Short-Dwell Cycling Intraperitoneal Cefazolin plus Ceftazidime in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadudee Peerapornratana ◽  
Pajaree Chariyavilaskul ◽  
Talerngsak Kanjanabuch ◽  
Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa ◽  
Somchai Eiam-Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Current Guidelines

BackgroundCurrent guidelines suggest that intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics should be administered only in a long peritoneal dialysis (PD) dwell (≥ 6 hours). The long dwell might result in low ultrafiltration and volume overload. We aim to examine plasma and dialysate concentration of cefazolin and ceftazidime after IP administration in a short-dwell (≤ 2 hours) automated cycling exchange.MethodsStable PD patients without peritonitis were invited to participate in the present study. Patients underwent 5 2-liter exchanges of PD fluid over 10 hours by the PD cycling machine without last fill or additional dwell. Cefazolin and ceftazidime (20 mg/kg each) were added to the first 5-liter bag of 2.5% dextrose PD fluid that was placed on the warmer of the PD cycling machine. Plasma samples were collected at 12 time-points over 24 hours. Dialysate samples from each exchange were also collected. Antibiotic concentrations in plasma and dialysate were then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsSix stable PD patients without peritonitis participated in the study. Dialysate cefazolin and ceftazidime were consistently high throughout the PD session in all patients (26 - 360 mg/L). Plasma cefazolin and ceftazidime exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for susceptible organisms (≤ 8 mg/L) within 2 hours (cefazolin 28.5 ± 8.0 and ceftazidime 12.5 ± 3.4 mg/L), peak at 10 hours (51.1 ± 14.1 and 23.0 ± 5.2 mg/L) and sustained well above the MIC at 24 hours (42.0 ± 9.6 and 17.1 ± 3.1 mg/L).ConclusionsThe short-dwell cycling IP cefazolin and ceftazidime could provide adequate plasma concentration for up to 24 hours. Daily short-dwell cycling IP cefazolin and ceftazidime might be used to treat peritonitis in PD patients already using a PD cycling machine as well as selected continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) patients who need shorter dwells during peritonitis due to increasing peritoneal solute transport.

Intraperitoneal cefazolin and ceftazidime during short-dwell exchange in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Pinpongsarn Triyawatanyu ◽  
Pajaree Chariyavilaskul ◽  
Weeraya Phaisal ◽  
Sadudee Peerapornratana ◽  
Talerngsak Kanjanabuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Target Plasma

Background: Intraperitoneal (IP) cefazolin and ceftazidime during the short-dwell (≤ 2 h) automated exchange has been shown to provide adequate dialysate and plasma concentrations for up to 24 h in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients without peritonitis. This study aimed to evaluate plasma and dialysate concentration of this novel IP cefazolin and ceftazidime regimen during the first 24 h in PD patients with peritonitis. Methods: Cefazolin and ceftazidime (2500 mg each) were added to in to a 5-L bag containing 2.5% of dextrose PD fluid which was placed on the warmer of PD cycling machine. Patients underwent five exchanges of 2-L PD fluid over 10 h by the PD cycling machine without last fill or additional dwell. Plasma samples and dialysate samples were collected over 24 h. Cefazolin and ceftazidime concentrations in plasma and dialysate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Seven PD patients with peritonitis participated in this study. Plasma cefazolin and ceftazidime levels increased substantially within the first few hours, peaked around 6–10 h, and sustained well above the target plasma concentrations (10 mg L−1 for cefazolin and 16 mg L−1 for ceftazidime) until 24 h. Dialysate cefazolin and ceftazidime levels were sustained above the target peritoneal concentrations (2 mg L−1 for cefazolin and 8 mg L−1 for ceftazidime) throughout the PD session except in some samples which the antibiotics levels were unusually low, probably from beta-lactamase activity. Conclusions: IP cefazolin and ceftazidime during the short-dwell automated exchange could provide adequate dialysate and plasma concentrations in peritonitis patients. This novel regimen is a promising regimen for peritonitis in PD patients.

Validation of a Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method With Fluorescence Detection for the Bioequivalence Study of Norfloxacin in Plasma Samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bernadete Sousa Maia ◽  
Ismael Leite Martins ◽  
Demétrius Fernandes do Nascimento ◽  
Adriano Nunes Cunha ◽  
Francisco Evanir Gonçalves de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

scholarly journals PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE AND INCURRED ESOMEPRAZOLE SAMPLE STABILITY IN PLASMA USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY - PHOTODIODE ARRAY

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
YAHDIANA HARAHAP ◽  
AHMAD FARIS ◽  
SUNARSIH .
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Elimination Phase ◽  
Sample Stability ◽  
Photodiode Array

Objective: Esomeprazole (ESO) is one of the proton-pump inhibitors and is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux. It is sensitive to low pH, heat,moisture, and oxidation, which often means that ESO in clinical samples is degraded at the time of storage, affecting analysis results. This study aimedto analyze the in vivo stability of ESO in subjects’ plasma samples by testing the incurred sample stability (ISS) of ESO in plasma following 7, 14, and28 days of storage at two concentrations close to Cmax and one concentration in the elimination phase.Methods: Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column with detection at 300 nm using a photodiodearray detector. Lansoprazole was used as an internal standard.Results: The ESO pharmacokinetics profile in the plasma samples yielded the values of Cmax 704.57–1425.85 ng/mL; tmax is 2.25 h; and AUC0-t is2444 ng.h/mL. ISS testing of plasma samples values were 6.50%, 5.73%, and 4.57% on first Cmax concentration; 3.55%, 4.84%, and 3.68% on 2nd Cmaxconcentration; and 4.04%, 4.80%, and 4.98% on elimination phase concentration.Conclusion: ISS testing results of plasma samples from six healthy subjects who were administered doses of 40 mg of ESO stored for 28 days showedthat it fulfilled the acceptance criteria (<20%) of the 2011 EMEA Bioanalytical Guidelines with a %diff value in all incurred samples of 6.5%.

scholarly journals Optimization and Validation of a novel Nebulizer-assisted Liquid Phase Microextraction Followed by HPLC-DAD for Diazinon Analysis in Plasma Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadzaheri ◽  
Mehdi Ansari Dogaheh ◽  
Maryam Kazemipour ◽  
Kambiz Soltaninejad
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Diode Array Detection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Liquid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Extracting Solvent

Background: Diazinon is among the most prevalently used broad-spectrum organophosphates insecticides. Diazinon toxicity depends on its blood concentration. The current study aimed to extract and determine diazinon in plasma samples using a new Nebulizer -Assisted Liquid-Phase Microextraction followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (NALPME-HPLC-DAD).Methods: Several effective parameters, including the type and volume of extracting solvent, pH, surfactant, salt amount, and nebulizing, were evaluated and optimized to find the best condition for the extraction and determination of diazinon in plasma samples using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). Additionally, the Plackett-Burman design was employed in preliminary experiments to screen the most appropriate parameters. Furthermore, we selected a central composite design to determine the best experimental conditions in NALPME-HPLC-DAD. Results: In an optimum condition, 412 μL of toluene (as extracting solvent) and nebulizing with nitrogen gas as dispersing and emulsification, sodium lauryl sulfate (2.8% w/v) and 100μL sodium chloride (1.5% w/v) in pH 8.1 were selected. The standard calibration curves for diazinon were linear with the concentration range of 0.5–4 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The Limit Of Detection (LOD) and Limit Of Quantification (LOQ) for diazinon were 0.123 µg/mL and 0.372 µg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The proposed method was simple, accurate, precise, and sensitive for analyzing diazinon in the plasma samples. This method can be used for analyzing plasma diazinon concentrations in acute poisoning cases in clinical and forensic toxicology analyses.

Femtomole Quantitation of 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecine (SN-38) in Plasma Samples by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

1999 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Bruijn ◽  
Maja J.A. de Jonge ◽  
Jaap Verweij ◽  
Walter J. Loos ◽  
Kees Nooter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Plasma Samples
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