scholarly journals Europeana Data Model in GIS for movable heritage

Geografie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina Mościcka
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Contextual Associations

The paper proposes to use European resources in GIS as a set of multi-spatial objects with semantic relations to the space. It improves the analysis and visualization of geographic or contextual associations between various items. This paper aims to integrate the Europeana Data Model with GIS for movable heritage based on semantic relations of movable objects with the space. All classes and properties of the EDM were analyzed. Classes and properties containing spatial information were examined and their semantic relations to the space were proposed. All aspects of the relations of movable heritage objects and space were taken into consideration, and examples of the GIS-based pilot resources saved with the use of EDM rules are proposed.

scholarly journals Order in Space: A General Formalism for Spatial Reasoning

1997 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 423-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baher A. El-Geresy ◽  
Alia I. Abdelmoty
Keyword(s):  
Space Dimension ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Spatial Information Systems ◽  
Connected Set ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Composition Table

In this paper we propose a general approach for reasoning in space. The approach is composed of a set of two general constraints to govern the spatial relationships between objects in space, and two rules to propagate relationships between those objects. The approach is based on a novel representation of the topology of the space as a connected set of components using a structure called adjacency matrix which can capture the topology of objects of different complexity in any space dimension. The formalism is used to explain spatial compositions resulting in indefinite and definite relations and it is shown to be applicable to reasoning in the temporal domain. The main contribution of the formalism is that it provides means for constructing composition tables for objects with arbitrary complexity in any space dimension. A new composition table between spatial objects of different types is presented. A major advantage of the method is that reasoning between objects of any complexity can be achieved in a defined limited number of steps. Hence, the incorporation of spatial reasoning mechanisms in spatial information systems becomes possible.

Ordering

2015 ◽  
pp. 586-598
Author(s):  
Sahib Jan ◽  
Angela Schwering ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Malumbo Chipofya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Constraint Networks ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Sketch Maps ◽  
Map Alignment ◽  
Street Segments ◽  
Sketch Map

Sketch maps are externalizations of cognitive maps which are typically distorted, schematized, incomplete, and generalized. Processing spatial information from sketch maps automatically requires reliable formalizations which are not subject to schematization, distortion or other cognitive effects in sketch maps. Based on previous empirical work, the authors identified different sketch aspects such as ordering, topology and orientation to align and integrate spatial information from sketch maps with metric maps qualitatively. This research addresses the question how these qualitative sketch aspects can be formalized for a computational approach for sketch map alignment. In this study, the authors focus on the ordering aspect: ordering of landmarks and street segments along routes and around junctions. The authors first investigate different qualitative representations and propose suitable representations to formalize these aspects. The proposed representations capture qualitative relations between spatial objects in the form of qualitative constraint networks. The authors then evaluate the proposed representations by testing the accuracy of qualitative constraints between sketched objects and their corresponding objects in a metric map. The results of the evaluation show that the proposed representations are suitable for the alignment of spatial objects from sketch maps with metric maps.

Geospatial Semantic Query Engine for Urban Spatial Data Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Sunitha Abburu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Semantic Query ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Query Engine ◽  
Spatial Method ◽  
User Friendly

The research aims at design and develop a special semantic query engine “CityGML Spatial Semantic Web Client (CSSWC)” that facilitates ontology-based multicriteria queries on CityGML data in OGC standard. Presently, there is no spatial method, spatial information infrastructure or any tool to establish the spatial semantic relationship between the 3D city objects in CityGML model. The present work establishes the spatial and semantic relationships between the 3DCityObjects and facilitates ontology-driven spatial semantic query engine on 3D city objects, class with multiple attributes, spatial semantic relations like crosses, nearby, etc., with all other city objects. This is a novel and original work practically implemented generic product for any 3D CityGML model on the globe. A user-friendly form-based interface is designed to compose effective ontology based GeoSPARQL query. CSSWC enhances CityGML applications performance through effective and efficient querying system.

scholarly journals Leveraging OSM and GEOBIA to Create and Update Forest Type Maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Melanie Brauchler ◽  
Johannes Stoffels
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Leaf Type

Up-to-date information about the type and spatial distribution of forests is an essential element in both sustainable forest management and environmental monitoring and modelling. The OpenStreetMap (OSM) database contains vast amounts of spatial information on natural features, including forests (landuse=forest). The OSM data model includes describing tags for its contents, i.e., leaf type for forest areas (i.e., leaf_type=broadleaved). Although the leaf type tag is common, the vast majority of forest areas are tagged with the leaf type mixed, amounting to a total area of 87% of landuse=forests from the OSM database. These areas comprise an important information source to derive and update forest type maps. In order to leverage this information content, a methodology for stratification of leaf types inside these areas has been developed using image segmentation on aerial imagery and subsequent classification of leaf types. The presented methodology achieves an overall classification accuracy of 85% for the leaf types needleleaved and broadleaved in the selected forest areas. The resulting stratification demonstrates that through approaches, such as that presented, the derivation of forest type maps from OSM would be feasible with an extended and improved methodology. It also suggests an improved methodology might be able to provide updates of leaf type to the OSM database with contributor participation.

scholarly journals Towards an Underground Utilities 3D Data Model for Land Administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingya Yan ◽  
Siow Jaw ◽  
Kean Soon ◽  
Andreas Wieser ◽  
Gerhard Schrotter
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Underground Utilities ◽  
2D Data

With the pressure of the increasing density of urban areas, some public infrastructures are moving to the underground to free up space above, such as utility lines, rail lines and roads. In the big data era, the three-dimensional (3D) data can be beneficial to understand the complex urban area. Comparing to spatial data and information of the above ground, we lack the precise and detailed information about underground infrastructures, such as the spatial information of underground infrastructure, the ownership of underground objects and the interdependence of infrastructures in the above and below ground. How can we map reliable 3D underground utility networks and use them in the land administration? First, to explain the importance of this work and find a possible solution, this paper observes the current issues of the existing underground utility database in Singapore. A framework for utility data governance is proposed to manage the work process from the underground utility data capture to data usage. This is the backbone to support the coordination of different roles in the utility data governance and usage. Then, an initial design of the 3D underground utility data model is introduced to describe the 3D geometric and spatial information about underground utility data and connect it to the cadastral parcel for land administration. In the case study, the newly collected data from mobile Ground Penetrating Radar is integrated with the existing utility data for 3D modelling. It is expected to explore the integration of new collected 3D data, the existing 2D data and cadastral information for land administration of underground utilities.

INFORMATION THEORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: A FRAMEWORK FOR ENTROPY-BASED CARTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION THEORY

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Z. Li
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Boltzmann Entropy ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Thematic Information

Abstract. Map is an effective communication means. It carries and transmits spatial information about spatial objects and phenomena, from map makers to map users. Therefore, cartography can be regarded as a communication system. Efforts has been made on the application of Shannon Information theory developed in digital communication to cartography to establish an information theory of cartography, or simply cartographic information theory (or map information theory). There was a boom during the period from later 1960s to early 1980s. Since later 1980s, researcher have almost given up the dream of establishing the information theory of cartography because they met a bottleneck problem. That is, Shannon entropy is only able to characterize the statistical information of map symbols but not capable of characterizing the spatial configuration (patterns) of map symbols. Fortunately, break-through has been made, i.e. the building of entropy models for metric and thematic information as well as a feasible computational model for Boltzmann entropy. This paper will review the evolutional processes, examine the bottleneck problems and the solutions, and finally propose a framework for the information theory of cartography. It is expected that such a theory will become the most fundamental theory of cartography in the big data era.

scholarly journals Probabilistic calibration of a Greenland Ice Sheet model using spatially resolved synthetic observations: toward projections of ice mass loss with uncertainties

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1933-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chang ◽  
P. J. Applegate ◽  
M. Haran ◽  
K. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Parametric Uncertainty ◽  
Model Parameters

Abstract. Computer models of ice sheet behavior are important tools for projecting future sea level rise. The simulated modern ice sheets generated by these models differ markedly as input parameters are varied. To ensure accurate ice sheet mass loss projections, these parameters must be constrained using observational data. Which model parameter combinations make sense, given observations? Our method assigns probabilities to parameter combinations based on how well the model reproduces the Greenland Ice Sheet profile. We improve on the previous state of the art by accounting for spatial information and by carefully sampling the full range of realistic parameter combinations, using statistically rigorous methods. Specifically, we estimate the joint posterior probability density function of model parameters using Gaussian process-based emulation and calibration. This method is an important step toward calibrated probabilistic projections of ice sheet contributions to sea level rise, in that it uses data–model fusion to learn about parameter values. This information can, in turn, be used to make projections while taking into account various sources of uncertainty, including parametric uncertainty, data–model discrepancy, and spatial correlation in the error structure. We demonstrate the utility of our method using a perfect model experiment, which shows that many different parameter combinations can generate similar modern ice sheet profiles. This result suggests that the large divergence of projections from different ice sheet models is partly due to parametric uncertainty. Moreover, our method enables insight into ice sheet processes represented by parameter interactions in the model.

Integrating Pipeline Data Management Application and Google Maps Dataset on Web Based GIS Application Using Open Source Technology Sharp Map and Open Layers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Wisianto ◽  
Hidayatus Saniya ◽  
Oki Gumilar
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Gis Application ◽  
Management Application

Development of web based GIS application often requires high cost on base map datasets and software licenses. Web based GIS Pipeline Data Management Application can be developed using the benefit of Google Maps datasets combined with available local spatial datasets resulting comprehensive spatial information. Sharp Map is an easy-to-use mapping library for use in web and desktop applications. It provides access and enables spatial querying to many types of GIS data. The engine is written in C# and based on the .Net 2.0 frameworks and provides advantages for integration with Pipeline Data Model such as PODS using .NET technology. Sharp Map enables development of WMS and web services for serving pipeline data management information on internet/intranet web based application. Open Layers is use to integrate pipelines data model and Google Maps dataset on single map display with user friendly and dynamic user interfaces. The use of Sharp Map and Open Layers creating powerful Pipeline Data Management web based GIS application by combining specific information from pipelines data model and comprehensive Google Maps satellites datasets without publishing private information from local datasets. The combination on Sharp Map, Open Layers, Google Maps datasets, and .NET technology resulting a low cost and powerful Pipeline Data Management web based GIS solution. Impact zone of the event then we can calculate their consequences and finally we can figure their risk.

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