scholarly journals Selection of Plant Materials and Inhibitors of Acetolactate Synthase.

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Masanobu Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric indicators of the stability of anthocyanin-containing extracts depending on the color of plant materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mikhailovich Koldaev ◽  
Artem Yurevich Manyakhin ◽  
Petr Semenovich Zorikov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Violet Color ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Factor Coefficient ◽  
Anthocyanin Degradation

AbstractThis paper aims at spectrophotometric determination of changes in stability of extractable anthocyanins during drying of plant materials depending on their color. Raw and dried colored parts of 50 plant species from 25 families were used for the study. The extracts were prepared over 95% ethanol acidified with hydrochloric acid (pH ~ 1). The absorption spectra were registered within the range of 210 to 680 nm. The extinction variability factor, coefficient of intensity absorption relative and generalized stability factor were used to determine the anthocyanin degradation. The highest values of the stability factor were obtained for the extracts from fruit shells of burgundy or violet color within the range of 0.934±0.024 to 0.973±0.024, while the extracts from flower petals of the same care featured the stability factor that was 1.19 to 1.44 times less. The values of the stability factor of the extracts from black, red and blue materials are 1.15 to 1.19 times, 1.74 to 2.48 times and 4.65 to 4.84 times less respectively than those of the extracts from violet-burgundy materials. It is appropriate to apply the spectrophotometric factors of anthocyanins stability used in this study to selection of promising plants for industrial cultivation as material of anthocyanin-containing herbal preparations. The most stable anthocyanins are those of burgundy-purple and black fruits.

scholarly journals Honokiol and Magnolol Production by in vitro Micropropagated Plants of Magnolia dealbata, an Endangered Endemic Mexican Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Domínguez ◽  
Marco Chávez ◽  
María Luisa Garduño-Ramírez ◽  
Víctor M. Chávez-Avila ◽  
Martín Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Magnolia Dealbata ◽  
Selection Of

An efficient protocol for the in vitro propagation of Magnolia dealbata Zucc., an important medicinal plant that is the source of the anxiolytic and anticancer compounds honokiol and magnolol, was established. This plant is wild-crafted, and conservationists have expressed concerns with regard to the sustainability of production. In the present work, two factors were found to be of importance for the regeneration of M. dealbata and the production of honokiol and magnolol. These factors were the type of explants and the combination and concentration of plant-growth regulators. Green, compact, nodular organogenic callus was obtained from leaf explants in a medium fortified with Murashige and Skoog salts and supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid and 1.5 mg/L kinetin. Shoot multiplication from callus cultures was achieved in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.5 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). Phenol secretion was controlled by the addition of 250 mg/L of activated charcoal. For rooting, shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with several auxins. After root induction, the plants were hardened in earthen pots containing sand, soil, and vermiculite. The contents of honokiol (HK) and magnolol (MG) were determined in different plant materials by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection techniques. This analysis revealed that the honokiol and magnolol content in aerial and underground parts of micropropagated M. dealbata were higher than that observed in wild plants (both 6 months old). Our results suggest that conservation of M. dealbata is possible by means of in vitro multiplication of leaf-derived callus. The usefulness of M. dealbata regeneration and production of HK and MG may be attributed to the proper selection of explant sourcing and identification of the correct growth medium to support adequate growth. This careful selection of explants and growth medium leads to a very useful source of plant material for pharmacological and phytomedicinal screening applications and, above all, would safeguard this plant species from the threat of extinction.

scholarly journals Dating Historical Contexts: Issues, Plant Material, and Methods to Date the Late Roman Site of Faragola, Apulia (SE Italy)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 679-690
Author(s):  
V Caracuta ◽  
G Fiorentino ◽  
M Turchiano ◽  
G Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Macrobotanical Remains ◽  
Short Lifecycle ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Absolute Basis ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Late Roman

Charred plant materials found in archaeological contexts are usually considered the most reliable remains for radiocarbon dating. Usually, seeds and fruits are preferred to wood fragments because their short lifecycle reduces the range of uncertainty of the14C measurement. A selection of short-lived samples, mainly from barley and wheat, from the Late Roman site of Faragola (SE Italy) were14C dated; however, the14C dates obtained were not always consistent with the chronology provided by other archaeological evidence. A careful analysis of all the macrobotanical remains found in each of the dated contexts provides insight into the origin of the plant material, helping to distinguish betweenin situand non-in situmaterial. The14C dates are reconsidered in the context of findings and the kind of material selected for dating. Using the archaeological context, a Bayesian model was employed to reduce the range of the calibrated date and thereby refine the chronology of the site on an absolute basis.

scholarly journals Selection of carrot cells tolerant to bensulfuron methyl and their acetolactate synthase response.

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki WATANABE ◽  
Harue HISAMITSU ◽  
Kozo ISHIZUKA
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Carrot Cells ◽  
Selection Of

Vacuum Sublimation Cleanup Procedure for Pesticide Residue Analysis

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Richard P Farrow ◽  
Edgar R Elkins ◽  
Lowrie M Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residue Analysis ◽  
Vacuum Sublimation ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Chromatographic Columns ◽  
Cleanup Procedure ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Vacuum sublimation at pressures less than 2 μ and at a temperature of 85°C has been used as a cleanup method to prepare pesticide residue extracts for detection and estimation by gas-liquid chromatography. Most of the 35 pesticide compounds tested could be sublimed from spinach and other food product extractives in analytically useful amounts. Gas chromatographic columns used on these sublimates performed well for long periods before becoming contaminated with plant materials. Some materials can be cleaned up sufficiently for thinlayer or paper chromatography, but in most instances supplementary cleanup is required before these methods can be applied to sublimates. In two years of use on a number of sample materials, vacuum sublimation proved to be a useful addition to the selection of cleanup methods available for residue analysis.

scholarly journals Dating Historical Contexts: Issues, Plant Material, and Methods to Date the Late Roman Site of Faragola, Apulia (SE Italy)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Caracuta ◽  
G Fiorentino ◽  
M Turchiano ◽  
G Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Macrobotanical Remains ◽  
Short Lifecycle ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Absolute Basis ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Late Roman

Charred plant materials found in archaeological contexts are usually considered the most reliable remains for radiocarbon dating. Usually, seeds and fruits are preferred to wood fragments because their short lifecycle reduces the range of uncertainty of the14C measurement. A selection of short-lived samples, mainly from barley and wheat, from the Late Roman site of Faragola (SE Italy) were14C dated; however, the14C dates obtained were not always consistent with the chronology provided by other archaeological evidence. A careful analysis of all the macrobotanical remains found in each of the dated contexts provides insight into the origin of the plant material, helping to distinguish betweenin situand non-in situmaterial. The14C dates are reconsidered in the context of findings and the kind of material selected for dating. Using the archaeological context, a Bayesian model was employed to reduce the range of the calibrated date and thereby refine the chronology of the site on an absolute basis.

The Use of the Emu Promoter With Antibiotic and Herbicide Resistance Genes for the Selection of Transgenic Wheat Callus and Rice Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Chamberlain ◽  
RIS Brettell ◽  
DI Last ◽  
B Witrzens ◽  
D Mcelroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Selectable Marker Genes ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Blot Hybridisation ◽  
Wheat Callus ◽  
Selection Of

Coding sequences of selectable marker genes were introduced into a plasmid containing the Emu promoter sequence which drives high levels of expression in cereal cells. The selectable markers were those coding for the enzymes neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT*) for kanamycin resistance, hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) for hygromycin resistance, phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) for resistance to the herbicidal compound phosphinothricin, and a mutant acetolactate synthase (ALS) for resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. Plasmid DNAs were introduced into wheat and rice protoplasts by electroporation. Wheat protoplast-derived callus lines producing NPT and PAT were selected with kanamycin and phosphinothricin respectively. Wheat callus transformed with the gene coding for the mutant ALS was selected with sulfometuron methyl following the bombardment of suspension cultures with DNA-coated microparticles. With rice, transformed plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived cultures selected with kanamycin and hygromycin. Integration of the introduced DNA in transformed rice plants was confirmed by gel blot hybridisation, and significant levels of the NPT enzyme were measured by ELISA in leaves of the primary transformants as well as in leaves, seeds and roots of progeny plants. The results confirm that efficient selection of transformed cereal cultures and plants can be achieved by using selectable genes linked to the Emu promoter.

scholarly journals CROSS-RESISTANCE OF RICE FLATSEDGE TO ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. CHIAPINOTTO ◽  
C.E. SCHAEDLER ◽  
J.P.S. FERNANDES ◽  
A. ANDRES ◽  
F.P. LAMEGO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Experiment ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Cyperus iria (CYPIR) is one of the main weeds in irrigated rice crops. The intense chemical control with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides favors the selection of cross-resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the crossresistance of CYPIR to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul. Two experiments arranged in a factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replications were conducted. Experiment I consisted of resistant (CYPIR-R) and susceptible (CYPIR-S) biotypes and ALS-inhibiting herbicide doses: imazethapyr (106 g a.i. ha-1); pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (20 g a.i. ha-1); penoxsulam (36 g a.i. ha-1) and, as an alternative herbicide, bentazone (960 g a.i. ha-1); corresponding to 0; 1/16; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 1; 2; 4; 8 and 16x (x = maximum registered dose). Experiment II followed the same procedures, with doses of 0; 1/64; 1/32; 1/16; 1/8; 1/4; 1/2; 1 and 2x for CYPIR-S and 0; 1/2; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; 64 and 128x for CYPIR-R; including bispyribac-sodium (50 g a.i. ha-1). The variables evaluated were: visual control at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatments (DAT) and shoot dry matter (SDM) at 28 DAT. The results, fitted by nonlinear regression, show varied and high levels of cross-resistance of CYPIR-R to ALS-inhibiting herbicides from the group of imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, triazolopyrimidines and pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates. Bentazone can be used as an alternative herbicide, however, not exclusively in the control of this biotype.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF ACTIVE YEAST STRAINS FOR FERMENTED BEVERAGES FROM PLANT MATERIALS

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
A.A. Saparbekova ◽  
◽  
A.S. Latif ◽  
Z.R. Ahmedova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Watermelon Juice ◽  
Selection Of

Fresh juices obtained under sterile conditions, including pomegranate juice, cherries, cherries, red grapes, watermelon juice, beetroot juice, sugar cargo, as well as flushes from the surface of juice-containing berries growing in the Turkestan region were used as sources of yeast cultures. Of 180 isolated yeast species, the majority are Saccharomyces - 159, 71 pure cultures are the most typical for the region and suitable for fermentation. A subsequent study of the morphological characteristics of cells, physiological and biochemical properties, clarification of antagonistic activity, and resistance to antibiotics made it possible for further selection of strains. The most highly active and appropriate by technological parameters were selected: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Al-06 (from grapes), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gl -8 (from sugar sorghum juice) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Az-12 (from pomegranate juice). Thus, the analyzes showed the possibility of using plant materials not only as freshly squeezed juice of pomegranate, cherry, grape, watermelon juice, sugar cargo, but also as sources of active yeast.

The Selection of Plant Materials for Street Trees, Park Trees and Urban Woodland

2005 ◽  
pp. 257-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Sæbø ◽  
Želimir Borzan ◽  
Catherine Ducatillion ◽  
Athanassios Hatzistathis ◽  
Thomas Lagerström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Street Trees ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Urban Woodland ◽  
Selection Of
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