An investigation of selected properties of teak wood from 9-year-old plantation forest in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Effsal Hadinata ◽  
Paweł Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Wood Demand ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

An investigation of selected properties of teak wood from 9-year-old plantation in Indonesia. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) listed in standard EN 13556:2003 (code TEGR) is known as the most popular species in tropical countries, especially in Indonesia. It has not only good qualities in physical properties and mechanical properties, but it also has an aesthetics pattern. The best teak wood is usually more than 80 years old. It is too long a period of time and cannot fulfil the current wood demand. To fulfil the increasing demand, researchers in Indonesia have developed short rotation teak wood. However, the quality of this wood is rather low. The objectives of this study were to obtain complete information about mechanical, physical and acoustic properties of 9-year-old teak wood, to compare its properties with conventional teak wood and to evaluate the optimal utilization of 9 years-old teak wood based on its properties.

Effects of Wood Modification Using Natural Resin on Wood Quality and Bonding Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Navis Rofii ◽  
Ragil Widyorini ◽  
Ganis Lukmandaru
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Wood Modification ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Gum Rosin ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Petroleum Oil

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gum rosin impregnation upon a low quality young teak wood in order to enhance its quality. The main objective of the treatment was to enhance the dimensional stability, as well as strength and to reduce the hygroscopicity. A 15-years old thinned teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.) and gum rosin from Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vries were used for wood modification treatment by impregnation. Three kinds of non-polar solvents, i.e. turpentine oil, petroleum oil and n-hexane-, were used to make gum rosin solution. The results indicated that gum rosin impregnation did not markedly enhance the quality of young teak wood in terms of either dimensional stability or hygroscopicity; however, a little enhancement was delivered by using 15% gum rosin solution with n-hexane as the solvent. The treatment with petroleum oil solvent (at concentration of 7.5%) and at 15% concentration with n-hexane solvent resulted in highest bending properties. The highest bonding strength in dry condition was resulted by treatment with turpentine oil solvent.

Study on Volatile Substances of Different Provenances Teak(Tectona Grandis L.f) Wood by TGA

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Cheng Ping Xie ◽  
Kai Fu Li ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Jin Ling Lin ◽  
Kai Meng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

The inherent odor of teak wood has repellent, and has an obvious effects on animals and human. In this work, the weight loss of volatile substances of different provenances teak including India, Nigeria and Thailand has been studied by TGA. The emmision of volatile substances starts at 30°C and ends at 100°C, lossing weight of the all samples are very less in the range of 100-200°C. When the temperature is in the range of 200-250°C, the hemi-cellulose and cellulose is pyrolyzed and the char starts to form. The results all the curves of TGA for the teak samples is similar, the sapwood losing weight is clearly higher than the heartwood for the same provenance teak. The volatile substances of sapwood are ranked as follows:V3071> V3070> V3072> V8024> V3074> V1009> V3078> V1007, and the heartwood: V3074> V3070> V1009> V8024> V3072> V3071> V3078> V1007.

scholarly journals Dimensional Stability and Characteristics of Modified Young Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Wood with PEG-1000

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Tomy Listyanto ◽  
Muhammad Navis Rofii ◽  
Keisuke Ando ◽  
Nobuaki Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Machining Test ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F ◽  
Concentration Levels

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wood modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-1000 at five concentrations to improve dimensional stability, drying, machining and finishing characteristics of young teak wood. A total of 12 samples for each treatment was prepared to measure an Anti Shrink Efficiency (ASE), as a parameter of dimensional stability and its drying characteristics. Six samples for each treatment were prepared to evaluate machining and finishing characteristics. PEG-1000 with five concentration levels of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% were impregnated to modify the samples, except control. Afterward, all samples were kiln dried to gain 12% moisture content. ASE was determined by comparing shrinkage percentage of treated sample with those of untreated one. Warping and surface checks were measured as drying characteristics and machining test was conducted in accordance to ASTM D1666-2004. After coating with a nitrocellulose system, surface quality were evaluated by conducting cross-cut test (ASTM D3359), coin test, delamination test (SNI 01-5008.2-1999b) and glossyness test (SNI-06-6052-1999a). Result shows that dimensional stability of impregnated samples with concentration of 30~60% was successfully improved, with ASE of 52~62%. All treated samples demonstrated good drying characteristics and defect-free areas which were more than 90% under machining test. Surface evaluation by delamination test, glossyness test, and coin test indicated that all impregnated samples were well coated by a nitrocellulose system. However, only impregnated samples in concentration of 20% and 30% showed a good result in cross-cut test. Impregnation with PEG-1000 in concentration of 30% is recommended to modify young teak wood. 

scholarly journals ALTERAÇÕES TEMPORAIS NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA DE TECA EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Diogo Guido Streck Vendruscolo ◽  
Clebson Lima Cerqueira ◽  
João Paulo Sardo Madi ◽  
Raiane Scandiane da Silva ◽  
Samuel de Pádua Chaves e Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F ◽  
Smirnov Test

Objetivou-se neste estudo modelar e avaliar as alterações temporais da distribuição diamétrica em povoamentos experimentais de teca (Tectona grandis L.f) com diferentes espaçamentos implantados na região de Cáceres-MT. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 11, 16 e 17 anos de idade, com a base de dados proveniente da medição do diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura (dap) nas parcelas. Para a modelagem diamétrica, adotou-se a função Weibull com três parâmetros e a qualidade dos ajustes foi avaliada através do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A função de Weibull com três parâmetros descreveu com precisão a distribuição diamétrica de teca em diferentes idades e espaçamentos. O aumento do espaçamento e da idade proporcionou um deslocamento modal para a direita em função do crescimento em dap das árvores. O ingresso de árvores nas sucessivas classes de diâmetro é menor em maiores densidades independentemente da idade, verifica-se que houve uma estagnação no crescimento nos diferentes tratamentos, com mais evidência para o mais adensado (3×2 m) indicando a necessidade de intervenção silvicultural por meio de desbastes.Palavras-chave: Tectona grandis; densidade de plantio; modelagem diamétrica; manejo florestal. TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE DIAMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF TEAK IN DIFFERENT SPACINGS ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to model and evaluate the temporal changes in the diametric distribution of experimental stands of teak (Tectona grandis L. f) in different spacings in the region of Cáceres-MT, Brazil. The evaluations were made at 11, 16 and 17 years of age, with the database coming from measurement of the diameter at 1.3m height (dbh) in the plots. For diametric modeling, we adopted the Weibull function with three parameters and the quality of the adjustments was by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Weibull function accurately described the diametric distribution of teak at different ages and spacings. The increase in spacing and age provide the modal shift to the right as a function of the growth in dbh of the trees. The entrance of trees in successive diameter classes is smaller in higher densities regardless of age, with more evidence for the denser one (3 × 2 m) indicating the need for silvicultural intervention through thinning.Keywords: Tectona grandis; planting density; diametric modeling; forest management.

scholarly journals Proportion and quality of heartwood in Togolese teak (Tectona grandis L.f.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 189 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adzo Dzifa Kokutse ◽  
Henri Baillères ◽  
Alexia Stokes ◽  
Kouami Kokou
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK JATI (Tectona grandis Linn.f) DI PT. MELAPI TIMBER, KALIMANTAN TIMUR Identify Suitable Land for Jati (Tectona grandis L.f) in PT. Melapi Timber, East Kalimantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Susanti . ◽  
Prijanto Pamoengkas ◽  
Cahyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Factor Matching ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Land evaluation of a tract of land, for its suitability to be planted with a particular plantation species is an importantstep for species choice in plantation forest. A weight factor matching (WFM) approach of this study, was used to identifysuitable land for jati (Tectona grandis L.f) in PT. Melapi Timber, East Kalimantan. Land suitability is affected by climate,soil and topograph. According to WFM, the results indicated that important variables which limit T. grandis in theresearch area were pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), potassium (P) and soil depth condition. The study results showthat 4 of 5 land units are marginally suitable (S3) for T. grandis cultivation in PT. Melapi Timber.Key words: Land evaluation, suitability, Tectona grandis L.f., weight factor matching (WFM)

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AGE ON HEARTWOOD / SAPWOOD RELATIONSHIP, EXTRACTIVE CONTENTE, AND PERMEABILITY OF TEAK WOOD

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Wagner Davel Canal ◽  
Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho ◽  
Angélica De Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
Fabiana Paiva De Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
Maximum Permeability ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Due to the physiological differences in the juvenile and adult phases of teak wood, differentiation occurs in the impregnation by extractive materials along the heartwood regions, assuming that there is also a significant variation in the permeability of this material. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the influence of age on the heartwood / sapwood ratio (H/S), permeability, and extractives content of Tectona grandis L.f wood. Four ages (10, 12, 14, and 16 years) and four trees (repetitions) were evaluated, totaling 16 samples. The H/S ratio, extractive content, and wood permeability were determined, in addition to the average and maximum permeability among all ages selected for calculation of their porosity. The H/S ratio increased over the ages of 10 and 16, and the content of extractive materials increased until the age of 14. There was a high heterogeneity between the permeability values of the wood at all ages analyzed, and one of the possible explanations for this fact is the presence of tyloses in different places on the trunk and the arrangement of the pores around the growth rings.

scholarly journals Wood characterization of Tectona grandis L. F. cultivated in Brazil: a review of the last 30 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e162101421549
Author(s):  
Israel Luiz de Lima ◽  
Maurício Ranzini ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽  
Juraci de Andrade Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Teak Wood

Worldwide, Tectona grandis (teak) is recognized for its productivity and the quality of its wood. The Brazilian market is already seen as a great potential for consumption and production of teak wood. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the teak wood grown in Brazil through a bibliographic survey of the results already available. In general, it was found that the teak wood planted in Brazil has a certain variability in its technological properties, and these variations are due to the origin, genetic material, age, planting location and the cycle used in the management of the forest. In a way, we still do not have much research on the quality of teak wood, and it would be important to implement research programs and experiments that consider the different genetic materials, growing environments, planting spacing, silvicultural tracts and ages of cutting, to allow greater knowledge about the growth and the factors that can influence the quality of the wood to be produced.

scholarly journals Stem Volume and Quality of Hybrid and Common Aspen in the Clonal Archive

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Aleksey L. Fedorkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Stem Straightness

Hybrid aspen as a fast growing tree species with short rotation is of interest for the creation of plantation forest crops in intensive forest management. Hybrid aspen wood is used to produce paper, lumber, and plywood, as well as biofuel. The research purpose is to compare the volume and quality of the stem of hybrid and common aspen, and to assess interclonal variability by these features in cold climate areas. The research results of 42 hybrid and 10 common aspen clones in the clonal archive of the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. The archive was laid out in 2009 by 1-year-old rooted seedlings with a closed root system with the placement of plants 3×3 m. Donor plants were obtained at the Haapastensyrjä Tree Breeding Station of the Natural Resources Institute Finland. Scales have been developed for assessing plant health and stem straightness. Herewith, the height of trees, the presence of sores, scars and frost clefts on their stems were recorded. The share of tree-like and shrub-like plants was 70 and 5 %, respectively, with an average survival of 75 % at the 10-year biological age. Hybrid aspen was statistically significant in terms of superiority to standard aspen in diameter by 65 %, height by 49 %, and stem volume by more than 3 times. The share of slightly crooked stems was about 7 %, and the share of stems with bark cracks was about 3 %. Good survival, stem quality, and rapid growth of hybrid aspen made it possible to conclude that it is a promising species for plantation reforestation in the taiga zone.

scholarly journals Kajian Vegetasi Kawasan Pasca Tambang Marmer di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

SAINTEKBU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Emilia Juliyanti Bria ◽  
Remigius Binsasi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
North Central ◽  
Schleichera Oleosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Marble is one of the industrial materials of high economic value and very beneficial to people's lives. Therefore, many explorations are done by mining companies. Exploitation of natural resources on a large scale without regard to the carrying capacity of the environment, can lead to drastic decline in the quality of the ecosystem. This is what happened in the post-mine forest area of ​​Oenbit Village, North Central Timor District. This study aims to identify and calculate the abundance of plants and environmental factors that affect the plants in the post-marble area of ​​Oenbit village. The method used is quadratic / plot method. The results showed that plant species with significant values ​​above 80.00% were Anacardium occidentale L. (125.69%), Tamarindus indica L. (122.17%), Tectona grandis L.f (87.32%), and Schleichera oleosa (Lour .) Oken (82.67%). Abiotic environmental factors measured at the study sites are soil pH, soil moisture, air temperature, air humidity and light intensity. The results of these measurements showed no significant difference.

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