The cognitive mechanism and neural basis of aging in language processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Wen-Guang HE
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism

Neural Basis of Rhythm Perception

2018 ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Christina M. Vanden Bosch der Nederlanden ◽  
J. Eric T. Taylor ◽  
Jessica A. Grahn
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Motor Excitability ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

To understand and enjoy music, it is important to be able to hear the beat and move your body to the rhythm. However, impaired rhythm processing has a broader impact on perception and cognition beyond music-specific tasks. We also experience rhythms in our everyday interactions, through the lip and jaw movements of watching someone speak, the syllabic structure of words on the radio, and in the movements of our limbs when we walk. Impairments in the ability to perceive and produce rhythms are related to poor language outcomes, such as dyslexia, and they can provide an index of a primary symptom in movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. The chapter summarizes a growing body of literature examining the neural underpinnings of rhythm perception and production. It highlights the importance of auditory-motor relationships in finding and producing a beat in music by reviewing evidence from a number of methodologies. These approaches illustrate how rhythmic auditory information capitalizes on auditory-motor interactions to influence motor excitability, and how beat perception emerges as a function of nonlinear oscillatory dynamics of the brain. Together these studies highlight the important role of rhythm in human development, evolutionary comparisons, multi-modal perception, mirror neurons, language processing, and music.

Word recognition in aphasia

2007 ◽  
pp. 140-156
Author(s):  
Sheila Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Sentential Context ◽  
The Face ◽  
Speech And Language Processing

This article reviews current knowledge about the nature of auditory word recognition deficits in aphasia. It assumes that the language functioning of adults with aphasia was normal prior to sustaining brain injury, and that their word recognition system was intact. As a consequence, the study of aphasia provides insight into how damage to particular areas of the brain affects speech and language processing, and thus provides a crucial step in mapping out the neural systems underlying speech and language processing. To this end, much of the discussion focuses on word recognition deficits in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics, two clinical syndromes that have provided the basis for much of the study of the neural basis of language. Clinically, Broca's aphasics have a profound expressive impairment in the face of relatively good auditory language comprehension. This article also considers deficits in processing the sound structure of language, graded activation of the lexicon, lexical competition, influence of word recognition on speech processing, and influence of sentential context on word recognition.

The Structural Language Network

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Noam Chomsky
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
White Matter Fiber Tracts ◽  
The Right

An adequate description of the neural basis of language processing must consider the entire network both with respect to its structural white matter connections and the functional connectivities between the different brain regions as the information has to be sent between different language-related regions distributed across the temporal and frontal cortex. This chapter discusses the white matter fiber bundles that connect the language-relevant regions. The chapter is broken into three sections. In the first, we look at the white matter fiber tracts connecting the language-relevant regions in the frontal and temporal cortices; in the second, the ventral and dorsal pathways in the right hemisphere that connect temporal and frontal regions; and finally in the third, the two syntax-relevant and (at least) one semantic-relevant neuroanatomically-defined networks that sentence processing is based on. From this discussion, it becomes clear that online language processing requires information transfer via the long-range white matter fiber pathways that connect the language-relevant brain regions within each hemisphere and between hemispheres.

scholarly journals Common Neural Basis for Phoneme Processing in Infants and Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dehaene-Lambertz ◽  
T. Gliga
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Implicit Instruction ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Phoneme Discrimination ◽  
Phoneme Perception ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Investigating the degree of similarity between infants' and adults' representation of speech is critical to our understanding of infants' ability to acquire language. Phoneme perception plays a crucial role in language processing, and numerous behavioral studies have demonstrated similar capacities in infants and adults, but are these subserved by the same neural substrates or networks? In this article, we review event-related potential (ERP) results obtained in infants during phoneme discrimination tasks and compare them to results from the adult literature. The striking similarities observed both in behavior and ERPs between initial and mature stages suggest a continuity in processing and neural structure. We argue that infants have access at the beginning of life to phonemic representations, which are modified without training or implicit instruction, but by the statistical distributions of speech input in order to converge to the native phonemic categories.

scholarly journals Neurolinguistics

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Reading Processes ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Brain Sciences

06–416Ding, Guosheng (Beijing Normal U, China), Perry Conrad, Peng Danling, Ma Lin, Li Dejun, Shu Shiyong, Luo Qian, Xu Duo & Yang Jing, Neural mechanisms underlying semantic and orthographic processing in Chinese–English bilinguals. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 14.12 (2003), 1557–1562.06–417Elston-Güttler, Kerrie E. (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; [email protected]), Silke Paulmann & Sonja A. Kotz, Who's in control? Proficiency and L1 influence on L2 processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 17.10 (2005), 1593–1610.06–418Gollan, Tamar H. (U Califonia, San Diego, USA; [email protected]), Marina P. Bonanni & Rosa I. Montoya, Proper names get stuck on bilingual and monolingual speakers' tip of the tongue equally often. Neuropsychology (American Psychological Association) 19.3 (2005), 278–287.06–419Hernandez, Arturo (U Houston, USA), Ping Li & Brian MacWhinney, The emergence of competing modules in bilingualism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences (Elsevier) 9.5 (2005), 220–225.06–420Mahendra Nidhi, Elena Plante (U Arizona, USA; [email protected]), Joel Magloire, Lisa Milman & Theodore P. Trouard, fMRI variability and the localization of languages in the bilingual brain. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 14.9 (2003), 1225–1228.06–421Mildner, Vesna (U Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected]), Davor Stanković & Marina Petković, The relationship between active hand and ear advantage in the native and foreign language. Brain and Cognition (Elsevier) 57.2 (2005), 158–161.06–422Minagawa-Kawai, Yasuyo (National Institute for Japanese Language, Tokyo, Japan), Koichi Mori, Yataka Sato & Toshizo Koizumi, Differential cortical responses in second language learners to different vowel contrasts. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 15.5 (2004), 899–903.06–423Mueller, Jutta L. (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; [email protected]), Anja Hahne, Yugo Fujii & Angela D. Friederici, Native and non-native speakers' processing of a miniature version of Japanese as revealed by ERPs. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 17.8 (2005), 1229–1244.06–424Ojima, Shiro (U Essex, UK; [email protected]), Hiroki Nakata & Ryusuke Kakigi, An ERP study of second language learning after childhood: Effects of proficiency. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 17.8 (2005), 1212–1228.06–425Oran, Revital (U Haifa, Israel; [email protected]) &Zvia Breznitz, Reading processes in L1 and L2 among dyslexic as compared to regular bilingual readers: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Neurolinguistics (Elsevier) 18.2 (2005), 127–151.06–426Peltola, Maija S. (U Turku, Finland; [email protected]), Minna Kuntola, Henna Tamminen, Heikki Hämäläinen & Olli Aaltonen, Early exposure to non-native language alters preattentive vowel discrimination. Neuroscience Letters (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 388.3 (2005), 121–125.06–427Perani, Daniela (Vita Salute San Raffaele U, Milan, Italy; [email protected]) & Jubin Abutalebi, The neural basis of first and second language processing. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (Elsevier) 15.2 (2005), 202–206.06–428Rodríguez-Fornells, Antoni (Otto-von-Guericke U, Magdeburg, Germany), Arie van der Lugt, Michael Rotte, Belinda Britti, Hans-Jochen Heinze & Thomas F. Münte, Second language interferes with word production in fluent bilinguals: Brain potential and functional imaging evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 17.3 (2005), 422–433.06–429Thierry, Guillaume (U Wales, Bangor, UK) & Jing Yan Wu, Electrophysiological evidence for language interference in late bilinguals. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 15.10 (2004), 1555–1558.06–430Van Borsel, John (Gent U Hospital, Belgium; [email protected]), Reinilde Sunaert & Sophie Engelen, Speech disruption under delayed auditory feedback in multilingual speakers. Journal of Fluency Disorders (Elsevier) 30.3 (2005), 201–217.06–431Xue, Gui, Qi Dong (Beijing Normal U, China), Zhen Jin, Lei Zhang & Yue Wang, An fMRI study with semantic access in low proficiency second language learners. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 15.5 (2004), 791–796.06–432Zhang, Yang (U Washington, USA; [email protected]), Patricia K. Kuhl, Toshiaki Imada, Makoto Kotani & Yoh' ichi Tohkura, Effects of language experience: Neural commitment to language-specific auditory patterns. NeuroImage (Elsevier) 26.3 (2005), 703–720.

scholarly journals Co-localization of Stroop and Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Broca's Area: Implications for the Neural Basis of Sentence Processing

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2434-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
David January ◽  
John C. Trueswell ◽  
Sharon L. Thompson-Schill
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Syntactic Ambiguity ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Control Processes

For over a century, a link between left prefrontal cortex and language processing has been accepted, yet the precise characterization of this link remains elusive. Recent advances in both the study of sentence processing and the neuroscientific study of frontal lobe function suggest an intriguing possibility: The demands to resolve competition between incompatible characterizations of a linguistic stimulus may recruit top–down cognitive control processes mediated by prefrontal cortex. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypothesis that individuals use shared prefrontal neural circuitry during two very different tasks—color identification under Stroop conflict and sentence comprehension under conditions of syntactic ambiguity—both of which putatively rely on cognitive control processes. We report the first demonstration of within-subject overlap in neural responses to syntactic and nonsyntactic conflict. These findings serve to clarify the role of Broca's area in, and the neural and psychological organization of, the language processing system.

scholarly journals Developmental cognitive mechanism and neural basis of procrastination

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Tingyong FENG ◽  
Xueke WANG ◽  
Ti SU
Keyword(s):  
Neural Basis ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism

The Neurolinguistics of Bilingualism

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Green ◽  
Judith F. Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
New Research

In the last two decades, the development of new methods for imaging and tracking the neural basis of language processing has revealed remarkable evidence for plasticity. Perhaps no other topic on language has exploited these developments as fully as bilingualism. Until recently, the acquisition and use of a second language, especially for adults, had been taken to be a model of how language processes might be constrained beyond early childhood. The new research has exposed a system that is more open to new language learning and more tightly coupled to the brain networks that engage cognitive control mechanisms than previously understood. This chapter reviews the most exciting new findings on how second-language learners and bilinguals adapt to the openness of the system to enable proficient language use. In this way, bilingualism becomes a model for the development of neuroplasticity across the life span.

scholarly journals Neural basis of first and second language processing of sentence-level linguistic prosody

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Gandour ◽  
Yunxia Tong ◽  
Thomas Talavage ◽  
Donald Wong ◽  
Mario Dzemidzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Second Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Level

Uncovering the Neuroanatomy of Core Language Systems Using Lesion-Symptom Mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mirman ◽  
Melissa Thye
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Core Language

Recent studies have integrated noninvasive brain-imaging methods and advanced analysis techniques to study associations between the location of brain damage and cognitive deficits. By applying data-driven analysis methods to large sets of data on language deficits after stroke (aphasia), these studies have identified the cognitive systems that support language processing—phonology, semantics, fluency, and executive functioning—and their neural basis. Phonological processing is supported by dual pathways around the Sylvian fissure, a ventral speech-recognition component and a dorsal speech-production component; fluent sentence-level speech production relies on a more anterior frontal component, and the semantic system relies on a hub in the anterior temporal lobe and frontotemporal white-matter tracts. The executive function system was less consistently localized, possibly because of the kinds of brain damage tested in these studies. This review synthesizes the results of these studies, showing how they converge with contemporary models of primary systems that support perception, action, and conceptual knowledge across domains, and highlights some divergent findings and directions for future research.

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