Chemical Constituents of <I>Alternanthera philoxeroides</I>

Occurrence, coverage and chemical constituents of aquatic flora were studied in two Indian ponds over a period of 39-month in order to gain an insight into their associations and infestation for implications in conservation and management. Species diversity was recorded in presence of two invasive species (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Griseb. and Lemna aequinoctialis Welwitsch). These species should be managed in view of their beneficial uses. Nymphaea pubescens Willd, a threatened species, was recorded. Positive association of Nymphoides hydrophylla (Loureiro) O. Kuntze with Alternanthera philoxeroides and Vallisneria spiralis L. showed that spatially separated habitats are useful for conservation. Azolla pinnata R. Brown, an useful species and Rotala rotundifolia (F. Hamilton ex Roxburgh) Koehne, an uncommon species, were able to produce high coverage in their brief occurrence - important for their conservation. Similar feature as observed in Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kütz and Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Lagerh. is useful for management of these species due to their negative impacts. Key words: Aquatic flora, Species composition, Occurrence, Coverage, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Management DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v14i1.519 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 14(1): 13-24, 2007 (June)

Download Full-text

Chemical Constituents and Antidepressant-Like Effects in Ovariectomized Mice of the Ethanol Extract of Alternanthera philoxeroides

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092202 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2202 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Charinya Khamphukdee ◽

Orawan Monthakantirat ◽

Yaowared Chulikhit ◽

Suradet Buttachon ◽

Michael Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Corticosterone Level ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Ovariectomized Mice ◽

Propenoic Acid

The previously unreported flavone glycoside, demethyltorosaflavone B (2) and the E-propenoic acid substituted flavone, torosaflavone E (3a), were isolated together with nine previously reported metabolites, including indole-3-carbaldehyde, oleanonic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, altheranthin (1a), alternanthin B (1b), demethyltorosaflavone D (3b), luteolin 8-C-E-propenoic acid (4) and chrysoeriol 7-O-rhamnoside (5), from the ethanol extract of the aerial part of Althernanthera philoxeroides. The crude ethanol extract was evaluated for its in vitro estrogenic activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The crude ethanol extract was also investigated in vivo for its antidepressant-like effects on ovariectomized mice using tail suspension and forced swimming tests, while its effect on the locomotor activity was evaluated by a Y-maze test. The effect of the crude extract on the serum corticosterone level, size and volume of uterus of the ovariectomized mice were also investigated. The expression of the mouse cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and β-actin mRNAs in hippocampus and frontal cortex was also evaluated, using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The crude extract and the isolated compounds 1a, 1b, 3a, 3b and 5, were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidases (MAOs)-A and -B.

Download Full-text

Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin frozen sections of lactating mouse mammary gland

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081097 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

Jan Zarzycki ◽

Joseph Szroeder

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Mouse Mammary Gland ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Ultrathin Frozen Sections

The mammary gland ultrastructure in various functional states is the object of our investigations. The material prepared for electron microscopic examination by the conventional chemical methods has several limitations, the most important are the protein denaturation processes and the loss of large amounts of chemical constituents from the cells. In relevance to this,one can't be sure about a degree the observed images are adequate to the realy ultrastructure of a living cell. To avoid the disadvantages of the chemical preparation methods,some autors worked out alternative physical methods based on tissue freezing / freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, freeze-eatching techniqs/; actually the technique of cryoultraraicrotomy,i,e.cutting ultrathin sections from deep frozen specimens is assented as a complete alternative method. According to the limitations of the routine plastic embbeding methods we were interested to analize the mammary gland ultrastructure during lactation by the cryoultramicrotomy method.

Download Full-text

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091512 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 306-307

Author(s):

R. J. Narconis ◽

G. L. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Natural State ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Additional Dimension ◽

Biliary Calculi ◽

Calculus Formation ◽

Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

Download Full-text