scholarly journals Stem Volume and Quality of Hybrid and Common Aspen in the Clonal Archive

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Aleksey L. Fedorkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Stem Straightness

Hybrid aspen as a fast growing tree species with short rotation is of interest for the creation of plantation forest crops in intensive forest management. Hybrid aspen wood is used to produce paper, lumber, and plywood, as well as biofuel. The research purpose is to compare the volume and quality of the stem of hybrid and common aspen, and to assess interclonal variability by these features in cold climate areas. The research results of 42 hybrid and 10 common aspen clones in the clonal archive of the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. The archive was laid out in 2009 by 1-year-old rooted seedlings with a closed root system with the placement of plants 3×3 m. Donor plants were obtained at the Haapastensyrjä Tree Breeding Station of the Natural Resources Institute Finland. Scales have been developed for assessing plant health and stem straightness. Herewith, the height of trees, the presence of sores, scars and frost clefts on their stems were recorded. The share of tree-like and shrub-like plants was 70 and 5 %, respectively, with an average survival of 75 % at the 10-year biological age. Hybrid aspen was statistically significant in terms of superiority to standard aspen in diameter by 65 %, height by 49 %, and stem volume by more than 3 times. The share of slightly crooked stems was about 7 %, and the share of stems with bark cracks was about 3 %. Good survival, stem quality, and rapid growth of hybrid aspen made it possible to conclude that it is a promising species for plantation reforestation in the taiga zone.

An investigation of selected properties of teak wood from 9-year-old plantation forest in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Effsal Hadinata ◽  
Paweł Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Wood Demand ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

An investigation of selected properties of teak wood from 9-year-old plantation in Indonesia. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) listed in standard EN 13556:2003 (code TEGR) is known as the most popular species in tropical countries, especially in Indonesia. It has not only good qualities in physical properties and mechanical properties, but it also has an aesthetics pattern. The best teak wood is usually more than 80 years old. It is too long a period of time and cannot fulfil the current wood demand. To fulfil the increasing demand, researchers in Indonesia have developed short rotation teak wood. However, the quality of this wood is rather low. The objectives of this study were to obtain complete information about mechanical, physical and acoustic properties of 9-year-old teak wood, to compare its properties with conventional teak wood and to evaluate the optimal utilization of 9 years-old teak wood based on its properties.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE STEM VOLUME AND TAPER EQUATIONS VOLUME FOR BLACK WATTLE TREES

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Marcos Behling ◽  
Henrique Soares Koehler ◽  
Alexandre Behling
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Black Wattle ◽  
Taper Equations ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Forest Engineering

A system of equations widely used in Forest Engineering by the international community of researchers consists of a combination of a volumetric function and a taper function, with the purpose of making volume estimates compatible. When using the volume function and the taper function in a system, the result of the volume estimated by the two functions should be compatible, meaning that the volume estimated by the volumetric function should not differ from the volume obtained by integrating the taper function. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to develop and present the procedures of a system of equations to make volume estimates from both volume and taper equations compatible, and then compare it to the traditional approach, which is used in forestry companies. The procedures proposed were applied to a data set on the Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (black wattle) at sites where the plantation of this species is concentrated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data set included 343 trees ranging from 5 to 10.75 years of age. It was noted that the lack of volume compatibility, in absolute terms, grows exponentially with the size of the tree. The quality of the estimates using the system of compatible equations did not differ from those obtained from the traditional model, therefore, the former is preferable. Furthermore, it was noted that the residuals from the volume and taper equations are correlated, which suggests that the system of equations be fitted simultaneously.

scholarly journals Biomass and Volume Modeling along with Carbon Concentration Variations of Short-Rotation Poplar Plantations

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihu Dong ◽  
Faris Rafi Almay Widagdo ◽  
Longfei Xie ◽  
Fengri Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Volume Models

Short-rotation forestry is of interest to provide biomass for bioenergy and act as a carbon sink to mitigate global warming. The Poplar tree (Populus × xiaohei) is a fast-growing and high-yielding tree species in Northeast China. In this study, a total of 128 Populus × xiaohei trees from the Songnen Plain, Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China, were harvested. Several available independent variables, such as tree diameter at breast height (D), tree’s total height (H), crown width (CW), and crown length (CL), were differently combined to develop three additive biomass model systems and eight stem volume models for Populus × xiaohei tree. Variance explained within the three additive biomass model systems ranged from 83% to 98%, which was lowest for the foliage models, and highest for the stem biomass models. Similar findings were found in the stem volume models, in which the models explained more than 94% of the variance. The additional predictors, such as H, CL, or CW, evidently enhanced the model fitting and performance for the total and components biomass along with the stem volume models. Furthermore, the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) of the root (118.2 kg/m3), stem (380.2 kg/m3), branch (90.7 kg/m3), and foliage (31.2 kg/m3) were also calculated. The carbon concentrations of Populus × xiaohei in root, stem, branch, and foliage components were 45.98%, 47.74%, 48.32%, and 48.46%, respectively. Overall, the newly established models in this study provided complete and comprehensive tools for quantifying the biomass and stem volume of Populus × xiaohei, which might be essential to be specifically utilized in the Chinese National Forest Inventory.

scholarly journals Production impacts of forest tree breeding on an example of Norway spruce

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
J. Kobliha ◽  
M. Slávik ◽  
V. Hynek ◽  
J. Klápště ◽  
J. Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
The Mean

The present paper evaluates the height, diameter and stem volume of parental tree progenies. These Norway spruce progenies are compared with the control estimated from tables. The control was overperformed in all measured growth parameters. Heights of selected spruce progenies at the age of 26 years ranged from 9.2 m (K10) to 10.7 m (K2). The control height was 6.4 m. In the evaluation of diameters, progeny K4 showed the best mean dbh (13.7 cm) while the progeny K17 was rated as the thinnest (10.5 cm). We compared these data with the control diameter of 6.5 cm. The mean volumes of selected material varied from 0.097 m<sup>3 </sup>(K9) to 0.047 m<sup>3 </sup>(K17) while the kontrol presented 0.0172 m<sup>3</sup>. Keywords: economic efficiency; forest tree breeding; growth; Norway spruce; production

scholarly journals Juvenile response to conifer release alternatives on aspen-white spruce boreal mixedwood sites.Part II: Quality of aspen regeneration

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Greifenhagen ◽  
Douglas G Pitt ◽  
Monique C Wester ◽  
F. Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Stump Sprouting ◽  
Root Suckering

This study, a component of the Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, was designed to investigate the effects of conifer release alternatives on the quality of regenerating trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). A randomized block design was used to compare untreated aspen with aspen growing in areas treated with two broadcast cutting treatments (brushsaw and Silvana Selective) and two broadcast herbicide treatments (glyphosate and triclopyr). The glyphosate treatment virtually eliminated aspen, whereas triclopyr tended to top-kill aspen, resulting in lateral dominance. Both fall cutting treatments generated prolific aspen root suckering and stump sprouting. Stain was common in aspen across the study site in damaged, untreated, and post-treatment stems, indicating that stain develops rapidly in young aspen suckers. Stems damaged by the treatments had higher incidences of decay (33% of cut stems and 10% of herbicide-damaged stems) than untreated aspen (8% of stems); however, decay volume was low for all treatments (1–4% of total stem volume affected). The location of decay (e.g., near ground level in cut stems) and presence of stem crooks in herbicide-treated aspen are important effects of the treatments on aspen quality. Armillaria root disease, which was found throughout the study site, was more prevalent in roots of treatment-damaged and untreated aspen than in suckers that originated post-treatment. These differences can be attributed to proximity to parent stumps, prevalence of root wounds, and older age of damaged and untreated stems. Key words: aspen quality, decay, conifer release, vegetation management, fibre production

Production physiology and morphology of Populus species and their hybrids grown under short rotation. I. Clonal comparisons of 4-year growth and phenology

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ceulemans ◽  
G. Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽  
B. M. Wiard ◽  
J. H. Braatne ◽  
T. M. Hinckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hybrid Superiority ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Number Of Branches

Height and diameter growth, stem volume production, leaf phenology and leaf number, and number of branches of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Bartr., and their F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) were studied for 4 years in a research plantation in western Washington, United States. Twelve clones (three of each species and six of the hybrids) grew under a short-rotation silviculture regime in monoclonal plots at spacings of 1 × 1 m (10 000 stems/ha). Clones represented a north-south gradient within the geographic distribution of both the two North American poplar species and the parentage of the hybrid material. The results support earlier work by contributing additional evidence for the superiority of the hybrids. However, the relative hybrid superiority in these monoclonal plots was less pronounced than that found earlier in field trials with single-tree plots because of heightened intraclonal competition. After 4 years, mean estimated stem volume of the hybrids was 1.5 times that of P. trichocarpa and 2.3 times that of P. deltoides. Total tree height of the hybrids was 1.1 times that off. trichocarpa and 1.3 times that off. deltoides. Clonal variation was the dominant theme in height and diameter growth, stem volume productivity, time of bud break and bud set, tree mortality, and number of branches. Populustrichocarpa had the highest number of sylleptic branches, P. deltoides had the lowest, and hybrids were intermediate. Significant clone by replicate interactions were observed in height, diameter, and volume growth. Phenological traits, such as the dates of bud break and bud set, and the length of growing period only partly explained the observed differences in growth between the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids and the parental species.

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