Biomaterials: Polylactic Acid and 3D Printing Processes for Orthosis and Prosthesis

Since the development of 3D printing, over the past decades, the domain of application has evolved significantly! Concerning the orthosis and prosthesis manufacturing, the 3D printing offers many possibilities for developing new medical devices for people with disabilities. Our paper wish to synthetize the main 3D printing methods and the biomaterial properties which can be used in orthosis and prosthesis manufacturing, like polylactic acid or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Fused Deposition Modeling and Stereo lithography are most used for medical devices manufacturing and usually using polylactic acid, considering the properties of this polymer and de organic componence.

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Investigation of Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene for Additive Manufacturing

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Implementation and Evaluation of Green Materials in Technology Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1374-3.ch007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 130-154

Author(s):

Shajahan Bin Maidin ◽

Zulkeflee Abdullah ◽

Ting Kung Hieng

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Test Specimen ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Travel Speed ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Butadiene Styrene

One of the disadvantages of fused deposition modeling (FDM) is waste produced during the printing processes. This investigation focuses on using 100% recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) for the FDM process. The recycling begins with re-granule the waste ABS material and produces it into a new filament. The new recycled filament was used to print the test specimen. Investigation on the mechanical properties and the surface quality of the test specimen and comparison with standard ABS specimen was done. The result shows that the recycled ABS can be produced into filament with 335°C of extrusion temperature and 1.5 mm/s travel speed of the extruder conveyor. The surface roughness of recycled specimen is 6.94% higher than the standard ABS specimen. For ultimate tensile strength, there is a small difference in X and Y orientation between the standard and the recycled ABS specimen which are 22.93% and 19.98%, respectively. However, in Z orientation, it is 52.33% lower. This investigation proves that ABS can be recycled without significantly affecting its mechanical properties.

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Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength Testing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Materials for Biomimetic Robotic Applications

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.20.11 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 11-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tran Linh Khuong ◽

Zhao Gang ◽

Muhammad Farid ◽

Rao Yu ◽

Zhuang Zhi Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

3D Printing ◽

Rapid Prototyping ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Printing Technology ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Butadiene Styrene

Biomimetic robots borrow their structure, senses and behavior from animals, such as humans or insects, and plants. Biomimetic design is design ofa machine, a robot or a system in engineeringdomain thatmimics operational and/orbehavioral model of a biological system in nature. 3D printing technology has another name as rapid prototyping technology. Currently it is being developed fastly and widely and is applied in many fields like the jewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industry, education, geographic information system, civil engineering, guns. 3D printing technology is able to manufacture complicated, sophisticated details that the traditional processing method cannot manufacture. Therefore, 3D printing technology can be seen as an effective tool in biomimetic, which can accurately simulate most of the biological structure. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a technology of the typical rapid prototyping. The main content of the article is the focusing on tensile strength test of the ABS-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material after using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, concretization after it’s printed by UP2! 3D printer. The article focuses on two basic features which are Tensile Strength and Determination of flexural properties.

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Acute health effects of desktop 3D printing (fused deposition modeling) using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid materials: An experimental exposure study in human volunteers

Indoor Air ◽

10.1111/ina.12458 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 611-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

I. Gümperlein ◽

E. Fischer ◽

G. Dietrich-Gümperlein ◽

S. Karrasch ◽

D. Nowak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Health Effects ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Experimental Exposure ◽

Exposure Study ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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Izod Impact Strength of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Matetials after Used in UP2! 3D-Printer

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2737 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 713-715 ◽

pp. 2737-2740 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tran Linh Khuong ◽

Zhao Gang ◽

Muhammad Farid ◽

Rao Yu

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Izod Impact Strength ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Izod Impact ◽

Exact Calculations ◽

Butadiene Styrene

3D printing technology which is also named as fast prototypinghas shown excellent resultsto manufacture more complex and sophiscated products;hence is increasingly being developed and widely applied. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most popular 3D printing techniques available today because it's simple and easy to make, these cheap printers nowadays are using this technology. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is the material which is most commonly used among three kinds of common materials of FDM technology ABS, PLA, PVA. To design a patternfor using FDM technology using the printer UP2in particular, the exact calculations and the mechanical properties of the material ABS are required.The article focuses on testing the Izod impact strength.

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Influence of Part Orientation on the Surface Roughness in the Process of Fused Deposition Modeling

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.896.29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 896 ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

Ján Milde ◽

František Jurina ◽

Jozef Peterka ◽

Patrik Dobrovszký ◽

Jakub Hrbál ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

3D Printing ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Orientation Angle ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Geometrical Model ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Part Orientation

The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.

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Experimental Study of the Wear Performance of Fused Deposition Modeling Printed Polycarbonate-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Parts Using Definitive Screening Design and Machine Learning-Genetic Algorithm

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance ◽

10.1007/s11665-021-06408-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Omar Ahmed Mohamed ◽

Syed Hasan Masood ◽

Jahar Lal Bhowmik

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Wear Performance ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Screening Design ◽

Definitive Screening ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Definitive Screening Design ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF NOZZLE DIAMETER IN FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING FOR EXTRUDING POLYLACTIC ACID USING OPEN SOURCE 3D PRINTING

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.6265 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nor Aiman Sukindar ◽

M. K. A. Ariffin ◽

B. T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽

Che Nor Aiza Jaafar ◽

Mohd Idris Shah Ismail

Keyword(s):

Pressure Drop ◽

3D Printing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Nozzle Diameter ◽

Optimum Range ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Geometrical Error ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Printing Time

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies. The 3D Printer has been widely used in the fabrication of 3D products. One of the main issues has been to obtain a high quality for the finished parts. The present study focuses on the effect of nozzle diameter in terms of pressure drop, geometrical error as well as extrusion time. While using polylactic acid (PLA) as a material, the research was conducted using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) by manipulating the nozzle diameter, and the pressure drop along the liquefier was observed. The geometrical error and printing time were also calculated by using different nozzle diameters. Analysis shows that the diameter of the nozzle significantly affects the pressure drop along the liquefier which influences the consistency of the road width thus affecting the quality of the product’s finish. The vital aspect is minimizing the pressure drop to be as low as possible, which will lead to a good quality final product. The results from the analysis demonstrate that a 0.2 mm nozzle diameter contributes the highest pressure drop, which is not within the optimum range. In this study, by considering several factors including pressure drop, geometrical error and printing time, a 0.3 mm nozzle diameter has been suggested as being in the optimum range for extruding PLA material using open-source 3D printing. The implication of this result is valuable for a better understanding of the melt flow behavior of the PLA material and for choosing the optimum nozzle diameter for 3D printing.

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