Сourt as a Subject of Enforcement Proceedings
The specifics of legal relations in the sphere of enforcement proceedings as a procedure for compulsory execution of judicial acts and acts of other specially authorized bodies inevitably affect the features of the procedural position of the judicial bodies in this procedure. In this regard, the authors have attempted to determine the actual legal status of the court in this area and identify the most pressing problems that arise in the implementation of its main powers. To achieve this goal, both General scientific (logical and system) and private scientific (formal legal, comparative legal, legal interpretation) research methods were used. It is established that the court is not a monofunctional body, having multiple procedural functions in this procedure at almost every stage of enforcement proceedings. The authors describe their own classification of the powers of courts of arbitration and courts of General jurisdiction in the procedure of compulsory execution of judicial acts, the provisions of the current legislation and legal positions of legal scholars, the materials of law-enforcement practice of the Federal bailiff service. The author studies problematic issues that arise in the course of the courts' performance of their functions in the framework of enforcement, as well as in the process of interaction with the bodies that perform it. Special attention is also paid to the so-called «judicial rulemaking» carried out by the highest judicial authorities of the Russian Federation, and it is concluded that the authority of their guidelines is gradually increasing, including in the field of enforcement proceedings. In addition, it is concluded that the provisions of the current legislation on enforcement proceedings in conjunction with the array of judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation may in the future become the legal and practical basis for the draft Executive code of the Russian Federation.