scholarly journals The Social N400 effect: how the presence of other listeners affects language comprehension

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer ◽  
Tom Gardner ◽  
Cat Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Tracking Colisteners’ Knowledge States During Language Comprehension

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olessia Jouravlev ◽  
Rachael Schwartz ◽  
Dima Ayyash ◽  
Zachary Mineroff ◽  
Edward Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
Knowledge States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mental Resources ◽  
Processing Difficulty

When we receive information in the presence of other people, are we sensitive to what they do or do not understand? In two event-related-potential experiments, participants read implausible sentences (e.g., “The girl had a little beak”) in contexts that rendered them plausible (e.g., “The girl dressed up as a canary for Halloween”). No semantic-processing difficulty (no N400 effect) ensued when they read the sentences while alone in the room. However, when a confederate was present who did not receive the contexts so that the critical sentences were implausible for him or her, participants exhibited processing difficulty: the social-N400 effect. This effect was obtained when participants were instructed to adopt the confederate’s perspective—and critically, even without such instructions—but not when performing a demanding comprehension task. Thus, unless mental resources are limited, comprehenders engage in modeling the minds not only of those individuals with whom they directly interact but also of those individuals who are merely present during the linguistic exchange.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological modulations of lexical prediction by conversation requirements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Baus ◽  
Anne-Sophie Dubarry ◽  
F.-Xavier Alario
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Interactive Nature

Language mediates most of our social life and yet, despite such social relevance and ubiquity, little is known about language processing during social interactions. To explore this issue, two experiments were designed to isolate two basic components of a conversation: 1) the interplay between language production and comprehension systems, and 2) the participation of a social partner. We explored how prediction processes in language comprehension are modulated by two basic components of a conversation. Participants were asked to perform a cross-modal priming paradigm in two blocks, one involving only comprehension trials and another in which trials requiring production and comprehension were intermixed. In the first experiment, participants were alone during the task and in the second experiment, participants believed they were performing the task jointly with an interactive partner. A critical electrophysiological signature of lexical prediction was observed, the N400 component, allowing to assess its modulation across conditions and experiments. when production was involved in the task, the effect of lexical predictability was enhanced at the early stages of language comprehension (anticipatory phase), irrespective of the social context. In contrast, language production reduced the effect of lexical predictability at later stages (integration phase), only when participants performed the task alone but not in the social context. These results support production based-models and reveal the importance of exploring language considering its interactive nature.

Language comprehension in the social brain: Electrophysiological brain signals of social presence effects during syntactic and semantic sentence processing

Cortex ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 413-425
Author(s):  
Clara Hinchcliffe ◽  
Laura Jiménez-Ortega ◽  
Francisco Muñoz ◽  
David Hernández-Gutiérrez ◽  
Pilar Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Lexical Competition in Nonnative Speech Comprehension

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian FitzPatrick ◽  
Peter Indefrey
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
First Language ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Final Word ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

Electrophysiological studies consistently find N400 effects of semantic incongruity in nonnative (L2) language comprehension. These N400 effects are often delayed compared with native (L1) comprehension, suggesting that semantic integration in one's second language occurs later than in one's first language. In this study, we investigated whether such a delay could be attributed to (1) intralingual lexical competition and/or (2) interlingual lexical competition. We recorded EEG from Dutch–English bilinguals who listened to English (L2) sentences in which the sentence-final word was (a) semantically fitting and (b) semantically incongruent or semantically incongruent but initially congruent due to sharing initial phonemes with (c) the most probable sentence completion within the L2 or (d) the L1 translation equivalent of the most probable sentence completion. We found an N400 effect in each of the semantically incongruent conditions. This N400 effect was significantly delayed to L2 words but not to L1 translation equivalents that were initially congruent with the sentence context. Taken together, these findings firstly demonstrate that semantic integration in nonnative listening can start based on word initial phonemes (i.e., before a single lexical candidate could have been selected based on the input) and secondly suggest that spuriously elicited L1 lexical candidates are not available for semantic integration in L2 speech comprehension.

scholarly journals When inefficient speech-motor control affects speech comprehension: atypical electrophysiological correlates of language prediction in stuttering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Gastaldon ◽  
Pierpaolo Busan ◽  
Giorgio Arcara ◽  
Francesca Peressotti
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Speech Motor

It is well attested that people predict forthcoming information during language comprehension. The literature presents different proposals on how this ability could be implemented. Here, we tested the hypothesis according to which language production mechanisms have a role in such predictive processing. To this aim, we studied two electroencephalographic correlates of predictability during speech comprehension ‒ pre-target alpha‒beta (8-30 Hz) power decrease and the post-target N400 event-related potential (ERP) effect, ‒ in a population with impaired speech-motor control, i.e., adults who stutter (AWS), compared to typically fluent adults (TFA). Participants listened to sentences that could either constrain towards a target word or not, allowing or not to make predictions. We analyzed time-frequency modulations in a silent interval preceding the target and ERPs at the presentation of the target. Results showed that, compared to TFA, AWS display: i) a widespread and bilateral reduced power decrease in posterior temporal and parietal regions, and a power increase in anterior regions, especially in the left hemisphere (high vs. low constraining) and ii) a reduced N400 effect (non-predictable vs. predictable). The results suggest a reduced efficiency in generating predictions in AWS with respect to TFA. Additionally, the magnitude of the N400 effect in AWS is correlated with alpha power change in the right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex, a key node in the dysfunctional network in stuttering. Overall, the results support the idea that processes and neural structures prominently devoted to speech planning and execution support prediction during language comprehension.

Embodied cognition and language comprehension: motor chains and social aspects

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2112-2112
Author(s):  
A. Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hierarchical Structuring ◽  
Chain Organization ◽  
Emotional Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Directed Structure ◽  
Perception Action

According to the neural exploitation hypothesis (Gallese, 2008; see also Glenberg, 2008) the linguistic system re-uses the structures and the organization characterizing the motor system. It follows that language comprehension is grounded in the perception, action and emotional systems. I will focus on two aspects which characterize action organization and the relationship between words and action. A major aspect of action organization is its goal derived structure and its hierarchical structuring in motor chains (Fogassi et al., 2005). I will discuss recent evidence on language comprehension showing that language shares with action the goal-directed structure and the motor chain organization. In addition, I will present results showing that the social context in which words are embedded influences the way in which these aspects are encoded. I will conclude that language re-uses and reflects action characteristics, but also modulates and constrains them.

scholarly journals ALI IMRON’S RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION ON HIS LIFE STORY: SCHEMAS AND SCRIPTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Joko Arizal
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Conceptual Meaning ◽  
Conceptual Dependency

This study discuss on Ali Imron’s religious language comprehension on his life story. It proposes a problem of question about the schemas and scripts on his religious language understanding and interpreting. The method which applied on this study is the qualitative method, so, the narrative approach is elected as it approach. In addition, the result of this study propose some significant discussion such as in the schema aspect, there are semantical problem especially in the comprehend of the word jihad, muhajir, and syahid. The second is understanding the setting. Ali Imron’s limited knowledge makes him difficult in comprehend of the social situation which lead him to the battlefield in Afghanistan. The third is his mood. The mood is significant in constructed of his view to the real situation and to the language comprehension. The fourth is the chain of events. This part is the accumulation of his understanding on religious language, setting, and mood which incorporate with his real life situation. And it would be able to strengthen to his belief to be a martyr. Likewise, the script aspect which demonstrate on this part is the conceptual dependency where the manifestation of an incorporation aspect of our knowledge of the world in his conceptual version of our understanding of sentence which would not be possible if his analysis operated with only the syntactic and lexical elements in the sentence. In the end, this study concludes that the backgruond knowledge can lead to errors in understanding language and it appears to Ali Imron’s case in interpreting the word of jihad and its comprehend in conceptual meaning.      

scholarly journals Pragmatics Impairment and complexity of Linguistic Domain: Psycho-linguistic Analysis for pragmatic Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Avesta Kamal Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Research Analysis

 This research under name of (Pragmatics Impairment and complexity of Linguistic Domain: Psycho-linguistic Analysis for pragmatic Disorders) In one hand Pragmatics is the ability to appropriately interact with another by Using language in the social situation and Connecting with others, on the other hand pragmatics disorders are Inability to take turns during conversation, Inability to engage in the give and take of a conversation. this research analysis the main ideas about this type of disorders therefore it discusses the main causes that affect language comprehension and fluency, for this matter we used clinical linguistics, neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics to show how people who had this disorders struggling and how we can treat them especially how Kurdish language speakers will be affect in this level of language.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document