From Ephemeral Events to Multiple Legacies: An International Comparison of Festival Demarcations and Management Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Eshuis ◽  
Bonno Pel ◽  
J. Andres Coca-Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
Process Management ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Cultural Festivals ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Constructivist Approaches ◽  
Interpretive Flexibility ◽  
Different Parts

Festivals have come to play an important role in tourism and managing their legacy has become an important challenge for governments and the events industry. Festivals typically take place over limited periods of time, but they also bring longer lasting legacies for the economy, local communities, and the environment. Festival legacies are characterized by interpretive flexibility; they are interpreted differently by various actors. This complicates attempts to adapt the management of festivals in such a way that aspired legacies are realized and unwanted (negative) legacies minimized. This article elicits the recursive relationship between the ways in which event legacies are socially constructed, and how events are managed. Building on constructivist approaches to governance and management and drawing on the empirical variety of six cultural festivals in different parts of Europe, this contribution shows how event legacy can be unpacked along actors' diverse cognitive, social, temporal, and spatial demarcations, and how these understandings relate to particular repertoires of management and governance. Highlighting how event legacies are pursued through combinations of control-oriented project management and more broadly scoped process management approaches, the study concludes with strategic reflections on the possibilities for elevating ephemeral events into vehicles for social change.

Reply to Bridgewater (2021), 'Response to Davies et al., 'Towards a Universal Declaration of the Rights of Wetlands"

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
G. T. Davies ◽  
C. M. Finlayson ◽  
E. Okuno ◽  
N. C. Davidson ◽  
R. C. Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Indigenous And Local Knowledge ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Conservation And Management

We reply to the main concerns raised by Bridgewater (2021) in his response to Davies et al. (2021a), ‘Towards a Universal Declaration of the Rights of Wetlands’. We appreciate the contribution of Bridgewater (2021) to this emerging conversation and, although we disagree with some of his assessments and statements, we do not find his points to be incompatible with support for the Declaration of the Rights of Wetlands (ROW). This reply focuses on four areas of concern raised by Bridgewater (2021). First, we describe why a wetlands-specific declaration will add important value to other Rights of Nature declarations. Second, we discuss how the ROW does not detract from, but rather can contribute to and complement, existing conservation and management approaches and mechanisms. Third, we agree on the importance of weaving Indigenous and local knowledge with other knowledges and emphasise that the ROW should not be confused with or misused to undermine the rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities. Finally, we explain how legal rights can and have been granted to non-humans, including elements of Nature, such as wetlands.

scholarly journals Linking Land and Sea through Collaborative Research to Inform Contemporary applications of Traditional Resource Management in Hawai‘i

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Delevaux ◽  
Kawika Winter ◽  
Stacy Jupiter ◽  
Mehana Blaich-Vaughan ◽  
Kostantinos Stamoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Management Approaches

Across the Pacific Islands, declining natural resources have contributed to a cultural renaissance of customary ridge-to-reef management approaches. These indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCA) are initiated by local communities to protect natural resources through customary laws. To support these efforts, managers require scientific tools that track land-sea linkages and evaluate how local management scenarios affect coral reefs. We established an interdisciplinary process and modeling framework to inform ridge-to-reef management in Hawai‘i, given increasing coastal development, fishing and climate change related impacts. We applied our framework at opposite ends of the Hawaiian Archipelago, in Hā‘ena and Ka‘ūpūlehu, where local communities have implemented customary resource management approaches through government-recognized processes to perpetuate traditional food systems and cultural practices. We identified coral reefs vulnerable to groundwater-based nutrients and linked them to areas on land, where appropriate management of human-derived nutrients could prevent increases in benthic algae and promote coral recovery from bleaching. Our results demonstrate the value of interdisciplinary collaborations among researchers, managers and community members. We discuss the lessons learned from our culturally-grounded, inclusive research process and highlight critical aspects of collaboration necessary to develop tools that can inform placed-based solutions to local environmental threats and foster coral reef resilience.

Threat reduction assessment of conventional and community-based conservation approaches to managing protected areas in Uganda

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR R. MUGISHA ◽  
SUSAN K. JACOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Management Approaches

Loss of wildlife, encroachment on wild lands and conflicts between protected areas and neighbouring communities continue to threaten the integrity of protected areas (PAs) in Uganda. To increase support from local communities and ensure long-term sustainability for Uganda's PAs, a policy of community-based conservation was introduced in 1988 as a management approach in seven PAs. The effectiveness of the community-based approach for reducing threats was compared to conventional PA management by conducting a threat reduction assessment at 16 PAs, seven with community-based approaches and nine without. Additional data collected using document reviews, interviews with government officials, and surveys of PA wardens were compared with the threat reduction assessments. Twenty-three primary threats were identified at PAs. Local game poaching was the most common threat. The threat reduction assessment indices of community-based PAs (mean=49.0±12) were not significantly different from those of conventional PAs (mean=37.96±21.6). Some specific threats, such as bush burning, logging, encroachment and unclear boundaries, seemed to be better mitigated at community-based PAs. Management approaches at all PAs mitigated fewer than half of the identified threats. Management approaches are needed that directly target PA threats, go beyond PA boundaries by involving additional government departments, link people's livelihoods to conservation efforts and strengthen PA institutions.

Constructivist Analyses of Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International System ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theory Of Human Nature ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

Most constructivist work in IR has attempted to account for very general outcomes in the international system, most notably the well-known research of Alexander Wendt. Whether we live in a “Kantian,” “Lockean,” or “Hobbesian” world, for instance, is in a sense a socially constructed thing rather than flowing from some inevitable structure or theory of human nature. Nevertheless, some important constructivist work has focused on more specific foreign policy outcomes, research that is examined here in depth. Constructivist analyses tend to focus on “how possible” questions rather than attempting to “explain” particular decisions, and this offers a useful addition or corrective to more traditional analyses of foreign policy. They also attempt to understand the general foreign policy orientations of states, often relying on notions of culture, role, and identity. But such approaches have not yet fully matured into comprehensive approaches to foreign policy, in at least two senses. First of all, current constructivist approaches are somewhat limited by a focus on the social dimensions of foreign policy rather than individual ones, being sociological rather than psychological in nature. This is sometimes not an issue, but it becomes a problem when variation between decision makers with the same social identity is the object of interest or where norms are in conflict with one another. Secondly, there have been relatively few attempts to turn constructivism into a normative theory. Arguably, in order to become a fully rounded theory (as opposed to a loose framework), constructivism needs a mechanism by which it can influence actual decision makers, very few of whom currently describe themselves in opinion polls as being constructivists, as opposed to realists or liberals. And yet both of these problems can potentially be remedied. Firstly, constructivist approaches may be combined with psychological approaches that supplement their sociological focus. Both constructivism and the psychological approach to decision making are ideational in nature rather than material; in other words, they share the belief that what people think is “out there” is often more important than what actually is. Indeed, the psychological approach to foreign policy provided a major source of inspiration for the early constructivists. Secondly, constructivist approaches can offer policy makers prescriptive advice as to how they should or ought to behave. After reviewing the literature on understanding foreign policy outcomes, this article suggests the outlines of an applied constructivism that decision makers in government would find positively useful. There is a Realpolitik and an Idealpolitik, but can there be a “Konstruktpolitik”? At least six principles might guide the development of normative constructivism. Chief among these is the axiom, “if you can’t change the physical, change the social.” Other principles include the effort to initiate “norm cascades,” the encouragement (or discouragement) of self-fulfilling beliefs and self-negating beliefs, acceptance of the role of agency, and the conscious use of argument and language as tools of persuasion.

What happens in the darkness? Seasonal variations in tropical benthic fish assemblages

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
C. Duarte ◽  
H. M. V. Espírito-Santo ◽  
J. Zuanon ◽  
L. H. Rapp Py-Daniel ◽  
C. P. Deus
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Benthic Fish ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscape ◽  
Major Tributary ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Using Data

Studies of fish assemblages have demonstrated that the main channels of rivers contain ichthyofauna adapted to this environment. However, information regarding the effects of temporal and spatial variations on this ichthyofauna is scarce. Using data from benthic fish assemblages in a major tributary of the Amazon basin collected during two consecutive receding and two rising water seasons, we tested the hypothesis that there are marked variations in community composition between the receding and rising water seasons. An asymmetry in predictability was detected among samples from the receding and rising seasons. Predictability in terms of species composition was higher for receding than rising seasons. The continual disassembly and reassembly cycles (due to dispersal) of local communities across a spatially heterogeneous landscape could explain this difference. Depth and dissolved oxygen affected the distribution of some benthic fish species during the rising seasons. This study highlights the important contribution of marginal wetlands to the benthic ichthyofauna inhabiting the main channel of the Purus River, as well as other major Amazonian rivers.

scholarly journals Approach to the regional plan elaboration: The case of Kolubara district

Spatium ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Perisic ◽  
Slobodan Mitrovic ◽  
Sasa Milijic
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Implementation Approach ◽  
Regional Plan ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Planning Methodology ◽  
Spatial Plan

The explicit regional planning experiences in Serbia have been elucidated upon the case of the elaboration and implementation approach of the Kolubarski district regional spatial plan. Specific circumstances going along with the plan?s elaboration demanded the advancement of the regional planning methodology with an efficient approach in defining a strong working team organisation, and clear temporal and spatial guidelines. Furthermore, the means were required for the communication improvement between planners and interested groups on the national, regional and particularly local level so as to determine development goals and mediate conflicting interests. In the preparation and consideration of this spatial plan?s elaboration phases, the cooperation between the planners and responsible authorities and expert agencies of the municipalities of Valjevo, Lajkovac, Ljig, Mionica, Osecina and Ub was particularly valuable and useful. The same goes for the Kolubarski district, the Agency for construction and development of the Kolubarski district affected by the earthquake and other expert institutions, organisations and enterprises from this planning region. The achieved cooperation provided for the quality and actuality of the planning propositions and the ensuing approval by the local communities smoothed the Spatial plan?s implementation.

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