scholarly journals Selection of carrot cells tolerant to bensulfuron methyl and their acetolactate synthase response.

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki WATANABE ◽  
Harue HISAMITSU ◽  
Kozo ISHIZUKA
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Carrot Cells ◽  
Selection Of

Acetolactate Synthase of Suspension-Cultured Carrot Cells Resistant to Bensulfuron Methyl.

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Kenji Usui ◽  
Jun-ichi Adachi ◽  
Srisom Suwangwong ◽  
Kozo Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Carrot Cells

The Use of the Emu Promoter With Antibiotic and Herbicide Resistance Genes for the Selection of Transgenic Wheat Callus and Rice Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Chamberlain ◽  
RIS Brettell ◽  
DI Last ◽  
B Witrzens ◽  
D Mcelroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Selectable Marker Genes ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Blot Hybridisation ◽  
Wheat Callus ◽  
Selection Of

Coding sequences of selectable marker genes were introduced into a plasmid containing the Emu promoter sequence which drives high levels of expression in cereal cells. The selectable markers were those coding for the enzymes neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT*) for kanamycin resistance, hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) for hygromycin resistance, phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) for resistance to the herbicidal compound phosphinothricin, and a mutant acetolactate synthase (ALS) for resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. Plasmid DNAs were introduced into wheat and rice protoplasts by electroporation. Wheat protoplast-derived callus lines producing NPT and PAT were selected with kanamycin and phosphinothricin respectively. Wheat callus transformed with the gene coding for the mutant ALS was selected with sulfometuron methyl following the bombardment of suspension cultures with DNA-coated microparticles. With rice, transformed plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived cultures selected with kanamycin and hygromycin. Integration of the introduced DNA in transformed rice plants was confirmed by gel blot hybridisation, and significant levels of the NPT enzyme were measured by ELISA in leaves of the primary transformants as well as in leaves, seeds and roots of progeny plants. The results confirm that efficient selection of transformed cereal cultures and plants can be achieved by using selectable genes linked to the Emu promoter.

scholarly journals CROSS-RESISTANCE OF RICE FLATSEDGE TO ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. CHIAPINOTTO ◽  
C.E. SCHAEDLER ◽  
J.P.S. FERNANDES ◽  
A. ANDRES ◽  
F.P. LAMEGO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Experiment ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Cyperus iria (CYPIR) is one of the main weeds in irrigated rice crops. The intense chemical control with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides favors the selection of cross-resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the crossresistance of CYPIR to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul. Two experiments arranged in a factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replications were conducted. Experiment I consisted of resistant (CYPIR-R) and susceptible (CYPIR-S) biotypes and ALS-inhibiting herbicide doses: imazethapyr (106 g a.i. ha-1); pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (20 g a.i. ha-1); penoxsulam (36 g a.i. ha-1) and, as an alternative herbicide, bentazone (960 g a.i. ha-1); corresponding to 0; 1/16; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 1; 2; 4; 8 and 16x (x = maximum registered dose). Experiment II followed the same procedures, with doses of 0; 1/64; 1/32; 1/16; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 1 and 2x for CYPIR-S and 0; 1/2; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; 64 and 128x for CYPIR-R; including bispyribac-sodium (50 g a.i. ha-1). The variables evaluated were: visual control at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatments (DAT) and shoot dry matter (SDM) at 28 DAT. The results, fitted by nonlinear regression, show varied and high levels of cross-resistance of CYPIR-R to ALS-inhibiting herbicides from the group of imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, triazolopyrimidines and pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates. Bentazone can be used as an alternative herbicide, however, not exclusively in the control of this biotype.

scholarly journals Selection of Plant Materials and Inhibitors of Acetolactate Synthase.

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Masanobu Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of Bensulfuron Methyl-Tolerant Rice Cells and Their Acetolactate Synthase Response.

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobkiat Sengnil ◽  
Kenji Usui ◽  
Kozo Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Induced mutations in crop plants at Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret”: mutants of scientific and/or agronomic interest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Alejandra Landau
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Plastome Mutants ◽  
Selection Of

The use of induced mutations techniques in crop plants at Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (IGEAF) INTA, started in 1949, with the pioneer work of Ewald Favret, who studied the effects of physical and chemical mutagens on barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). IGEAF contributed with several novel results about the effects of important chemical mutagens such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and sodium azide, and their interactions with X-rays, on barley and wheat. During several decades, a good deal of the research was directed to study the relationship between the different effects of mutagenic treatments on the M1 and subsequent generations, and its implications for efficient selection of induced mutants. Many original barley and wheat mutants have been isolated at IGEAF, which early on contributed to elucidate the genetic basis of characters like the hormonal control of growth, the grain protein content and diseases reactions. Besides, several other novel mutants were isolated and characterized including genetically unstable mutants, which are able to originate new heritable variability. One of these mutants is the barley chloroplast mutator (cpm) from which some interesting mutants have been isolated. Moreover, a high throughput strategy for the screening of plastome mutants originated by the cpm was developed (cpTILLING) that allowed the detection of 61 different mutational events, showing the cpm as an extraordinary source of plastome mutants. On the other hand, protocols for direct selection of wheat mutants tolerant to drought were developed and promising advanced lines are at present investigated. Furthermore, a mutant allele of the AHAS (acetolactate synthase) gene in wheat conferring imidazolinones herbicides tolerance, was isolated. The incorporation of this allele to other genetic backgrounds showed increased levels of tolerance, which in one family were observed in association with increased Fusarium tolerance. In addition to the work done in barley and wheat, interactions with several breeding programs in other crops were carried out. Finally, some commercial achievements of INTA obtained by using induced mutations techniques are briefly described; being the most important the case of the INTA rice (Oryza sativa) breeding program for developing imidazolinones tolerant commercial varieties that in recent years covered 70% of the irrigated rice area in Latin America.

scholarly journals In vitro selection of transgenic sugarcane callus utilizing a plant gene encoding a mutant form of acetolactate synthase

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christell van der Vyver ◽  
Tobie Conradie ◽  
Jens Kossmann ◽  
James Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Plant Gene ◽  
Transgenic Sugarcane ◽  
Selection Of

Lessons Learned From the History of Herbicide Resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Triazine Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of herbicide-resistant weed populations began with the introduction of synthetic herbicides in the late 1940s. For the first 20 years after introduction, there were limited reported cases of herbicide-resistant weeds. This changed in 1968 with the discovery of triazine-resistant common groundsel. Over the next 15 yr, the cases of herbicide-resistant weeds increased, primarily to triazine herbicides. Although triazine resistance was widespread, the resistant biotypes were highly unfit and were easily controlled with specific alternative herbicides. Weed scientists presumed that this would be the case for future herbicide-resistant cases and thus there was not much concern, although the companies affected by triazine resistance were somewhat active in trying to detect and manage resistance. It was not until the late 1980s with the discovery of resistance to Acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors that herbicide resistance attracted much more attention, particularly from industry. The rapid evolution of resistance to these classes of herbicides affected many companies, who responded by first establishing working groups to address resistance to specific classes of herbicides, and then by formation of the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC). The goal of these groups, in cooperation with academia and governmental agencies, was to act as a forum for the exchange of information on herbicide-resistance selection and to develop guidelines for managing resistance. Despite these efforts, herbicide resistance continued to increase. The introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops in the 1995 provided a brief respite from herbicide resistance, and farmers rapidly adopted this relatively simple and reliable weed management system based on glyphosate. There were many warnings from academia and some companies that the glyphosate-resistant crop system was not sustainable, but this advice was not heeded. The selection of glyphosate resistant weeds dramatically changed weed management and renewed emphasis on herbicide resistance management. To date, the lesson learned from our experience with herbicide resistance is that no herbicide is invulnerable to selecting for resistant biotypes, and that over-reliance on a weed management system based solely on herbicides is not sustainable. Hopefully we have learned that a diverse weed management program that combines multiple methods is the only system that will work for the long term.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document