scholarly journals THE KURGANS OF BUDZHAK EXPLORED BY F. I. KNAUER: HISTORY OF EXCAVATION, CARTOGRAPHY AND MODERN STATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-422
Author(s):  
І. V. Sapozhnykov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article is observed the archeological activity of the native of German colony of Sarata in Budzhak and the author of first excavations of the barrows of this region, Professor F. I. Knauer. Fedor (Friedrich) Ivan Knauer (1849—1917) graduated the Sarata Teachers College (1865). He studied linguistics, Sanskrit and German at the Universities of Jena and Tubingen, graduated the University of Derpt (1882) where he defended his doctoral thesis (1884). After that he worked at St. Vladimir University in Kiev as Professor of the Department of Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit (from 1886 to 1915). He participated the XI Archaeological Congress in Kiev (1899), XIII (1902, Hamburg) and XVI (1912, Athens) international congresses of orientalists. The scholar engaged in archaeology under the influence of members of the Historical Society of Nestor the Chronist, in particular Professor V. B. Antonovich. One of his tasks was to gather the collection for the creation of the archaeological museum at St. Vladimir’s University. The fieldwork of the scholar in 1888—1889, 1891, and 1899 are described in the paper. During these works he examined 11 barrows on the banks of the rivers Sarat and Kogylnik and found 75—77 graves which were compiled to the chrono-stratigraphic column of burials from the Eneolithic to the Middle Ages. In the special annex to the paper the materials of research of the author of 2018 were revealed, during which the state of the majority of thebarrows of F. I. Knauer was discovered and some of which are proposed to be excavated

A Note on Functional Linguistics in the Middle Ages

Traditio ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons Nehring
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
Future Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The University ◽  
The Middle Ages

Treatises de modis significandi are known to have been a favorite genre of scholastic literature. One of them, by Martinus de Dacia, has lately been made the subject of a thorough study by Father Heinrich Roos, S.J., and will be briefly discussed in these pages. The text of this treatise, and commentaries on it, are found in a fairly large number of manuscripts, of which Fr. Roos presents a list, and which he endeavors to determine in their mutual relation in order to lay the groundwork for a future edition, apparently — as much as any one not himself familiar with the manuscripts can judge — with thoroughness and reliablity (chs. I, II). In some of the manuscripts and in certain other sources the treatise is ascribed to one Martinus de Dacia (Denmark). Very convincingly Fr. Roos demonstrates (ch. III) that this bit of information is correct and that the author was identical with a high-ranking Danish cleric of that name, who at one time was the chancellor of King Eric VI Menved. It is likely that Martinus composed his treatise while he was a professor in the Liberal Arts Faculty of the University of Paris, probably around 1250. The treatise seems to have enjoyed a great reputation, which would be accounted for if Fr. Roos is right in assuming that Martinus set the model for the entire type. In the last two chapters (IV, V) Fr. Roos describes the character and basic ideas of the tractate against the background of the development of scholarship and higher education during the Middle Ages. This historical outline is very interesting and instructive indeed. Nevertheless it provokes criticism regarding two interrelated points, namely, the characterization of scholastic grammar and its position in the history of linguistic studies.

Uly Jіbek joly boıyndaǵy Hanqorǵan qalashyǵynyń orta ǵasyrlardaǵy kórіnіsі jáne qazіrgі jaǵdaıy [Contemporary Condition, Medieval View and Location of the Great Silk Road City Khankorgan]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
E.Ý. Zulpyharova ◽  
◽  
A.Iý. Baltabaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article describes the appearance, modern state, and history of the Khankorgan city study – as a cultural monument of the Sairam region of the Middle Ages during the formation of the Kazakh Khanate. Supplementary, the goal of the article is to fill the gaps in history by studying ancient monuments. Khankorgan is a medieval city (Sairam district of Turkestan region) on the northwestern outskirts of the settlement of the same name (now Madani) on the left bank of the Arys river. It is built on a low floodplain on the left bank of the river. In general, it is recorded as a historical, cultural, and architectural monument of the territory of the modern Turkestan region. This article examines some of the little-studied historical features of the Khankorgan. Мақалада Сайрам ауданының тарихи-мәдени ескерткіші Ханқорған қалашығының орта ғасырлардан Қазақ хандығы тұсы кезеңі аралығындағы көрінісі мен тарихына сипаттама беріліп, қалашықтың зерттелу тарихы қарастырылған. Сонымен қатар, сонау көнеден жеткен ескерткіштерді зерттей отырып, тарих қоржынын толықтыра түсу мақаланың міндеті болып табылады. Ханқорған қалашығы Арыс өзенінің сол жағалауында орналасқан аттас елді мекенінің (қазіргі атауы Мадани) солтүстік-батыс шетіндегі ортағасырлық қала (Сайрам ауданы, Түркістан облысы). Ол сол жағалау бөлігінің аласау жайылма үстіне өзен аңғарына жақын салынған. Жалпы қазіргі Түркістан облысы аумағының тарихи-мәдени және сәулет ескерткіштерін жазбаға түсірген. Бұл мақалада Ханкорған қаласының аз зерттелген тарихи ерекшеліктері қарастырылады.

The State in the Middle Ages. A Comparative Constitutional History of Feudal Europe

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Poggi ◽  
H. Mitteis ◽  
H. F. Orton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

scholarly journals Why Was the New Testament Translated into Hebrew?

Open Theology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Shuali
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
New Testament ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractAfter offering a short overview of the history of Hebrew translations of the New Testament from the Middle Ages to our time, this article focuses on the purposes of the different translations as reflected in what has been written and said about them by the translators themselves and by other people involved in their dissemination. Five such purposes are identified: 1. Jewish polemics against Christianity in the Middle Ages. 2. Christian study of the Hebrew language. 3. The quest for the Hebrew “original” of the New Testament. 4. The mission to the Jews. 5. The needs of the Christian communities in the State of Israel. Concluding remarks are then made regarding the way in which Hebrew translations of the New Testament were perceived throughout the ages and regarding the role they played.

Banks

Money ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith ◽  
James K. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Objection ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter discusses the history of banks as one of three progenitors of money, the others being mints and treasury secretaries or finance ministers. Banking had a substantial presence in Roman times, then declined during the Middle Ages as trade became more hazardous and lending came into conflict with the religious objection to usury. The Renaissance saw the revival of money due in part to trade. It is fair to say that the decline and revival of banking took place in Italy. The banking houses of Venice and Genoa are acknowledged as the precursors of modern commercial banks. The chapter also considers how banking that developed from the seventeenth century spawned cycles of euphoria and panics. Finally, it examines the case of John Law, who established a bank in France that was authorized to issue notes in the form of loans, with the state as the principal borrower.

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