The Clinical Effect of Super Oxidized Water Mouthwash on The Periodontal Parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Index And Bleeding on Probing) for Patients with Dental Biofilm Induced Gingivitis

Abstract Objective: To determine the most appropriate oral hygiene motivation method (OHMM) for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 orthodontic patients, scheduled for their regular controls, were included in this study. The patients were divided into five groups (n = 30) according to the verbal OHMM and instructed as follows: only verbal information (V), verbal information with demonstration on model (M), verbal information with demonstration on model and self application by the patient (M+A), verbal information using the illustration catalog (I), and verbal information using the illustration catalog and self application by the patient (I+A). All of the applications of the patients were made under the supervision of the clinicians. The periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were recorded at the baseline (before the instructions of the OHMM), 1 week later, and 4 weeks after the OHMM. Results: All periodontal parameters showed significant decreases after 4 weeks in all OHMM groups (P < .05). I+A group has significantly lower PI scores and BOP percentages than the other groups (P < .05) after 4 weeks. The difference between the V group and M+A, I, and I+A groups in the GI scores were significant (P < .05), and the I+A group has presented the lowest GI score. Conclusions: The OHMM applied by the patients under the supervision of the clinician seemed to be more successful in the elimination of plaque and inflammatory symptoms in patients with fixed appliances.

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Gingival Inflammatory Indices and Dental Stain Index after Using Aloe Vera-Green Tea Mouthwash, Matrica Mouthwash, or 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash Compared with Placebo in Patients with Gingival Inflammation

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601913010214 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 214-220

Author(s):

Jaber Yaghini ◽

Narges Naghsh ◽

Sayed Mohsen Sadeghi ◽

Samaneh Soltani

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Green Tea ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of composition of aloe vera-green tea, matrica, and chlorhexidine on gingival inflammatory indices and dental stain index. Materials & Methods: In this double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial, anti-inflammatory, anti-plaque formation, and dental staining effects of two herbal mouthwashes, including aloe vera-green tea and matrica in comparison with chlorhexidine in 60 patients with plaque induced gingivitis referring to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry were evaluated. The indices evaluated in this study were plaque index (Silness and Loe), gingival index (Loe and Silness), bleeding on probing index (Ainamo and Bay) and dental stain index (Lobene stain index). They were evaluated on the first day of using mouthwashes and two weeks later. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. One-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc, and paired t and Chi-square tests (α=0.05) were used as appropriate. Results: There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of the mean values of plaque index, gingival index, BOP index, and stain index before the application of mouthwash. However, after mouthwash application, the mean values of indices were significantly different between the four groups. Aloe vera-green tea and chlorhexidine mouthwashes reduced plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing index significantly and there was no significant difference between these two mouthwashes (P>0.05). The effect of matrica mouthwash on plaque index and gingival index was significantly lower than aloe vera-green tea and chlorhexidine (P<0.05). The mean reduction in BOP index was not significantly different between the aloe vera-green tea, chlorhexidine, and matrica groups. Regarding dental stain index, both herbal mouthwashes caused significantly lower dental stain in comparison with chlorhexidine (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that aloe vera-green tea mouthwash may be an effective mouthwash owing to its antiplaque and anti-inflammatory properties and may be an ideal substitute for chlorhexidine. Clinical Trial: The clinical trial code: IR.MUI.REC.1395.3.573

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Association of Periodontal Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601913010478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 478-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fathima F. Farook ◽

Ka Ting Ng ◽

Nuzaim MNM ◽

Wen J. Koh ◽

Wan Y. Teoh

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Healthy Cohort ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Introduction: Several articles have suggested a potential synergistic relationship between periodontal disease and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus. However, the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS population remain unclear in the literature. Objective: The primary aim of this review is to examine the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS with different scoring methods, namely clinical attachment loss, probing depth, gingival index, percentage of bleeding on probing and plaque index. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for observational studies and case-control studies from its inception until 2nd June, 2019. Case reports, case series, non-systematic reviews and trials published as abstracts were excluded. Results: Four articles (614 subjects) were included for analysis. Out of 614 subjects, 329 PCOS patients were compared to 285 healthy subjects. In comparison to healthy cohort, women with PCOS had a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss (MD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.55, ρ=0.002), probing depth (MD: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21-0.48, ρ<0.001), gingival index (MD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.70-1.11, ρ<0.001) and percentage of bleeding on probing (MD: 34.41, 95% CI: 20.23-48.59, ρ<0.001). No difference was demonstrated in plaque index (MD: 0.42, 95% CI: -0.29-1.12, ρ=0.24) for both PCOS and healthy cohort. Conclusion: PCOS is significantly associated with a higher severity of the periodontal disease. This association should be emphasized during the management of PCOS patients, by including referral to dentists or periodontists for regular mechanical debridement of plaque and periodontal maintenance.

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Significance of the Width of Keratinized Mucosa on the Health Status of the Supporting Tissue Around Implants Supporting Overdentures

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00035.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 232-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Mehdi Adibrad ◽

Mohammad Shahabuei ◽

Mahasti Sahabi

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Index Score ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Bone Level ◽

Keratinized Mucosa ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Periodontal Attachment

Abstract Our objective was to determine the association between keratinized mucosa width and the health status of the supporting tissue around implants supporting overdentures. Sixty-six functioning dental implants were examined. Periodontal parameters measured included gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, mucosal recession, periodontal attachment level, radiographic bone level, and width of keratinized mucosa. A negative correlation was found between keratinized mucosa width and mucosal recession and periodontal attachment level. When data were dichotomized by keratinized mucosa width, the mean gingival index score, plaque index score, and bleeding on probing were significantly higher for those implants with a narrow zone (<2 mm) of keratinized mucosa. A wider mucosal band (≥2 mm) was associated with less mucosal recession and periodontal attachment loss compared with a narrow (<2 mm) band. The absence of adequate keratinized mucosa around implants supporting overdentures was associated with higher plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, and mucosal recession.

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Efficacy of glycine powder air-polishing combined with scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis and halitosis: A randomised clinical study

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060517705540 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 1168-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ayse Caygur ◽

Mohammed R. Albaba ◽

Atilla Berberoglu ◽

Hasan Guney Yilmaz

Keyword(s):

Plaque Index ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Root Planing ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Time Point

Introduction This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using the Perio-Flow device (Electro Medical Systems, Nyon, Switzerland) adjunctively with mechanical instrumentation on periodontal parameters and halitosis. Materials and Methods Sixty patients who presented with a 4- to 6-mm probing pocket depth were recruited for the study. Patients were randomly assigned to scaling and root planing (SRP) or SRP + glycine powder air-polishing (GPAP). For both groups, the plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level scores were recorded at baseline and 1 month. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) were measured by a Halimeter (Interscan Corp., Chatsworth, CA, USA) at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at 7, 14, and 30 days. Results Both groups showed significantly lower plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level gain scores at 1 month than at baseline. No significant differences were found between the groups at any time point. The VSCs were significantly different at 1 month compared with baseline in both groups. However, the intergroup comparisons of VSCs were not statistically significant at any time point. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, SRP is effective for treatment of periodontitis and halitosis. However, using GPAP adjunctively with mechanical instrumentation has no beneficial effects on halitosis or periodontal parameters.

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Comparison of effects of bracket types and treatment duration on periodontal health of adult patients

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.25259/apos-8-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 94-98

Author(s):

Gülbahar Ustaoglu ◽

Yasemin Nur Korkmaz ◽

Koray Halicioglu ◽

Özge Uysal

Keyword(s):

Treatment Duration ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Conventional Brackets

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fixed orthodontic treatments with steel-ligated conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets (SLBs) on periodontal clinical parameters. Materials and Methods Seventy-seven patients (24 male and 53 female) aged between 18 and 30 years were enrolled in the study. Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) index were obtained from all the bonded teeth. Results When the effect of bracket type and duration of treatment on gingival tissues was examined, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment times (P = 0.670) and bracket types (P = 0.596) in terms of PI. The GI was significantly different between the different treatment durations (P = 0.045); it was higher in patients with a treatment duration of 18–36 months. However, the GI did not change according to the bracket types (P = 0.270). This result was not significantly different between different treatment durations (P = 0.270). There was no significant difference between the treatment periods (P = 0.189) in terms of BOP index, and this result did not change according to the bracket types (P = 0.621). Conclusion SLBs do not require ligatures, which may facilitate plaque accumulation. However, our results showed that SLBs were not advantageous over CBs in terms of periodontal health.

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Single tooth restoration in the maxillary esthetic zone using a one-piece ceramic implant with 1 year of follow-up: case series

International Journal of Implant Dentistry ◽

10.1186/s40729-021-00308-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miren Vilor-Fernández ◽

Ana-María García-De-La-Fuente ◽

Xabier Marichalar-Mendia ◽

Ruth Estefanía-Fresco ◽

Luis-Antonio Aguirre-Zorzano

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Marginal Bone Loss ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Zirconia Implants ◽

Ceramic Implant

Abstract Background Oral implants have helped clinicians to improve the quality of life for many patients. The material of choice for dental implants currently remains titanium type IV, whose mechanical and biological properties have been proven throughout the history of implantology. Yet, this material is not exempt from complications. For these reasons, ceramic alternatives to titanium have emerged. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate peri-implant hard and soft tissue stability with the use of a one-piece ceramic implant (Straumann® PURE Ceramic Implant) during 1 year of follow-up. Study design One-piece all-ceramic zirconia (ZrO2) implants were placed to replace single missing teeth in the esthetic zone. Six to 8 weeks after the procedure, the definitive prosthesis was fabricated. At the time of prosthesis, placement (T0) photographs and periapical radiographs were taken, and the following clinical parameters were recorded: probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration on probing (SOP), distance from gingival margin to incisal edge (GM-IE), and Jemt papilla index (JPI). Follow-up appointments were scheduled at 4 (T4), 8 (T8), and 12 (T12) months, when the same parameters were recorded. In addition, plaque control was reinforced and prophylaxis was carried out. In this last appointment, a final periapical radiograph was taken to assess marginal bone loss. Results A total of 32 zirconia implants were placed in 28 patients (16 women and 12 men, aged between 34 and 67 years). The survival and success rate were 96.9%. The increase in probing depth from baseline to 12 months was 0.78 mm. Assessments of plaque index and bleeding on probing showed a slight increase throughout the study. Conclusions The results obtained with the Straumann® PURE Ceramic implants show them to exhibit very good clinical behavior. The survival rate of the implants of our pilot study was 96.9%. For these reasons, we can say that zirconia implants could be an alternative to titanium implants in the esthetic zone.

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Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Periodontitis among Saudi Population

European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Fathy M. Elfasakhany ◽

Omaima N. Al-Qahtani ◽

Asmaa M. Badri ◽

Hala A. Abuelela

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Equilibrium Analysis ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Saudi Population ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Probing Depth ◽

The Mean

Abstract Objective Genetic and environmental factors have important roles in the development of periodontitis. We aimed to assess the relation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms and the susceptibility of periodontitis in Saudi population in Makkah region. Materials and Methods In total, 86 unrelated patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis and 86 controls were enrolled in this study. Evaluation of the periodontal state was performed by using plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and attachment loss. Extraction of genomic DNA from peripheral blood and genotyping of VDR gene ApaI G/T (rs7975232) and TaqI T/C (rs731236) polymorphisms were performed by utilizing polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion. Results There were statistically significant differences between both groups regarding the mean bleeding on probing, mean probing depth, mean plaque index, and the mean attachment level (p < 0.001) indicating that the matching based on the investigated groups was adequate. The examined populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of the genotype and allele frequencies of both VDR ApaI and TaqI single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that they were statistically indifferent between the control group and the periodontitis subjects (p> 0.05). Conclusion These results suggested that VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms might not be related to the susceptibility of periodontal disease in the Saudi subjects in Makkah region.

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Effects on Gingivitis of Two Different 0.4% SnF2 Gels

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345880670021501 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 503-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R.L. Boyd ◽

P.J. Leggott ◽

P.B. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

High Availability ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Bleeding Tendency ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

The One

For nine months we monitored the periodontal health of 81 adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, to determine whether daily use of a brush-on 0.4% SnF 2 gel would be better than toothbrushing alone in maintaining periodontal health in these patients, and whether a gel supplying a high percentage of available Sn2+ ion would be more beneficial than a gel supplying a low percentage of available Sn2+ ion. The subjects were matched for age and sex and placed into a control group, which used toothbrushing alone, and two treatment groups, which used toothbrushing supplemented with daily use of a SnF2 gel. One treatment group used a gel with 98% available Sn2+ ion twice daily for the entire nine months. The other treatment group used a gel with less than 2% available Sn2+ once a day for six months, then twice a day for the remaining three months of the study. Clinical assessments (Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Bleeding Tendency, pocket depth, and coronal staining) were made before appliances were placed and at one, three, six, and nine months after appliances were placed. Results indicated that the group using the high-availability Sn 2+ gel twice daily had significantly lower Gingival Index and Bleeding Tendency scores at the one-, three-, six-, and nine-month examinations than did the control group. The group using the low-availability Sn2+ gel showed no significant differences in these assessments from the control group. Neither treatment group showed significant differences from the control group in Plaque Index or pocket depth. In the group using the high-availability Sn2+ gel, one subject developed mild coronal staining, and two developed moderate staining.

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Periodontal health of anterior teeth with two types of fixed retainers

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/060314-398.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 699-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Andrew I. Corbett ◽

V. Leroy Leggitt ◽

Nikola Angelov ◽

Greg Olson ◽

Joseph M. Caruso

Keyword(s):

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Fixed Retainers

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the periodontal health of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth retained with two types of fixed retainers. Materials and Methods: A fixed straight retainer (SR) group had 39 subjects, and a fixed wave retainer (WR) group had 35 subjects. Subjects were between the ages of 13 and 22 years and had been in fixed retention for 2 to 4 years. Pocket probing depths, bleeding on probing, plaque index, calculus index, recession, and gingival crevicular fluid volume were compared between the two retainer groups. A four-question oral hygiene survey was given to each subject. The Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher exact test was used to analyze the data. Results: There was no clinically significant difference between the retainer groups regarding plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid volume, calculus index, recession, bleeding on probing, and pocket probing depths. A statistically significant increase in the reported frequency of flossing (P = .006) and ease of flossing (P < .001) was associated with the WR group. There was no significant difference between the groups in reported frequency of brushing and comfort of the retainer. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, no clinical difference was found in the periodontal health of anterior teeth retained with a SR or WR for a period of 2 to 4 years. Subjects in the WR group reported an increase in frequency and ease of flossing.

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