scholarly journals The effect of intrinsic image memorability on recollection and familiarity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Broers ◽  
N.A. Busch
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Operating Characteristics

AbstractMany photographs of real-life scenes are very consistently remembered or forgotten by most people, making these images intrinsically memorable or forgettable. Although machine vision algorithms can predict a given image’s memorability very well, nothing is known about the subjective quality of these memories: are memorable images recognized based on strong feelings of familiarity or on recollection of episodic details? We tested people’s recognition memory for memorable and forgettable scenes selected from image memorability databases, which contain memorability scores for each image, based on large-scale recognition memory experiments. Specifically, we tested the effect of intrinsic memorability on recollection and familiarity using cognitive computational models based on receiver operating characteristics (ROCs; Experiment 1 and 1) and on remember/know (R/K) judgments (Experiment 1). The ROC data of Experiment 1 indicated that image memorability boosted memory strength, but did not find a specific effect on recollection or familiarity. By contrast, ROC data from Experiment 1, which was designed to facilitate encoding and, in turn, recollection, found evidence for a specific effect of image memorability on recollection. Moreover, R/K judgments showed that, on average, memorability boosts recollection rather than familiarity. However, we also found a large degree of variability in these judgments across individual images: some images actually achieved high recognition rates by exclusively boosting familiarity rather than recollection. Together, these results show that current machine vision algorithms that can predict an image’s intrinsic memorability in terms of hit rates fall short of describing the subjective quality of human memories.

scholarly journals The effect of intrinsic image memorability on recollection and familiarity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Broers ◽  
Niko Busch
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Operating Characteristics

Many photographs of real-life scenes are very consistently remembered or forgotten by most people, making these images intrinsically memorable or forgettable. Although machine vision algorithms can predict a given image’s memorability very well, nothing is known about the subjective quality of these memories: are memorable images recognized based on strong feelings of familiarity or on recollection of episodic details? We tested people’s recognition memory for memorable and forgettable scenes selected from image memorability databases, which contain memorability scores for each image, based on large-scale recognition memory experiments. Specifically, we tested the effect of intrinsic memorability on recollection and familiarity using cognitive computational models based on Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROCs; Experiment 1 and 2) and on remember/know (R/K) judgments (Experiment 2). The ROC data of experiment 1 indicated that image memorability boosted memory strength, but did not find a specific effect on recollection or familiarity. By contrast, ROC data from Experiment 2, which was designed to facilitate encoding and, in turn, recollection, found more evidence for a specific effect of image memorability on recollection. Moreover, R/K judgments showed that, on average, memorability boosts recollection rather than familiarity. However, we also found a large degree of variability in these ratings across individual images: some images actually achieved high recognition rates by exclusively boosting familiarity rather than recollection. Together, these results show that current machine vision algorithms that can predict an image’s intrinsic memorability in terms of hit rates fall short of describing the subjective quality of human memories.

Application of simulation technologies in the analysis of granular material behaviour during transport and storage

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Chapelle ◽  
N Christakis ◽  
J Wang ◽  
N Strusevich ◽  
M. K. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Size Segregation ◽  
Materials Handling ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
And Storage

Problems in the preservation of the quality of granular material products are complex and arise from a series of sources during transport and storage. In either designing a new plant or, more likely, analysing problems that give rise to product quality degradation in existing operations, practical measurement and simulation tools and technologies are required to support the process engineer. These technologies are required to help in both identifying the source of such problems and then designing them out. As part of a major research programme on quality in particulate manufacturing computational models have been developed for segregation in silos, degradation in pneumatic conveyors, and the development of caking during storage, which use where possible, micro-mechanical relationships to characterize the behaviour of granular materials. The objective of the work presented here is to demonstrate the use of these computational models of unit processes involved in the analysis of large-scale processes involving the handling of granular materials. This paper presents a set of simulations of a complete large-scale granular materials handling operation, involving the discharge of the materials from a silo, its transport through a dilute-phase pneumatic conveyor, and the material storage in a big bag under varying environmental temperature and humidity conditions. Conclusions are drawn on the capability of the computational models to represent key granular processes, including particle size segregation, degradation, and moisture migration caking.

MarineTech Project—Attracting Students towards Math and Science Careers in Shipbuilding and Repair Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Alok K. Verma ◽  
Ray Ferrari ◽  
Manorama Talaiver ◽  
Sueanne E. McKinney ◽  
Daniel Dickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Science Instruction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Pedagogical Issues ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Math And Science

Low enrollment and high attrition rates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) based degree programs have created a shortage of workforce in industries such as shipbuilding and repair that are important for national security. Part of this problem can be attributed to pedagogical issues such as lack of engaging hands-on activities used for math and science instruction in middle and high schools. Another reason for this is that the teachers are not trained in taking an integrated approach to teaching math and science. This has led to large-scale flight and attrition from STEM-based career tracks. Consequently, engineering and engineering technology programs throughout the nation have observed declining graduation rates and quality of incoming students. To engage students' interest in STEM-based careers, it is important that students establish a link between the math and science instruction and its application to solve real-life problems early in their learning experience. Project-based activities have a proven record as a pedagogical method. Effectiveness of this pedagogy has been supported by research in the acquisition and retention of knowledge. The MarineTech Project funded by the State Council of Higher Education of Virginia and supported by the shipbuilding and repair industry has attempted to address the quality of STEM education in Virginia by developing project-based learning kits and providing professional development training in the use of these kits. The project also provided teacher training in 21st century skills and integrated math and science education while increasing awareness of teachers about the shipbuilding and repair industry. The paper presents the motivation behind developing these project-based learning (PBL) modules, issues related to implementation, and results from student and teacher workshops.

scholarly journals Predicting the Quality of Short Narratives from Social Media

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Boyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Automatic Evaluation ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Difficult Challenge

An important and difficult challenge in building computational models for narratives is the automatic evaluation of narrative quality. Quality evaluation connects narrative understanding and generation as generation systems need to evaluate their own products. To circumvent difficulties in acquiring annotations, we employ upvotes in social media as an approximate measure for story quality. We collected 54,484 answers from a crowd-powered question-and-answer website, Quora, and then used active learning to build a classifier that labeled 28,320 answers as stories. To predict the number of upvotes without the use of social network features, we create neural networks that model textual regions and the interdependence among regions, which serve as strong benchmarks for future research. To our best knowledge, this is the first large-scale study for automatic evaluation of narrative quality.

scholarly journals Effects of front-of-pack labels on the nutritional quality of supermarket food purchases: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Dubois ◽  
Paulo Albuquerque ◽  
Olivier Allais ◽  
Céline Bonnet ◽  
Patrice Bertail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
The Mean

AbstractTo examine whether four pre-selected front-of-pack nutrition labels improve food purchases in real-life grocery shopping settings, we put 1.9 million labels on 1266 food products in four categories in 60 supermarkets and analyzed the nutritional quality of 1,668,301 purchases using the FSA nutrient profiling score. Effect sizes were 17 times smaller on average than those found in comparable laboratory studies. The most effective nutrition label, Nutri-Score, increased the purchases of foods in the top third of their category nutrition-wise by 14%, but had no impact on the purchases of foods with medium, low, or unlabeled nutrition quality. Therefore, Nutri-Score only improved the nutritional quality of the basket of labeled foods purchased by 2.5% (−0.142 FSA points). Nutri-Score’s performance improved with the variance (but not the mean) of the nutritional quality of the category. In-store surveys suggest that Nutri-Score’s ability to attract attention and help shoppers rank products by nutritional quality may explain its performance.

scholarly journals How you choose is as important as what you choose: Subjective quality of choice predicts well-being and academic performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Leontiev ◽  
Evgeny N. Osin ◽  
Anna K. Fam ◽  
Elena Y. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Choice Context

Abstract The paper proposes a new approach to measuring key parameters of choice as intentional activity. We developed and validated a 23-item questionnaire called the Subjective Quality of Choice (SQC) which measures four qualitative dimensions of choice: elaboration, emotional valence, autonomy, and satisfaction with the outcome. Three validation studies are presented. In the first study respondents from a large online sample evaluated the quality of important choices they made in life. Using structural equation modeling, we confirmed the structure of the SQC and investigated the associations of its scales with other measures. In the second study using a longitudinal design we replicated the structure of the SQC in a university choice context and investigated the criterion validity of its scales against well-being and academic outcome variables. In the third study we investigated the predictive validity of the SQC in a university applicant sample against an objective real-life outcome. The findings support the validity of the choice quality model.

Qualitative mode of action of sewer tanks with surplus flow

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
K. H. Pecher ◽  
R. Haußmann
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Additional Capacity

The sewer tank is a specific type of overflow tank. While sewer tanks with a surplus flow at the beginning of the sewer are regarded as uncritical, in sewer tanks with a surplus flow at the end of the sewer, sedimentation may be remobilised and transported into the receiving waters. For this reason, in Germany, additional capacity over and above the minimum requirements is demanded for these sewers. In order to ensure the qualitative mode of action of sewer tanks with a surplus flow at the end of the sewer, pilot-scale investigations into a model sewer, with artificial combined water, as well as large-scale investigations under real life conditions, were carried out. The findings of these investigations illustrated that a sedimentation of solids takes place in the majority of flow circumstances, including times of overflow. Thus, even at times of high stormwater flow, the outflow to the receiving waters contains only a low level of pollution. As well as storing the stormwater, the sewer tank with a surplus flow at the end of the sewer has the additional environmentally friendly effect of improving the quality of the outflow and reducing its pollution content.

scholarly journals Time-dependent emotional memory transformation: divergent pathways of item memory and contextual dependency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Cox ◽  
Martijn Meeter ◽  
Merel Kindt ◽  
Vanessa van Ast
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Emotional Memories ◽  
Contextual Dependency ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Contextual Binding

Emotional memory can persist strikingly long, but it is believed that not all its elements are protected against the fading effects of time. So far, studies of emotional episodic memory have mostly investigated retention up to 24h post-encoding, and revealed that central emotional features (items) are usually strengthened, while contextual binding of the event is reduced. However, even though it is known for neutral memories that central versus contextual elements evolve differently with longer passage of time, the time-dependent evolution of emotional memories remains unclear. Hypothetically, compared to neutral memories, emotional item memory becomes increasingly stronger, accompanied by accelerated decay of – already fragile – links with their original encoding contexts, resulting in progressive reductions in contextual dependency. Here, we tested these predictions in a large-scale study. Participants encoded emotional and neutral episodes, and were assessed 30 minutes (N = 40), one day (N = 40), one week (N = 39), or two weeks (N = 39) later on item memory, contextual dependency, and subjective quality of memory. The results show that, with the passage of time, emotional memories were indeed characterized by increasingly stronger item memory and weaker contextual dependency. Interestingly, analyses of the subjective quality of memories revealed that stronger memory for emotional items with time was expressed in familiarity, whereas increasingly smaller contextual dependency for emotional episodes was reflected in recollection. Together, these findings uncover the time-dependent transformation of emotional episodic memories, thereby shedding light on the ways healthy and maladaptive human memories may develop.

MarineTech Project - Attracting Students towards Math and Science Careers in Shipbuilding and Repair Industry

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok K. Verma ◽  
Ray Ferrari ◽  
Manorama Talaiver ◽  
Sueanne E. McKinney ◽  
Daniel Dickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Science Instruction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Pedagogical Issues ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Math And Science

Low enrollment and high attrition rates in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) based degree programs have created a shortage of workforce in industries like shipbuilding and repair which are important for national security. Part of this problem can be attributed to pedagogical issues like lack of engaging hands-on activities utilized for math and science instruction in middle and high schools. Another reason for this is that the teachers are not trained in taking an integrated approach to teaching math and science. This has led to large scale flight and attrition from STEM based career tracks. Consequently, engineering and engineering technology programs throughout the nation have observed declining graduation rates and quality of incoming students. To engage student’s interest in STEM based careers, it is important that students establish a link between the math and science instruction and its application to solve real life problems early in their learning experience. Project based activities have a proven record as a pedagogical method. Effectiveness of this pedagogy has been supported by research in the acquisition and retention of knowledge. The MarineTech Project funded by the State Council of Higher education of Virginia and supported by the Shipbuilding and Repair industry has attempted to address the quality of STEM education in Virginia by developing project based learning kits and providing professional development training in the use of these kits. The project also provided teacher training in 21st century skills and Integrated Math and Science education while increasing awareness of teachers about shipbuilding and repair industry. The paper presents the motivation behind developing these project based learning (PBL) modules, issues related to implementation and results from student and teacher workshops.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MAST IN EUROPEAN PATIENT-CENTERED TELEMEDICINE PILOTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Granstrøm Ekeland ◽  
Astrid Grøttland
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Alternative Service

Objectives: Model for ASsessment of Telemedicine Applications (MAST) is a health technology assessment (HTA) inspired framework for assessing the effectiveness and contribution to quality of telemedicine applications based on rigorous, scientific data. This study reports from a study of how it was used and perceived in twenty-one pilots of the European project RENEWING HEALTH (RH). The objectives of RH were to implement large-scale, real-life test beds for the validation and subsequent evaluation of innovative patient-centered telemedicine services. The study is a contribution to the appraisal of HTA methods.Methods: A questionnaire was administered for project leaders of the pilots. It included questions about use and usefulness of MAST for (i) preceding considerations, (ii) evaluation of outcomes within seven domains, and (iii) considerations of transferability. Free text spaces allowed for proposals of improvement. The responses covered all pilots. A quantitative summary of use and a qualitative analysis of usefulness were performed.Results: MAST was used and considered useful for pilot evaluations. Challenges included problems to scientifically determine alternative service options and outcome within the seven domains. Proposals for improvement included process studies and adding domains of technological usability, responsible innovation, health literacy, behavior change, caregiver perspectives and motivational issues of professionals.Conclusions: MAST was used according to its structure. Its usefulness in patient centered pilots can be improved by adding new stakeholder groups. Interdependencies between scientific rigor, resources and timeliness should be addressed. Operational options for improvements include process studies, literature reviews and sequential mini-HTAs for identification of areas for more elaborate investigations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document