotent cells, for example fibroblasts and keretotinocytes, and multipotent cells as hemopoetic or mesenchimal stromal stem cells are described.In this review the information on used in the world approaches for obtaining of induced pluripotent stem cells is presented, the ways of reprogramming different in the methods of delivery of genetic material into the cells and conditions of their cultivation during dedifferentiation process and efficacy. As an example, description of all dedifferentiation cycle of human fibroblasts in induced pluripotent stem cells is provided. Besides, the data on unique properties of induced pluripotent stem cells what allowed to study ontogenesis processes, pathophysiology of various diseases both in vitro and in animals' models to be obtained using induced pluripotent stem cells and also on approaches of these cells application for medicine screening when they are synthesized and tested are given.

scholarly journals Decreased Insulin Sensitivity in Telomerase-Immortalized Mesenchymal Stem Cells Affects Efficacy and Outcome of Adipogenic Differentiation in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Kulebyakin ◽  
Pyotr Tyurin-Kuzmin ◽  
Anastasia Efimenko ◽  
Nikita Voloshin ◽  
Anton Kartoshkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Promising Source

Modern biomedical science still experiences a significant need for easy and reliable sources of human cells. They are used to investigate pathological processes underlying disease, conduct pharmacological studies, and eventually applied as a therapeutic product in regenerative medicine. For decades, the pool of adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) remains a promising source of stem and progenitor cells. Their isolation is more feasible than most other stem cells from human donors, yet they have a fair share of drawbacks. They include significant variability between donors, loss of potency, and transformation during long-term culture, which may impact the efficacy and reproducibility of research. One possible solution is a derivation of immortalized MSCs lines which receive a broader use in many medical and biological studies. In the present work, we demonstrated that in the most widely spread commercially available hTERT-immortalized MSCs cell line ASC52telo, sensitivity to hormonal stimuli was reduced, affecting their differentiation efficacy. Furthermore, we found that immortalized MSCs have impaired insulin-dependent and cAMP-dependent signaling, which impairs their adipogenic, but not osteogenic or chondrogenic, potential under experimental conditions. Our findings indicate that hTERT-immortalized MSCs may present a suboptimal choice for studies involving modeling or investigation of hormonal sensitivity.

Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the portal vein of the miniature pig; a preliminary experiment for NOTES approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: There is evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could trans-differentiate into the liver cells in vitro and in vivo and thus may be used as an unfailing source for stem cell therapy of liver disease. Combination of MSCs (with or without their differentiation in vitro) and minimally invasive procedures as laparoscopy or Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) represents a chance for many patients waiting for liver transplantation in vain. Methods: Over 30 millions of autologous MSCs at passage 3 were transplanted via the portal vein in an eight months old miniature pig. The deposition of transplanted cells in liver parenchyma was evaluated histologically and the trans-differential potential of CM-DiI labeled cells was assessed by expression of pig albumin using immunofluorescence. Results: Three weeks after transplantation we detected the labeled cells (solitary, small clusters) in all 10 samples (2 samples from each lobe) but no diffuse distribution in the samples. The localization of CM-DiI+ cells was predominantly observed around the portal triads. We also detected the localization of albumin signal in CM-DiI labeled cells. Conclusion: The study results showed that the autologous MSCs (without additional hepatic differentiation in vitro) transplantation through the portal vein led to successful infiltration of intact miniature pig liver parenchyma with detectable in vivo trans-differentiation. NOTES as well as other newly developed surgical approaches in combination with cell therapy seem to be very promising for the treatment of hepatic diseases in near future.

In vitro effect of prolactin on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rats

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melo Ocarino Natalia de ◽  
Silvia Silva Santos ◽  
Lorena Rocha ◽  
Juneo Freitas ◽  
Reis Amanda Maria Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vitro Effect

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells and their application in experimental embryology

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Opiela ◽  
M. Samiec
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Fertilization In Vitro ◽  
Cell Cloning ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Experimental Embryology ◽  
Genomic Engineering

Abstract The efficiency of somatic cell cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer; SCNT) as well as in vitro fertilization/in vitro embryo production (IVF/IVP) in mammals stay at relatively same level for over a decade. Despite plenty of different approaches none satisfactory break-through took place. In this article, we briefly summarize the implementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for experimental embryology. The advantages of using MSCs as nuclear donors in somatic cell cloning and in vitro embryo culture are described. The description of results obtained with these cells in mammalian embryo genomic engineering is presented.

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