scholarly journals Eye tracking in human interaction: Possibilities and limitations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niilo V. Valtakari ◽  
Ignace T. C. Hooge ◽  
Charlotte Viktorsson ◽  
Pär Nyström ◽  
Terje Falck-Ytter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Tracking Signal

AbstractThere is a long history of interest in looking behavior during human interaction. With the advance of (wearable) video-based eye trackers, it has become possible to measure gaze during many different interactions. We outline the different types of eye-tracking setups that currently exist to investigate gaze during interaction. The setups differ mainly with regard to the nature of the eye-tracking signal (head- or world-centered) and the freedom of movement allowed for the participants. These features place constraints on the research questions that can be answered about human interaction. We end with a decision tree to help researchers judge the appropriateness of specific setups.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TEA IN THE MARKETS OF TURKESTAN IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Maxfuza Mamatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
General Description ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

This article deals with the general description of tea in the markets of Turkestan,provides an overview of the history of our country in the XIX-XX centuries, which based on archival materials and sources. This article tells about the types and varieties of tea consumed by our people, about the different types of tea that replace tea, where they were brought from, the meanings of their historical names and the consumption that was loved by our people.

Zum Einsatz von Definitionen in Pädagogik und Erziehungswissenschaft

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Thomas Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Educational Science ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Genre

Abstract On the Use of Definitions in Pedagogy and Educational Science. A Historical Journey with Systematic Intent In the academic genre of pedagogy and educational science, definitions were used from the very beginning. The question is if it is possible to differentiate between types of definitions within the history of these sciences. To answer this question the paper revives two different types of traditional definitions in order to generate a typology of definition usage. The typology can be used as a heuristic instrument for further systematic and historical research.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Takuma Ofuchi ◽  
Aye Myat Myat Zaw ◽  
Bang-on Thepthien
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Score Range

Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.

Preschoolers' Imaginativeness: Subtypes, Correlates, and Maladaptive Extremes

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Beth Tower
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Healthy Child ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Negative Implication

In a study of forty-three preschool children, ratings of four types of the children's imaginativeness were correlated with observational, behavioral, and interview measures. Research questions were: 1) Do correlates of imaginativeness found in observational studies replicate if trait rather than state measures are examined? 2) Do different types of imaginativeness have different correlates? and 3) What characteristics distinguish children at the maladaptive extremes of imaginativeness from those at more moderate levels? The conceptual and empirical utility of considering imaginativeness to have two dimensions, Expressive and Constructive, was demonstrated. While optimal levels of Constructive Imaginativeness correlated significantly with other indices of healthy child development, the correlations were fewer and tended to be weaker for Expressive Imaginativeness. The negative implication of extremes was documented.

Egg-Forms and Measure-Bodies: Different Mathematical Practices in the Early History of the Modern Theory of Convexity

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Convex Bodies ◽  
Mathematical Work ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Mathematical Research ◽  
Mathematical Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Epistemic Objects

ArgumentTwo simultaneous episodes in late nineteenth-century mathematical research, one by Karl Hermann Brunn (1862–1939) and another by Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909), have been described as the origin of the theory of convex bodies. This article aims to understand and explain (1) how and why the concept of such bodies emerged in these two trajectories of mathematical research; and (2) why Minkowski's – and not Brunn's – strand of thought led to the development of a theory of convexity. Concrete pieces of Brunn's and Minkowski's mathematical work in the two episodes will, from the perspective of the above questions, be presented and analyzed with the use of the methodological framework of epistemic objects, techniques, and configurations as adapted from Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's work on empirical sciences to the historiography of mathematics by Moritz Epple. Based on detailed descriptions and a comparison of the objects and techniques that Brunn and Minkowski studied and used in these pieces it will be concluded that Brunn and Minkowski worked in different epistemic configurations, and it will be argued that this had a significant influence on the mathematics they developed for those bodies, which can provide answers to the two research questions listed above.

scholarly journals Politeness and reputation in cultural evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Mühlenbernd ◽  
Sławomir Wacewicz ◽  
Przemysław Żywiczyński
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Higher Order Theory ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary

AbstractPoliteness in conversation is a fascinating aspect of human interaction that directly interfaces language use and human social behavior more generally. We show how game theory, as a higher-order theory of behavior, can provide the tools to understand and model polite behavior. The recently proposed responsibility exchange theory (Chaudhry and Loewenstein in Psychol Rev 126(3):313–344, 2019) describes how the polite communications of thanking and apologizing impact two different types of an agent’s social image: (perceived) warmth and (perceived) competence. Here, we extend this approach in several ways, most importantly by adding a cultural-evolutionary dynamics that makes it possible to investigate the evolutionary stability of politeness strategies. Our analysis shows that in a society of agents who value status-related traits (such as competence) over reciprocity-related traits (such as warmth), both the less and the more polite strategies are maintained in cycles of cultural-evolutionary change.

scholarly journals Dialektik der Erschließung: The German–Austrian Alps between Exploration and Exploitation

Humanities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sean Ireton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Nördliche Kalkalpen ◽  
Austrian Alps ◽  
Limestone Alps ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps

Focusing on the so-called Nördliche Kalkalpen or Northern Limestone Alps of Germany and Austria, I will discuss how human interaction with these mountains during the age of the Anthropocene shifts from scientific and athletic exploration to commercial and industrial exploitation. More specifically, I will examine travel narratives by the nineteenth-century mountaineers Friedrich Simony and Hermann von Barth, juxtaposing their respective experiences in diverse Alpine subranges with the environmental history of those regions. This juxtaposition harbors a deeper paradox, one that can be formulated as follows: Whereas Simony and Barth both rank as historically important Erschließer of the German and Austrian Alps, having explored their crags and glaciers in search of somatic adventure and geoscientific knowledge, these very sites of rock and ice were about to become so erschlossen by modernized tourism that one wonders where the precise boundaries between individual-based discovery and technology-driven development lie. In other words, during the nineteenth century a kind of Dialektik der Erschließung (a variation on Horkheimer and Adorno’s Dialektik der Aufklärung) manifests itself in the increasing anthropogenic alteration of the Alps.

Justice without the State within the State

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
North America ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
State Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions

History of justice is not only the history of state justice. Rather, we often deal with a coexistence of state, parastatal and non-state courts. Interesting research questions emerge out of this constellation: Where are notions of just conflict resolution most likely to be enforceable? To what extent is non-state jurisdiction a mode of self-regulation of social groups who define themselves by means of ethnic, religious or functional criteria? How do state and non-state ambitions interact? This collective volume contains contributions exploring non-state and parastatal justice between the 17th century and the present in Europe, Asia, North America as well as from a global perspective.

THE SOUND OF THE "GOLDEN AGE": PROBLEMS IN PERFORMING ENGLISH VIRGINAL ART

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
O. A. Krasnogorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Composers ◽  
Historical Instruments

The main objective of the article is to investigate the problems of performing compositions by English composers of the XVIth – XVIIth centuries and the history of their sound incarnation. The author analyzes the appeal to the musical art of the "Golden Age" by A. G. Rubinstein, who included in the piano "Historical Concerts" and lectures works by W. Byrd, O. Gibbons, H. Purcell. Considering the specifics of the clavier texture, different types of variations and their influence on the development of instrumental techniques are distinguished. Based on the comparison of the pavane, the article draws conclusions about the stylistic features of various composers. As one of the key problems in creating an interpretation, the author notes the solution to the question of choosing a musical instrument (both between harpsichord and piano and between historical instruments), which has a decisive influence on sound quality. The article examines the experience of A. B. Lyubimov in performing works by English virginalists. Interpreted by G. Gould, the pianist emphasizes the new contemporary hearing of compositions by W. Byrd and O. Gibbons, performed in the same program with the works of A. Schoenberg, A. Webern, A. Berg, which reveals the dialogue of eras.

Prosody in Automatic Speech Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 632-645
Author(s):  
Anton Batliner ◽  
Bernd Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Short History ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Automatic speech processing (ASP) is understood as covering word recognition, the processing of higher linguistic components (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics), and the processing of computational paralinguistics (CP), which deals with speaker states and traits. This chapter attempts to track the role of prosody in ASP from the word level up to CP. A short history of the field from 1980 to 2020 distinguishes the early years (until 2000)—when the prosodic contribution to the modelling of linguistic phenomena, such as accents, boundaries, syntax, semantics, and dialogue acts, was the focus—from the later years, when the focus shifted to paralinguistics; prosody ceased to be visible. Different types of predictor variables are addressed, among them high-performance power features as well as leverage features, which can also be employed in teaching and therapy.

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