TECHNICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF ECONOMIC PROJECTS IN AGRICULTURE

I. I. KOVTUN;  ; Z. A. IVANOVA; F. A. YUN; N. M. ANTIPINA;  ;  ;

doi:10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.06.02.010

TECHNICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF ECONOMIC PROJECTS IN AGRICULTURE

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.06.02.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 58-64

Author(s):

I. I. KOVTUN ◽

◽

Z. A. IVANOVA ◽

F. A. YUN ◽

N. M. ANTIPINA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Economic Indicator ◽

Individual Approach ◽

Scientific Analysis

The leading directions of issues of assessing the feasibility of economic projects in agriculture are determined. The main orientations of the scientific analysis carried out are displayed, the meaning of which is to combine, within the framework of an agreed individual approach, certain methods for assessing the feasibility and economic indicator of productivity of modern calculations and schemes with mathematical models and official approaches investigated within the framework of the highly functional IDEF0 modeling capability.

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Mutual Influence between Different Views of Probability and Statistical Inference

PARADIGMA ◽

10.37618/paradigma.1011-2251.2021.p221-256.id1024 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 221-256

Author(s):

Manfred Borovcnik

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Statistical Inference ◽

Mathematical Theory ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

Axiomatic Theory ◽

Foundations Of Probability ◽

Scientific Analysis ◽

Learning Paths ◽

Unsolvable Problems

In this paper, we analyse the various meanings of probability and its different applications, and we focus especially on the classical, the frequentist, and the subjectivist view. We describe the different problems of how probability can be measured in each of the approaches, and how each of them can be well justified by a mathematical theory. We analyse the foundations of probability, where the scientific analysis of the theory that allows for a frequentist interpretation leads to unsolvable problems. Kolmogorov’s axiomatic theory does not suffice to establish statistical inference without further definitions and principles. Finally, we show how statistical inference essentially determines the meaning of probability and a shift emerges from purely objectivist views to a complementary conception of probability with frequentist and subjectivist constituents. For didactical purpose, the result of the present analyses explains basic problems of teaching, originating from a biased focus on frequentist aspects of probability. It also indicates a high priority for the design of suitable learning paths to a complementary conception of probability. In the applications, modellers use information in a pragmatic way processing this information regardless of its connotation into formal mathematical models, which are always thought as essentially wrong but useful.

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Fit Vs Faint: Assessing Work Causation in “Idiopathic Fall” Cases

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2014.sepoct01 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

Lorne Direnfeld ◽

David B. Torrey ◽

Jim Black ◽

LuAnn Haley ◽

Christopher R. Brigham

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Brain Electrical Activity ◽

Medical Terminology ◽

Scientific Analysis ◽

Medical Causation ◽

The Individual ◽

The Brain ◽

Current Science

Abstract When an individual falls due to a nonwork-related episode of dizziness, hits their head and sustains injury, do workers’ compensation laws consider such injuries to be compensable? Bearing in mind that each state makes its own laws, the answer depends on what caused the loss of consciousness, and the second asks specifically what happened in the fall that caused the injury? The first question speaks to medical causation, which applies scientific analysis to determine the cause of the problem. The second question addresses legal causation: Under what factual circumstances are injuries of this type potentially covered under the law? Much nuance attends this analysis. The authors discuss idiopathic falls, which in this context means “unique to the individual” as opposed to “of unknown cause,” which is the familiar medical terminology. The article presents three detailed case studies that describe falls that had their genesis in episodes of loss of consciousness, followed by analyses by lawyer or judge authors who address the issue of compensability, including three scenarios from Arizona, California, and Pennsylvania. A medical (scientific) analysis must be thorough and must determine the facts regarding the fall and what occurred: Was the fall due to a fit (eg, a seizure with loss of consciousness attributable to anormal brain electrical activity) or a faint (eg, loss of consciousness attributable to a decrease in blood flow to the brain? The evaluator should be able to fully explain the basis for the conclusions, including references to current science.

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