Relationship of Anatomical Structure and Lignin Metabolism with Lodging Resistance of Culm in Buckwheat

The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.

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Relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) in a rainforest zone

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600044130 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 429-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

H. A. Esechie

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Basal Section ◽

Basal Internode ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Rainforest Zone

SummaryField and laboratory studies were carried out in 1981 and 1982 to investigate the relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize in the rainforest zone of Nigeria.Morphological characters correlated with lodging were plant height, diameter and length of basal internode, thickness of rind and weight of 5 cm basal section. Lodging was negatively correlated with grain yield, and with the percentages of total nonstructural carbohydrate, protein and potassium in the stalks. Premature stalk senescence and rot were common in varieties susceptible to lodging. Lodging had no relationship with leaf area and number of days from sowing to flowering.

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Effects of uniconazole on the lignin metabolism and lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2015.05.009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 180 ◽

pp. 46-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Can Wang ◽

Dan Hu ◽

Xingbei Liu ◽

Hengzhi She ◽

Renwu Ruan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Common Buckwheat ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Lignin Metabolism

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Observations on nasal symptoms: relationship of the anatomical structure of the nose to psychological symptoms

Psychiatric Quarterly ◽

10.1007/bf01564353 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 30 (1-4) ◽

pp. 375-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marc H. Hollender

Keyword(s):

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Nasal Symptoms ◽

Relationship Of

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Relationship of Stalk Morphology and Chemical Composition to Lodging Resistance in Sorghum 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183x001700040032x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 609-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

H. A. Esechie ◽

J. W. Maranville ◽

W. M. Ross

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Relationship Of

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On the relation of the liver cells to the blood-vessels and lymphatics

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1906.0075 ◽

1906 ◽

Vol 78 (527) ◽

pp. 455-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Bile Ducts ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Endothelial Lining ◽

Peculiar Form ◽

Cast Doubt ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The description by Schäfer (55) of a network of fine channels in the cells of the liver of the rabbit and cat which can be filled with injection material from the blood-vessels, and the confirmation of his observations in the livers of other animals as the result of our own experiments (26), have opened up several important questions concerning the minute anatomical structure of the liver. The presence of intracellular channels in the liver cells communicating with the blood-vessels is difficult to reconcile with the generally accepted views on the relations of the blood-vessels and lymphatics to the liver cells. Of late years several observers (Browicz (8), Schäfer (55)), have cast doubt on the presence of perivascular lymphatics in the liver lobules, and have suggested a direct supply of blood plasma from the vessels to the interior of the liver cells without interposition of lymph spaces. That the walls of the capillary blood-vessels of the liver possess a peculiar form of endothelial lining has been long recognised (Kupffer (37), Ranvier (50), and others). More recently Minot (45), from a study of the development of the liver vessels, has concluded that they are not true capillaries which have grown into the organ, but “sinusoids” which have been formed by a growth of the liver blastema into a large blood sinus, which, although having the appearance of capillaries, are actually spaces between the columns of liver cells lined by cells of an embryonic character. To resolve the question of the relationship of the blood lymph to the liver cells, we have in many kinds of animals injected the bile ducts in a number of animals and have further examined sections of liver with the same material. We have also injected the bile ducts in a number of animals and have further examined sections of liver stained by special methods. The results of our observations are recorded in this paper.

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Relationship between Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance in Wheat

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2011.01616 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 1616-1622 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Xiao-Guang CHEN ◽

Chun-Yu SHI ◽

Yan-Ping YIN ◽

Zhen-Lin WANG ◽

Yu-Hua SHI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lodging Resistance ◽

Lignin Metabolism

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Effects of uniconazole or ethephon foliar application on culm mechanical strength and lignin metabolism, and their relationship with lodging resistance in winter wheat

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp19149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irshad Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Kamran ◽

Ziyan Guo ◽

Xiangping Meng ◽

Shahzad Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Breaking Strength ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Basal Internode ◽

Lignin Metabolism

Lodging in plants is an important constraint that leads to yield losses and cause problems with mechanical harvesting. This research was aimed at determining the effects of foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon on lignin metabolism, characteristics of second basal internode and their relationship with lodging resistance in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In separate experiments, uniconazole was sprayed on the foliage at concentrations of 0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L–1, and ethephon at concentrations of 0, 50, 75 and 100 mg L–1 at the four-leaf stage. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon significantly reduced the lodging rate by increasing the lignin content and optimising basal-internode characteristics. Lignin content was significantly positively correlated with breaking strength, and negatively correlated with lodging rate, whereby the higher lignin content in the second basal internode significantly improved the lodging resistance and reduced the lodging rate in the wheat crop. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon also increased the breaking strength, internode diameter, wall thickness and internode plumpness of the second basal internode; maximum values were obtained with uniconazole at 30 mg L–1 and with ethephon at 75 mg L–1. Grain yield, lignin content and lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase were all significantly improved with the foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon. These results suggest that lignin content in the second basal internode in wheat was closely related with lodging resistance. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon at the four-leaf stage reduced the lodging rate, and the concentration showing the greatest effects was 30 mg L–1 for uniconazole or 75 mg L–1 for ethephon.

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