Survey on the Awareness of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in the Japanese General Public

Lung Age ◽

Wide Range

Background: In Japan, people are typically aware of tuberculosis (TB) as a respiratory infection, but awareness of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis is lacking. In 2014, the estimated incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in Japan exceeded that of TB. Furthermore, the risk of infection is increasing because of the lack of public awareness regarding the high incidence of NTM-PD. The purpose of this study was to determine and raise the public awareness of NTM-PD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in Japan. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to 845 subjects who participated in and consented to a pulmonary age measurement event in Tokyo, Japan. The questions included items related to age, sex, smoking history, previous lung age measurement experience, and assessment of awareness of respiratory diseases such as NTM-PD and COPD, and PR awareness. Results: Awareness of NTM-PD was significantly lower (5.9%) than that of other diseases and independently of age. Of the subjects questioned, 10.3% had experienced PR and 18.6% were aware about PR. Those individuals who were aware of lung age measurement, PR, and other respiratory diseases were more likely to be aware of NTM-PD than those who were unaware. Conclusions: The general public is largely unaware of NTM-PD, regardless of age. In the future, more proactive educational activities targeting a wide range of age groups through different events such as lung age measurement are needed.

Morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Russian Pulmonology ◽

10.18093/0869-0189-2008-0-6-48-52 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 48-52

Author(s):

E. V. Privalova ◽

T. V. Vavilova ◽

N. A. Kuzubova

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Bronchial Obstruction ◽

Compensatory Reaction ◽

Copd Patients

The aim of this study was to investigate morphological and functional erythrocyte parameters in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured erythrocyte parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-SD) using the automatic hematological analyzer Sysmex XT-2000i. Sixty-nine patients participated in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 34 patients with COPD (mean age 63 yrs, median smoking history 36 packyrs); 15 smokers without bronchial obstruction (mean age 56 yrs, median smoking history 28 packyrs) and 20 nonsmokers of the sane age without bronchial obstruction. Smokers with COPD and smokers without bronchial obstruction had significantly higher erythrocyte parameters compared to those of nonsmokers. Smokers demonstrated higher HGB level that could be as a compensatory reaction to nicotine-related preclinical hypoxia. Marked increase in RBC number and anisocytosis (RDW-SD) reflected the erythron activation in smokers with COPD. These results suggest that measurement of erythrocyte parameters could be useful to assess symptomatic erythrocytosis in COPD patients.

Respiratory diseases: Sex and gender evidence in obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma

How Sex and Gender Impact Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-816569-0.00014-0 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 289-306

Author(s):

Juliana M. Kling ◽

Kathryn Williams

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

And Gender

Association of NLRP1 Coding Polymorphism with Lung Function and Serum IL-1β Concentration in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10100783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 783 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ozretić ◽

da Silva Filho ◽

Catalano ◽

Sokolović ◽

Vukić-Dugac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Minor Allele ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Airflow Limitation ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

The Impact

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive decline in lung function due to airflow limitation, mainly related to IL-1β-induced inflammation. We have hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NLRP genes, coding for key regulators of IL-1β, are associated with pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes of COPD. We recruited 704 COPD individuals and 1238 healthy controls for this study. Twenty non-synonymous SNPs in 10 different NLRP genes were genotyped. Genetic associations were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, and smoking history. The impact of genotypes on patients’ overall survival was analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test. Serum IL-1β concentration was determined by high sensitivity assay and expression analysis was done by RT-PCR. Decreased lung function, measured by a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1% predicted), was significantly associated with the minor allele genotypes (AT + TT) of NLRP1 rs12150220 (p = 0.0002). The same rs12150220 genotypes exhibited a higher level of serum IL-1β compared to the AA genotype (p = 0.027) in COPD patients. NLRP8 rs306481 minor allele genotypes (AG + AA) were more common in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) definition of group A (p = 0.0083). Polymorphisms in NLRP1 (rs12150220; OR = 0.55, p = 0.03) and NLRP4 (rs12462372; OR = 0.36, p = 0.03) were only nominally associated with COPD risk. In conclusion, coding polymorphisms in NLRP1 rs12150220 show an association with COPD disease severity, indicating that the fine-tuning of the NLRP1 inflammasome could be important in maintaining lung tissue integrity and treating the chronic inflammation of airways.

Comparison between electronic and paper versions of patient-reported outcome measures in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational study with a cross-over administration

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e032767

Author(s):

Koichi Nishimura ◽

Masaaki Kusunose ◽

Ryo Sanda ◽

Yousuke Tsuji ◽

Yoshinori Hasegawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Patient Reported Outcome ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Wide Range ◽

Patient Reported

ObjectivesA wide range of electronic devices can be used for data collection of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although comparisons between electronic and paper-based PRO measures have been undertaken in asthmatics, it is currently uncertain whether electronic questionnaires work equally as well as paper versions in elderly subjects with COPD. The aim of this study was to compare the responses to paper and electronic versions of the Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD (E-RS) and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT).DesignA randomised cross-over design was used to compare the responses to paper and electronic versions of the two tools. The interval between the two administrations was 1 week.SettingElectronic versions were self-administered under supervision using a tablet computer at our outpatient clinic (secondary care hospital in Japan) while paper questionnaires completed at home were requested to be returned by mail. It was intended that half of the patients completed the electronic versions of both questionnaires first, followed by the paper versions while the other half completed the paper versions ﬁrst.ParticipantsEighty-one subjects with stable COPD were included.ResultsThe E-RS total scores (possible range 0–40) were 6.8±7.4 and 5.0±6.6 in the paper-based and electronic versions, respectively, and the CAT scores (possible range 0–40) were 10.0±7.4 and 8.6±7.8. In both questionnaires, higher scores indicate worse status. The relationship between electronic and paper versions showed significant reliability for both the E-RS total score and CAT score (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.82 and 0.89, respectively; both p<0.001). However, both the E-RS total and CAT scores were significantly higher in the paper versions (p<0.05).ConclusionsIn both cases, the two versions of the same questionnaire cannot be used interchangeably even though they have both been validated.

CT-measured lung air-trapping is associated with higher carotid artery stiffness in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00580.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 125 (6) ◽

pp. 1760-1766 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel E. Luehrs ◽

John D. Newell ◽

Alejandro P. Comellas ◽

Eric A. Hoffman ◽

Kelsey Warner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Air Trapping ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Artery Stiffness

Early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by the loss and narrowing of terminal bronchioles in the lung, resulting in “air-trapping,” often occurring before overt emphysema manifests. Individuals with an airway-predominant phenotype of COPD display extensive lung air-trapping and are at greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than COPD patients with an emphysema-predominant phenotype. We hypothesized that the degree of computed tomography (CT)-quantified lung air-trapping would be associated with greater aortic and carotid artery stiffness and lower endothelial function, known biomarkers of CVD risk. Lung air-trapping was associated with greater aortic stiffness (carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV) ( r = 0.60, P = 0.007) and carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.75, P = 0.0001) among adults with ( n = 10) and without ( n = 9) a clinical diagnosis of COPD and remained significant after adjusting for blood pressure (BP) and smoking history (pack-years) (carotid β-stiffness: r = 0.68, P < 0.01; CFPWV r = 0.53, P = 0.03). The association between lung air-trapping and carotid β-stiffness remained significant after additionally adjusting for age and forced expiratory volume 1(FEV1) ( r = 0.64, P = 0.01). In the COPD group only ( n = 10), lung air-trapping remained associated with carotid β-stiffness ( r = 0.82, P = 0.05) after adjustment for age, pack-years, and FEV1. In contrast, no association was observed between CFPWV and lung air-trapping after adjustment for BP, pack-years, age, and FEV1 ( r = 0.12, P = 0.83). Lung air-trapping was not associated with endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) in the entire cohort ( P = 0.80) or in patients with COPD only ( P = 0.71). These data suggest that carotid artery stiffness may be a mechanism explaining the link between airway-predominant phenotypes of COPD and high CVD risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated greater large elastic artery stiffness and lower endothelium-dependent dilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients compared with controls. Furthermore, COPD patients with emphysema have greater aortic stiffness than non-COPD controls, and the degree of stiffness is associated with emphysema severity. The present study is the first to demonstrate that even before overt emphysema manifests, lung air-trapping is associated with carotid artery stiffness in COPD patients independent of blood pressure, age, or smoking history.

Early detection of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care patients

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1302046v ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (1-2) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marija Vukoja ◽

Predrag Rebic ◽

Zorica Lazic ◽

Marija Mitic-Milikic ◽

Branislava Milenkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Smoking History ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Primary Care Patients

Introduction. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are often unrecognized and undertreated. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in primary care patients in Serbia, and to examine the agreement between general practitioners and pulmonologists on the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Material and Methods. In this multicenter observational study, the general practitioners identified eligible patients from October 2009 to June 2010. The study included all adult patients with respiratory symptoms and/or smoking history based on structured interview. The patients were referred to a pulmonologist and underwent a diagnostic work-up, including spirometry. Results. There were 2074 patients, 38.4% men, their mean age being 54?15.5 years. The patients were mostly current (40.3%) or ex-smokers (27.4%). The common symptoms included shortness of breath (84.9%), cough (79.1%) and wheezing (64.3%). The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was confirmed by pulmonologists in 454 (21.9%) and asthma in 455 (21.9%) patients. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was newly diagnosed in 226 (10.9%) and asthma in 269 (13%) of the cases. There was a moderate agreement between the pulmonologists and general practitioners on the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (kappa 0.41, 95%CI 0.36-0.46) and asthma (kappa 0.42, 95% CI 0.37-0.465). Conclusion. A significant number of patients seen in the general practitioner?s office were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma and half of them represent new cases. A substantial proportion of patients referred to a pulmonologist by primary care physicians have been misdiagnosed.