scholarly journals Attempt on Magnification of the Mechanism of Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction through Bio-geometric Model for the Five Points Circle in the Triangular Form of Lineweaver-Burk Plot

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vitthalrao Bhimasha Khyade ◽  
Avram Hershko
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Biochemical Reaction ◽  
Double Reciprocal Plot ◽  
Triangular Form ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Point Event

The bio-geometrical model is dealing with correlation between the “five events for enzyme catalyzed reaction” and “triple point event serving groups on the circle” in triangle obtained for the graphical presentation of the double reciprocal for magnification of the mechanism of enzyme catalyzed reaction. This model is based on the nine point circle in triangle of the double reciprocal plot. The five significant points (B, D, E, F and G) resulted for the circle with x – and y – coordinates. The present attempt is considering interactions among enzymes and substrates for the successful release of product through each and every point on the circle in triangle. The controlling role of the point, “O”, center of circle in each and every event of the biochemical reaction is obligatory.  The model is allotting specific role for the significant events in the biochemical reaction catalyzed by the enzymes. The enzymatic catalysis is supposed to be completed through five events, which may be named as, “Bio-geometrical events of enzyme catalyzed reaction”. These five events for enzyme catalyzed reaction include: (1) Initial event of enzymatic interaction with the substrates; (2) Event of the first transition state for the formation of “enzyme-substrate” complex; (3) Event of the second transition state for the formation of “enzyme-product” complex; (4) Event of release of the product and relieve enzyme and (5) The event of directing the enzyme to continue the reaction. The model utilizes the “triple point serving group on the circle” for the success of each and every event in the biochemical reaction. Thus, there is involvement of the three points including the point “O” for each event in the enzyme catalyzed reaction. The group of points serving for carrying out the event may be classified into five conic sections like: B-O-E; E-O-G; G-O-D; D-O-F and F-O-B. The bio-geometrical model is correlation between the “five events for enzyme catalyzed reaction” and “triple point event serving groups on the circle” in a triangle of the double reciprocal plot.

scholarly journals A geometrical model for the evolution of spherical planetary nebulae based on thin-shell formalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150191
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Gullu ◽  
S. Habib Mazharimousavi ◽  
S. Danial Forghani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Thin Shell ◽  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Evolution Pattern ◽  
Simple Power Function ◽  
Curvature Tensors

A spherical planetary nebula is described as a geometric model. The nebula itself is considered as a thin-shell, which is visualized as a boundary of two spacetimes. The inner and outer curvature tensors of the thin-shell are found in order to get an expression of the energy-momentum tensor on the thin-shell. The energy density and pressure expressions are derived using the energy-momentum tensor. The time evolution of the radius of the thin-shell is obtained in terms of the energy density. The model is tested by using a simple power function for decreasing energy density and the evolution pattern of the planetary nebula is attained.

scholarly journals The Glory of the Past and Geometrical Concurrency

10.29007/klcl ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Prisacariu
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Geometrical Aspect ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Past ◽  
Action Refinement ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Natural Way

This paper contributes to the general understanding of the "geometrical model of concurrency" that was named higher dimensional automata (HDAs) by Pratt and van Glabbeek. In particular we provide some understanding of the modal logics for such models and their expressive power in terms of the bisimulation that can be captured.The geometric model of concurrency is interesting from two main reasons: its generality and expressiveness, and the natural way in which autoconcurrency and action refinement are captured.Logics for this model, though, are not well investigated, where a simple, yet adequate, modal logic over HDAs was only recently introduced.As this modal logic, with two existential modalities, "during" and "after", captures only split bisimulation, which is rather low in the spectrum of van Glabbeek and Vaandrager, the immediate question was what small extension of this logic could capture the more fine-grained hereditary history preserving bisimulation (hh)?In response, the work in this paper provides several insights. One is the fact that the geometrical aspect of HDAs makes it possible to use for capturing the hh-bisimulation, a standard modal logic that does not employ event variables, opposed to the two logics (over less expressive models) that we compare with. The logic that we investigate here uses standard backward-looking modalities (i.e., past modalities) and extends the previously introduced logic (called HDML) that had only forward, action-labelled, modalities.Since the direct proofs are rather intricate, we try to understand better the above issues by introducing a related model that we call ST-configuration structures, which extend the configuration structures of van Glabbeek and Plotkin. We relate this model to HDAs, and redefine and prove the earlier results in the light of this new model. These offer a different view on why the past modalities and geometrical concurrency capture the hereditary history preserving bisimulation.Additional correlating insights are also gained.

Geometric Model of the Interaction of the Grinding Wheel and Workpiece during Surface Grinding with the Periphery of a Straight Wheel

2015 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Dyakonov ◽  
Leonid V. Shipulin
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Model ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Experimental Check ◽  
Basic Parameters

Results of development of geometrical model of a shaping of a polished surface at surface grinding by the periphery of a wheel are presented in article. The developed model allows to predict a roughness of the processed surface depending on basic parameters of operation: speeds of rotation of the tool and translational motion of workpiece, wheel parameters – granularity and structure, depth of cutting and other parameters. Results of experimental check of the developed model are given in article.

scholarly journals Kinetic isotope effects reveal early transition state of protein lysine methyltransferase SET8

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (52) ◽  
pp. E8369-E8378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Linscott ◽  
Kanishk Kapilashrami ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Chamara Senevirathne ◽  
Ian R. Bothwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Kinetic Isotope Effects ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Kinetic Isotope ◽  
Steady State Kinetics ◽  
Lysine Methyltransferase

Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) catalyze the methylation of protein substrates, and their dysregulation has been linked to many diseases, including cancer. Accumulated evidence suggests that the reaction path of PKMT-catalyzed methylation consists of the formation of a cofactor(cosubstrate)–PKMT–substrate complex, lysine deprotonation through dynamic water channels, and a nucleophilic substitution (SN2) transition state for transmethylation. However, the molecular characters of the proposed process remain to be elucidated experimentally. Here we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) method and corresponding mathematic matrix to determine precisely the ratios of isotopically methylated peptides. This approach may be generally applicable for examining the kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) of posttranslational modifying enzymes. Protein lysine methyltransferase SET8 is the sole PKMT to monomethylate histone 4 lysine 20 (H4K20) and its function has been implicated in normal cell cycle progression and cancer metastasis. We therefore implemented the MS-based method to measure KIEs and binding isotope effects (BIEs) of the cofactorS-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) for SET8-catalyzed H4K20 monomethylation. A primary intrinsic13C KIE of 1.04, an inverse intrinsic α-secondary CD3KIE of 0.90, and a small but statistically significant inverse CD3BIE of 0.96, in combination with computational modeling, revealed that SET8-catalyzed methylation proceeds through an early, asymmetrical SN2 transition state with the C-N and C-S distances of 2.35–2.40 Å and 2.00–2.05 Å, respectively. This transition state is further supported by the KIEs, BIEs, and steady-state kinetics with the SAM analogSe-adenosyl-l-selenomethionine (SeAM) as a cofactor surrogate. The distinct transition states between protein methyltransferases present the opportunity to design selective transition-state analog inhibitors.

Vehicle detection and tracking for visual understanding of road environments

Robotica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo de la Escalera ◽  
Jose Maria Armingol
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Vehicle Detection And Tracking ◽  
Visual Understanding ◽  
Shadow It ◽  
Parameter Values

SUMMARYMany of the advanced driver assistance systems have the goal of perceiving the surroundings of a vehicle. One of them, adaptive cruise control, takes charge of searching for other vehicles in order to detect and track them with the aim of maintaining a safe distance and to avoid dangerous maneuvers. In the research described in this article, this task is accomplished using an on board camera. Depending on when the vehicles are detected the system analyzes movement or uses a vehicle geometrical model to perceive them. After, the detected vehicle is tracked and its behavior established. Optical flow is used for movement while the geometric model is associated with a likelihood function that includes information of the shape and symmetry of the vehicle and the shadow it casts. A genetic algorithm finds the optimum parameter values of this function for every image. As the algorithm receives information from a road detection module some geometric restrictions are applied. Additionally, a multiresolution approach is used to speed up the algorithm. Examples of real image sequences under different weather conditions are shown to validate the algorithm.

scholarly journals Geometrical Model of the Manufacturing Surface of the Equivalent Working Surface of the Fine Tooth Dolbyak

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Рязанов ◽  
S. Ryazanov ◽  
Михаил Решетников ◽  
Mihail Reshetnikov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Analytic Description ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
Working Surface

Existing mathematical models for calculating gearing are quite complex and do not always make it possible to quickly and accurately obtain the desired result. A simpler way to find a suitable gear option that satisfies the task is to use computer modeling and computer graphics methods, and in particular solid-state modeling algorithms. The use of geometric modeling techniques to simulate the process of shaping the working surface of gearing is based on the relative movement of intersecting objects in the form of a “workpiece-tool” system. This allows you to obtain the necessary geometric model that accurately reproduces the geometric configuration of the surfaces of the teeth of spatial gears, taking into account the technological features of their production on gear cutting machines. This information allows you to perform on the computer imitation control the movement of the cutting tool. Ultimately, this boils down to the problem of analytic description and computer representation of curves and surfaces in three-dimensional space. As the gear cutting tools, the most widely used are disk and worm modular mills (shaver), gear cutting heads, dolbyaki and lath tools. At the moment there are no computer algorithms for obtaining the “dolbyak” producing surfaces, which are obtained by a tool with a modified producing surface. A change in the geometric shape of the tool producing surface will lead to a change in its working surfaces, which may lead to an improvement in their contact. This article shows the application of the developed methods and algorithms of geometric and computer modeling, which are intended for shaping the working surfaces of the Dolbyak tool. Their application will speed up the process of calculating intermediate adjustments of machines used for cutting gears, bypassing complex mathematical calculations that, under conditions of aging of the gear-cutting machines, their wear and the inevitable reduction in the accuracy of their kinematic chains.

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