scholarly journals Lignin metabolism regulates lodging resistance of maize hybrids under varying planting density

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2077-2089
Author(s):  
Bin LI ◽  
Fei GAO ◽  
Bai-zhao REN ◽  
Shu-ting DONG ◽  
Peng LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

scholarly journals Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Mei Xu ◽  
Junji Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
System A ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.

scholarly journals Changes of Stem Characteristics, Senescence Indexes and Yield and Quality of Wintering Rye under Different Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6876
Author(s):  
Yuetao Zuo ◽  
Xueyue Zhang ◽  
Shiyu Zuo ◽  
Xiaosong Ren ◽  
Zhaoyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Spike Number

In response to the production crisis caused by a winter feed shortage due to the rapid development of the animal husbandry industry, winter rye 001 was selected to study differences in stalk and senescence characteristics in yield formation in cold regions. Five density treatments were established in a randomized design as 225 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D1), 275 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D2), 325 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D3), 375 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D4), and 425 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D5). Stem characteristics, SOD activity, POD activity, MDA content, and differences in yield and feeding quality under different population densities were analyzed. The plant height, center of gravity, and stem basal internode length showed an increasing trend with an increase in planting density. The stem wall thickness, diameter, strength, and lodging resistance indices decreased. At 275 × 104 plants·hm−2, the rye crude protein content was the highest while neutral washing fiber and acid washing fiber were the lowest, and feed quality was the best. With an increase in density, spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight first increased and then decreased. We concluded that the yield and feeding quality were best when the basic seedling was at 275 × 104 plants hm−2.

The Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance, Related Enzyme Activities, and Grain Yield in Different Genotypes of Oilseed Flax

Crop Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 2613-2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Gao ◽  
Hanyu Jiang ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Junyi Niu ◽  
Yajiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Related Enzyme

scholarly journals Combating Dual Challenges in Maize Under High Planting Density: Kernel Abortion and Stem Lodging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Noor Shah ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Mehmet Yildirim ◽  
Anis Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
High Plant Density

High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize.

scholarly journals Solar Radiation Effects on Dry Matter Accumulations and Transfer in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Jun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Weak Light

Solar radiation is the energy source for crop growth, as well as for the processes of accumulation, distribution, and transfer of photosynthetic products that determine maize yield. Therefore, learning the effects of different solar radiation amounts on maize growth is especially important. The present study focused on the quantitative relationships between solar radiation amounts and dry matter accumulations and transfers in maize. Over two continuous years (2017 and 2018) of field experiments, maize hybrids XY335 and ZD958 were grown at densities of 4.5 × 104 (D1), 7.5 × 104 (D2), 9 × 104 (D3), 10.5 × 104 (D4), and 12 × 104 (D5) plants/ha at Qitai Farm (89°34′E, 44°12′N), Xinjiang, China. Shading levels were 15% (S1), 30% (S2), and 50% (S3) of natural light and no shading (CK). The results showed that the yields of the commonly planted cultivars XY335 and ZD958 at S1, S2, and S3 (increasing shade treatments) were 7.3, 21.2, and 57.6% and 11.7, 31.0, and 61.8% lower than the control yields, respectively. Also, vegetative organ dry matter translocation (DMT) and its contribution to grain increased as shading levels increased under different densities. The dry matter assimilation amount after silking (AADMAS) increased as solar radiation and planting density increased. When solar radiation was <580.9 and 663.6 MJ/m2, for XY335 and ZD958, respectively, the increase in the AADMAS was primarily related to solar radiation amounts; and when solar radiation was higher than those amounts for those hybrids, an increase in the AADMAS was primarily related to planting density. Photosynthate accumulation is a key determinant of maize yield, and the contributions of the vegetative organs to the grain did not compensate for the reduced yield caused by insufficient light. Between the two cultivars, XY335 showed a better resistance to weak light than ZD958 did. To help guarantee a high maize yield under weak light conditions, it is imperative to select cultivars that have great stay-green and photosynthetic efficiency characteristics.

Effects of uniconazole on the lignin metabolism and lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Wang ◽  
Dan Hu ◽  
Xingbei Liu ◽  
Hengzhi She ◽  
Renwu Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

LODGING-ENHANCING TECHNIQUES FOR USE ON CORN PERFORMANCE TRIALS IN SHORT-SEASON AREAS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
S. TWUMASI-AFRIYIE ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stalk Lodging

A study was conducted during the 2 yr, 1978 and 1979, to determine an effective method of enhancing stalk lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) with the objective of being able to differentiate among hybrids for lodging susceptibility under conditions of low natural lodging. Six maize hybrids representing a wide range of stalk lodging resistance were used in the study. The techniques utilized were inoculating plants with a stalk rot pathogen (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch) and/or infesting plants with European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). Both techniques, individually or in combination, were effective in enhancing lodging. Under environmental conditions and cultural practices where natural stalk lodging was low and differences in stalk lodging among hybrids would have otherwise been masked, the two lodging-enhancing techniques allowed for improved detection of hybrid differences. Both treatment effects and differences among hybrids for stalk lodging increased as stalk lodging rating was delayed, indicating delayed rating is preferable. Disadvantages to delayed rating are discussed.

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