Induced mutations in crop plants at Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret”: mutants of scientific and/or agronomic interest

The use of induced mutations techniques in crop plants at Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (IGEAF) INTA, started in 1949, with the pioneer work of Ewald Favret, who studied the effects of physical and chemical mutagens on barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). IGEAF contributed with several novel results about the effects of important chemical mutagens such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and sodium azide, and their interactions with X-rays, on barley and wheat. During several decades, a good deal of the research was directed to study the relationship between the different effects of mutagenic treatments on the M1 and subsequent generations, and its implications for efficient selection of induced mutants. Many original barley and wheat mutants have been isolated at IGEAF, which early on contributed to elucidate the genetic basis of characters like the hormonal control of growth, the grain protein content and diseases reactions. Besides, several other novel mutants were isolated and characterized including genetically unstable mutants, which are able to originate new heritable variability. One of these mutants is the barley chloroplast mutator (cpm) from which some interesting mutants have been isolated. Moreover, a high throughput strategy for the screening of plastome mutants originated by the cpm was developed (cpTILLING) that allowed the detection of 61 different mutational events, showing the cpm as an extraordinary source of plastome mutants. On the other hand, protocols for direct selection of wheat mutants tolerant to drought were developed and promising advanced lines are at present investigated. Furthermore, a mutant allele of the AHAS (acetolactate synthase) gene in wheat conferring imidazolinones herbicides tolerance, was isolated. The incorporation of this allele to other genetic backgrounds showed increased levels of tolerance, which in one family were observed in association with increased Fusarium tolerance. In addition to the work done in barley and wheat, interactions with several breeding programs in other crops were carried out. Finally, some commercial achievements of INTA obtained by using induced mutations techniques are briefly described; being the most important the case of the INTA rice (Oryza sativa) breeding program for developing imidazolinones tolerant commercial varieties that in recent years covered 70% of the irrigated rice area in Latin America.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Direct selection of human genomic loci by microarray hybridization.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1097042.554059 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Schmitt

Keyword(s):

Direct Selection ◽

Microarray Hybridization ◽

Human Genomic ◽

Selection Of

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Evaluation of Large-Sunflower Lines of Sunflower on Quantitative Morphological Traits

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS ◽

10.36710/ioc-2020-29-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-55

Keyword(s):

Fertility Restoration ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Oilseed Crops ◽

Turkish Origin ◽

Self Pollination ◽

Special Area ◽

Pericarp Color ◽

Selection For ◽

Selection Of

Confectionery sunflower - a special area of use of sunflower, which requires the creation of marketable seeds quality features. One of the possible ways to create large-fruited sunflower is to create production hybrids and lines. Objective: to evaluate the created new large-fruited sunflower lines by a complex of morphological characters and determine the best lines for use as large-seeds hybrids as parent components or source material. In 2016-2019 years on the basis of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS a study was conducted to assess the economic characteristics of large-fruited sunflower lines. We studied a collection of 27 lines of large-seeds sources. The lines were created by direct selection or crossing and sampling: Reyny of Argentinean origin, Zaporizhzhya confectionery variety, confectionery hybrid with striped pericarp color of Israeli origin, white seed of Turkish origin, synthetic population - donor of complex resistance. To study from the collection, lines were drawn that went through at least 7 generations with selection for seed size. Experience has shown that the shortest growing season for lines 174d and KP11 was 99 days, and the longest for lines I2K670 was 109 days. In the studied collection, the greatest mass of 1000 seeds has the KP11-146.47g line, which is the mother component and does not have branching. The second by weight of 1000 seeds (109 g) stood out line 168v, which also had branches and pollen fertility restoration genes and will be used as the paternal form. The third largest is also one basket line ZKN51-100. The collection included lines originating from the same combination, but with a different morphotype for the presence and absence of branching. So, based on the combination of KP11 x Zaporizhzhya Confectionery, three lines were obtained. A mass of 1000 seeds was observed in 98-86 g, with the branching line having the largest mass of 1000 seeds. The lines created with one combination VK678 x ZKN32: with a branch 168a had a mass of 1000 seeds 95g, and a line 168b - without a branch 109 g. Of the two lines obtained from the descendants of the combination KP11 x the striped hybrid both had branches, but the seeds were much smaller (weight of 1000 seeds 59 and 79 g). The collection also studied samples created on the basis of varieties and populations 160c, 174, 175b, the mass of 1000 seeds of which turned out to be more acceptable for large-fruited use from 83 to 99 g. Summing up the results of studying the collection of newly created lines, we can highlight the lines 162d, 168v, 175b, KP11 that are potentially promising for use in hybrids. The selections showed that large-fruited lines can be obtained from large-fruited varieties, self-pollination of large-fruited hybrids and crossing lines with hybrids and varieties. Self-pollination and selection of large-fruited lines in several generations does not provide the necessary variability for positive changes in selections. The result of the selection by weight of 1000 seeds in the offspring from crosses and from populations creates opportunities for new large-seeds sunflower.

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Positive Selection of Novel Peroxisome Biogenesis-Defective Mutants of the Yeast Pichia pastoris

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/151.4.1379 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 151 (4) ◽

pp. 1379-1391

Author(s):

Monique A Johnson ◽

Hans R Waterham ◽

Galyna P Ksheminska ◽

Liubov R Fayura ◽

Joan Lin Cereghino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pichia Pastoris ◽

Allyl Alcohol ◽

Alcohol Oxidase ◽

Methylotrophic Yeast ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Toxic Exposure ◽

Peroxisome Biogenesis ◽

Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽

Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽

Selection Of

Abstract We have developed two novel schemes for the direct selection of peroxisome-biogenesis-defective (pex) mutants of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Both schemes take advantage of our observation that methanol-induced pex mutants contain little or no alcohol oxidase (AOX) activity. AOX is a peroxisomal matrix enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the methanol-utilization pathway. One scheme utilizes allyl alcohol, a compound that is not toxic to cells but is oxidized by AOX to acrolein, a compound that is toxic. Exposure of mutagenized populations of AOX-induced cells to allyl alcohol selectively kills AOX-containing cells. However, pex mutants without AOX are able to grow. The second scheme utilizes a P. pastoris strain that is defective in formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD), a methanol pathway enzyme required to metabolize formaldehyde, the product of AOX. AOX-induced cells of fld1 strains are sensitive to methanol because of the accumulation of formaldehyde. However, fld1 pex mutants, with little active AOX, do not efficiently oxidize methanol to formaldehyde and therefore are not sensitive to methanol. Using these selections, new pex mutant alleles in previously identified PEX genes have been isolated along with mutants in three previously unidentified PEX groups.

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Selection strategies in agronomic characters in progenies F3:4 of transgenic soy RR

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202145012421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Regina Tiago Carneiro ◽

Osvaldo Toshiyuki Hamawaki ◽

Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira ◽

Arthur Felipe Eustáquio e Silva ◽

Raphael Lemes Hamawaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Selection Strategies ◽

Aggregate Information ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Indexes ◽

Total Gain ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT The selection indexes aggregate information to multiple characters and, with this, they are able to carry out the selection of a set of variables simultaneously. The objective was to verify the genetic potential of agronomic traits and to select soybean F3:4 progenies based on different selection strategies. 123 progenies and the parents were sown in randomized blocks with two replications. The gains of direct selection by the indexes, the sum of “ranks” and the genotype-ideotype were lower for all characters when compared to the gains of direct and indirect selection. The rank sum index stood out for achieving the highest total gain with 37.11%. The index of the genotype-ideotype obtained a lower gain (-0.48%) for the character number of days for flowering compared to the sum index of “ranks” (-0.54%) and reached a negative gain for the attribute insertion height of the first pod with -1.82%. The genetic potential of the F3:4 population is high and allows different selection strategies to be applied to reach superior genotypes. The progenies UFU 72, UFU 116, UFU 86, UFU 45, UFU 117, UFU 56, UFU 5, UFU 106, UFU 6, UFU 4, UFU 73, UFU 101, UFU 96, UFU 90, UFU 123, UFU 116, UFU 88, UFU 65, UFU 70, UFU 3, UFU 69 and UFU 37 were selected by both selection indexes. The UFU 72, UFU 90, UFU 88 and UFU 69 progenies are agronomically superior both in direct and indirect selection, as in Mulamba and Mock (1978) sum of “ranks” selections and genotype-ideotype.

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Integral approach of assessment of interaction level of stakeholders of construction enterprises

International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.21833/ijaas.2021.11.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Marusheva et al. ◽

Keyword(s):

Integrated System ◽

Integral Approach ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Expert Assessment ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Construction Enterprise ◽

Construction Enterprises ◽

Integral Assessment ◽

And Control ◽

Selection Of

This article is devoted to issues of interaction of stakeholders of construction enterprises. First of all, the peculiarities of the construction industry are defined, which form additional requirements for the development of an integrated system for assessing interaction with stakeholders. Second, approaches to the formation of a register of potential stakeholders have been identified. A template for analysis has been developed, and individual examples are grouped by interaction directions. The methodology of identifying potential stakeholders by means of a three-level process of applying different versions of expert assessment methods in order to minimize their negative factor – subjectivity, is proposed. Methods of direct selection of experts and algorithms of their assessment are defined. Proposals to rank stakeholders according to their priority and potential result from their interaction with the construction enterprise have been developed. According to the integral assessment, ways of controlling the processes of interaction with stakeholders of different ranking levels are proposed, recommendations for building a further strategy for managing these processes are given. A system of modeling interaction between construction enterprises and stakeholders to ensure planning, organization, monitoring, and control processes in optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic scenarios has been created. Recommendations for further use of the methodology of integral assessment of the interaction of stakeholders of construction enterprises in practice are given.

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Validation of a stable recombinant antibodies repertoire for the direct selection of functional intracellular reagents

Journal of Immunological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jim.2007.09.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 329 (1-2) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maria Elena Villani ◽

Mariasole Di Carli ◽

Marcello Donini ◽

Giorgio Traversini ◽

Chiara Lico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Antibodies ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Selection Of

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Problems of amenity grass seed production in New Zealand

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.1.1979.3291 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

L. Corkill ◽

W. Rumball

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Seed Production ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Usual Practice ◽

Grass Seed ◽

Breeding Management ◽

Selection For ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Selection Of

The problems of seed production of amenity grasses in New Zealand are considered from two aspects - (a) increasing seed potential by breeding; (b) achieving that potential by good management as practised in the Netherlands, (a) In terms of breeding, the strategies to increase seed yield depended to some degree on the species concerned. With browntop it was necessary to discard about two-thirds of the most promising genotypes because of poor heading, but the remaining genotypes flowered freely and in unison, and gave good seed yields. With fescue even the best original plants were sparsely heading, so direct selection for prolificacy has been needed. This was also carried out for perennial ryegrass, as well as selection of early-heading genotypes to avoid infection by stem rust. (b) It is suggested that areas for seed of amenity grasses in New Zealand should be used for seed production only rather than for both forage and seed as is the usual practice. Techniques used in the Netherlands could serve as guidelines to procedures. The implications of low seeding rates, good weed control, high fertilizer applications and minimum cutting or grazing in promoting strong individual plants capable of high seed yields are discussed. Keywords: Amenity grass, seed production, New Zealand, breeding, management, Netherlands, Agrostis tenuis, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne

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Evolution of Microbial Growth Traits Under Serial Dilution

Genetics ◽

10.1534/genetics.120.303149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 215 (3) ◽

pp. 767-777

Author(s):

Jie Lin ◽

Michael Manhart ◽

Ariel Amir

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Lag Time ◽

Microbial Evolution ◽

Serial Dilution ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Dilution Factor ◽

Beneficial Mutation ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

Selection Of

Selection of mutants in a microbial population depends on multiple cellular traits. In serial-dilution evolution experiments, three key traits are the lag time when transitioning from starvation to growth, the exponential growth rate, and the yield (number of cells per unit resource). Here, we investigate how these traits evolve in laboratory evolution experiments using a minimal model of population dynamics, where the only interaction between cells is competition for a single limiting resource. We find that the fixation probability of a beneficial mutation depends on a linear combination of its growth rate and lag time relative to its immediate ancestor, even under clonal interference. The relative selective pressure on growth rate and lag time is set by the dilution factor; a larger dilution factor favors the adaptation of growth rate over the adaptation of lag time. The model shows that yield, however, is under no direct selection. We also show how the adaptation speeds of growth and lag depend on experimental parameters and the underlying supply of mutations. Finally, we investigate the evolution of covariation between these traits across populations, which reveals that the population growth rate and lag time can evolve a nonzero correlation even if mutations have uncorrelated effects on the two traits. Altogether these results provide useful guidance to future experiments on microbial evolution.

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Discovery of mutations in Chenopodium quinoa Willd through EMS mutagenesis and mutation screening using pre-selection phenotypic data and next-generation sequencing

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859619000182 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 (10) ◽

pp. 1196-1204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camilo Mestanza ◽

Ricardo Riegel ◽

Santiago C. Vásquez ◽

Diana Veliz ◽

Nicolás Cruz-Rosero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Mutation Screening ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Next Generation ◽

Induced Mutations ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

Generation Sequencing

AbstractQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld) is a dicotyledonous annual species belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, which is nutritionally well balanced in terms of its oil, protein and carbohydrate content. Targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (the TILLING strategy) was employed to find mutations in acetolactate synthase (AHAS) genes in a mutant quinoa population. TheAHASgenes were targeted because they are common enzyme target sites for five herbicide groups. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) was used to induce mutations in theAHASgenes; it was found that 2% EMS allowed a mutation frequency of one mutation every 203 kilobases to be established. In the mutant population created, a screening strategy using pre-selection phenotypic data and next-generation sequencing (NGS) allowed identification of a mutation that alters the amino acid composition of this species (nucleotide 1231 codon GTT→ATT, Val→Ile); however, this mutation did not result in herbicide resistance. The current work shows that TILLING combined with the high-throughput of NGS technologies and an overlapping pool design provides an efficient and economical method for detecting induced mutations in pools of individuals.

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