Relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) in a rainforest zone

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Esechie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Basal Section ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rainforest Zone

SummaryField and laboratory studies were carried out in 1981 and 1982 to investigate the relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize in the rainforest zone of Nigeria.Morphological characters correlated with lodging were plant height, diameter and length of basal internode, thickness of rind and weight of 5 cm basal section. Lodging was negatively correlated with grain yield, and with the percentages of total nonstructural carbohydrate, protein and potassium in the stalks. Premature stalk senescence and rot were common in varieties susceptible to lodging. Lodging had no relationship with leaf area and number of days from sowing to flowering.

Relationship between lodging, morphological characters and yield of varieties of maize (Zea mays L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Remison ◽  
Dele Akinleye
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rainforest Zone

SummaryField experiments were carried out in the early and late growing seasons in the rainforest zone of Nigeria to find out the relationship between lodging, morphological characters and yield of maize.Morphological characters associated with lodging were plant height, ear height and length of basal internode. There was a negative correlation between lodging and yield. Much of the lodging recorded, especially in the early growing season, was due to weak stems. Earliness, diameter of stem and leaf area had no relationship with lodging.

scholarly journals Microscopic Fungi in Big Cities: Biodiversity, Source, and Relation to Pollution by Potentially Toxic Metals

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Maria V. Korneykova ◽  
Anastasia S. Soshina ◽  
Andrey I. Novikov ◽  
Kristina V. Ivashchenko ◽  
Olesya I. Sazonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Air Quality Assessment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

For the first time, a mycological analysis of outdoor urban environment (air, leaves, sealed surfaces) was carried in the cities of subarctic (Murmansk) and temperate (Moscow) climatic zones. The chemical composition of dust deposited on leaves of dominant tree species was taken as an indicator of the air quality. Assessment of the complex impact of factors (climate zone, type of substrate, anthropogenic load) on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of mycobiome was performed. Compared to Moscow, Murmansk was characterized by an increased number and concentrations of pollutants in the deposited dust. The number of culturable airborne fungi in Murmansk was substantially lower than in Moscow. Half of the species belonged to the opportunistic in both cities. Most dangerous opportunistic fungi were absent in the air of recreational zones but present on leaves surface and in road dust in all assessed zones of the cities. Dust chemical composition affected the diversity of fungi species. While the relationship of biological parameters with concentration of potentially toxic metals was generally negative, Cd increased the fraction of opportunistic fungi in road dust. The study revealed an importance of substrate in determining the sensitivity of outdoor mycobiome to pollution and highlighted its biological characteristics sensitive to climate.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES AND FERTILIZER OF THE OIL RADISH ON THE BASIS OF THE MODULAR-VITALITY METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsytsiura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Morphological Integration ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of a long-term study of the features of the phytocenology of agrophytocenoses of oil radish using different methods for assessing their condition and studying the tactics of the plant vitality strategy. A comprehensive assessment was made of the effect of changes in row spacing, seeding rates and fertilizer rates on the formation of various plant morphotypes, the variability of morphological characters and the general characteristics of plant viability. Three idiotypes of the plant oil radish were identified in a vertical study of agrophytocenosis, on the basis of which a detailed analysis of the variability of each group and a statistical assessment of the reliability of its existence were carried out. The features of the morphological integration of each tier are analyzed and its impact on the formation of the overall field productivity is evaluated. Based on the modular and vitality grouping, the effectiveness and feasibility of combining various options for plant density and fertilizer in the range of 30-90 kg of active substance per 1 ha were evaluated. Conclusions are drawn about the desired model of agrophytocenosis of oil radish based on the characteristics of its vital tactics and the goals of its growing. Grouping was carried out according to a variety of morphological traits of plants in the population and the possibilities of applying the basic patterns of phytocenology in their application to radish oilseed plants were evaluated. Through the use of regression analysis, the influence of climatic conditions on the formation of various morphological types of plants and the nature of the relationship of plants of oil radish in cenoses of various densities against the background of various fertilizer options has been evaluated. The main promising areas for further research on the peculiarities of creating highly productive and highly adaptable agrophytocenoses of oil radish have been outlined.

MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEMALE TERMINALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA, AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mutuura
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Genealogical Tree ◽  
Genital Opening ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the phylogenetic classification of the Lepidoptera, the position of the genital opening and its modifications help to clarify the relationship of the Zeugloptera to the lepidopterous suborders. Three different systems of the suborder classification of the Lepidoptera, into Homoneura and Heteroneura (Tillyard, Imms, etc.), Monotrysia and Ditrysia (Borner), and Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (Hinton), are not supported by evidence obtained in the study of the female genitalia.The development of the female terminalia is closely associated with the mode of oviposition. Several types of female terminalia are found in the primitive Lepidoptera (Hepialidae, Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Lyonetiidae, Agathiphagidae, Tineidae, Nepticulidae, and Eriocraniidae). They are divided into four categories: hepialid type — the eggs are dropped randomly; typical lepidopterous type — the eggs are laid on the surface of food plants; eriocraniid type — the eggs are laid inside the food plants; tineid type — the eggs are laid in crevices of food. Each of the types is derivable from the types occurring in Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Agathiphagidae, and Eriocraniidae, respectively. These types are still far removed from the type of female terminalia in Micropterygidae of the Zeugloptera.The modes of egg-laying as well as the morphological characters of the female genitalia must be taken into consideration in suborder classification of the Lepidoptera.A genealogical tree based on the female terminalia suggests four main branches: hepialid branch — includes Neopseustidae and Prototheoridae; typical lepidopterous branch — includes all Ditrysia and Nepticulidae; tineid branch — includes only Tineidae; eriocraniid branch — includes Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Adelidae, and Heliozelidae.

scholarly journals Examining the Interaction of Force and Repetition on Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
John R. Heberger
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Fatigue ◽  
Increases In Risk

Objective: Our aims were (a) to perform a systematic literature review of epidemiological studies that examined the interaction of force and repetition with respect to musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk, (b) to assess the relationship of force and repetition in fatigue failure studies of musculoskeletal tissues, and (c) to synthesize these findings. Background: Many epidemiological studies have examined the effects of force and repetition on MSD risk; however, relatively few have examined the interaction between these risk factors. Method: In a literature search, we identified 12 studies that allowed evaluation of a force-repetition interaction with respect to MSD risk. Identified studies were subjected to a methodological quality assessment and critical review. We evaluated laboratory studies of fatigue failure to examine tissue failure responses to force and repetition. Results: Of the 12 epidemiological studies that tested a Force × Repetition interaction, 10 reported evidence of interaction. Based on these results, the suggestion is made that force and repetition may be interdependent in terms of their influence on MSD risk. Fatigue failure studies of musculoskeletal tissues show a pattern of failure that mirrors the MSD risk observed in epidemiological studies. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that there may be interdependence between force and repetition with respect to MSD risk. Repetition seems to result in modest increases in risk for low-force tasks but rapid increases in risk for high-force tasks. This interaction may be representative of a fatigue failure process in affected tissues.

The relationship of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) with cassava (Manihot esculenta)

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Bernays ◽  
R. F. Chapman ◽  
E. M. Leather ◽  
A. R. McCaffery ◽  
W. W. D. Modder
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

AbstractField and laboratory studies at Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that the young nymphs of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) normally reject cassava after biting it and die if they are confined on growing leaves. Later instars will eat cassava, especially when deprived of food for some time, but the adults progressively lose weight when restricted to feeding on growing cassava. On cut cassava, on the other hand, extensive feeding occurs and normal growth is maintained. The change from unpalatability to acceptability occurs within about an hour of cutting and is apparently associated with wilting. Cassava produces latex, but this was not distasteful to Zonocerus. The readiness to feed on growing cassava was associated with low levels of hydrogen cyanide production by the leaves; wilted leaves still produced hydrogen cyanide, but at a lower rate than turgid, growing leaves. In the area around Ibadan, Zonocerus regularly defoliates cassava in the latter part of the dry season, probably because a shortage of attractive foods forces the insect to eat cassava.

The phylogeny of the Hydroporinae and classification of the genus Peschetius Guignot, 1942 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wolfe ◽  
Kelly Miller ◽  
Olof Biström
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe phylogeny of the Hydroporinae is investigated in a cladistic analysis emphasizing placement of the genus Peschetius Guignot, historically placed in the tribe Hydroporini. Sixty-nine adult and larval morphological characters were coded for 61 species of Hydroporinae representing eight of the nine tribes. Cladistic analysis of the data resulted in 396 most parsimonious cladograms (length = 176, CI = 46, RI = 80). The results indicate that the genus Peschetius is the sister group to the tribe Bidessini based mainly on an unambiguous character, the presence of a prominent internal spermathecal spine, and several other more ambiguous or homoplasious characters. The tribe Bidessini is expanded to include the genus Peschetius, and it is formally transferred from the tribe Hydroporini. Other results indicating interesting relationships of tribes and genera within Hydroporinae are also discussed. Results include; 1) a dramatically paraphyletic Hydroporini with Laccornellus Roughley and Wolfe, Canthyporus Zimmermann and Hydrocolus Roughley and Larson in basal positions within the phylogeny, 2) Hydrovatus Motschulsky and Queda Sharp resolved as sister groups and not closely related to Methlini van den Branden, 3) support for close relationship of Pachydrus Sharp (Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka) with Hyphydrini Sharp, 4) paraphyly of Hygrotus Stephens sensu lato with the relationship H. (Coelambus) Thomson + (Hygrotus sensus stricto + Hydrovatini)) suggesting recognition of Coelambus and Hygrotus as separate genera, 5) close relationship between the Australian genera of Hydroporini and Hyphydrini and 6) the nesting of Vatellini within a group of Hydroporini.

The relationship of orthopyroxene to pigeonite

1947 ◽  
Vol 28 (198) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Poldervaart
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Interest in the orthopyroxene series is evidenced by the great number of publications on that subject which appeared in the literature. Correlations of the chemical composition and optical properties were attempted by Winchell (1923, 1933), Walls (1935), Henry (1935), and Hess and Phillips (1940). The nomenclature of the series was discussed by Winchell (1923), Alling (1936), and Hess and Phillips (1940). The obscure phenomena exhibited by certain orthopyroxenes in polarized light, attributed by some to twinning, by others to exsolution, was noted by a great many petrologists, of whom are mentioned here Lewis (1908), Holmes and Harwood (1928), Guimarães (1933), Scholtz (1936), Hess and Phillips (1938, 1940), Kuschke (1939), Wager and Deer (1939), Nel (1940), Walker (1940, 1943), Walker and Poldervaart (1940, 1941), Edwards (1942), Henry (1942), and Poldervaart (1944, 1946).

The Mechanical Properties of Gray Cast Iron and Metallographic Structure Effect on the Chip Shape

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Bin Huang ◽  
Yu Gang Ye ◽  
Xing Quan Shen ◽  
Xing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Chip Shape ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The cutting tests were carried out on HT200, HT250 and HT300 cast iron. The effects of the strength, hardness, microstructure, chemical composition of cast iron on chip shape were studied. The results show the relationship of different strength, chip thickness and chip deformation of gray cast iron, in the similar cutting conditions.

Teuvoa, a new lichen genus inMegasporaceae(Ascomycota:Pertusariales), includingTeuvoa junipericolasp. nov.

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad SOHRABI ◽  
Steven D. LEAVITT ◽  
Víctor J. RICO ◽  
Mehmet G. HALICI ◽  
Gajendra SHRESTHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship ofAspicilia uxoriswithinMegasporaceaeis assessed within a phylogenetic context. ‘Aspicilia’uxorisand other related species are recovered as sister to the genusLobothallias. str. and described here as a new genus.Teuvoa(Ascomycota,Megasporaceae) is erected based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequence data and morphological characters. In addition toTeuvoa uxoris, a second species,T. junipericola,is added to the new genus based on material collected from North America.Teuvoa junipericola, T. uxorisandT. tibeticaform a group with 8-spored asci, absence of extrolites, rather short-sized conidia and ascospores, lack of a subhypothecial algal layer, and different substratum preferences (on organic substratum) with a sister relationship to genusLobothallias. lat. (AspiciliasubgenusPachyothalliaClauzade & C. Roux). Based on spore measurements of the holotypes,Lecanora ferganensisTomin from central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan),Lecanora atrodiscataGintovt, from Tajikistan andLecanora takyroidesDzhur. from Turkmenistan are new synonyms toT. uxoris. A lectotype forLecanora ferganensisis designated, expanding the known distribution ofT. uxorisfrom Algeria, Morocco and Spain, into Central Asia.

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