Justice without the State within the State

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
North America ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
State Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions

History of justice is not only the history of state justice. Rather, we often deal with a coexistence of state, parastatal and non-state courts. Interesting research questions emerge out of this constellation: Where are notions of just conflict resolution most likely to be enforceable? To what extent is non-state jurisdiction a mode of self-regulation of social groups who define themselves by means of ethnic, religious or functional criteria? How do state and non-state ambitions interact? This collective volume contains contributions exploring non-state and parastatal justice between the 17th century and the present in Europe, Asia, North America as well as from a global perspective.

Hate Speech as an Indicator for the State of the Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Svenja Schäfer ◽  
Michael Sülflow ◽  
Liane Reiners
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract. Previous research indicates that user comments serve as exemplars and thus have an effect on perceived public opinion. Moreover, they also shape the attitudes of their readers. However, studies almost exclusively focus on controversial issues if they explore the consequences of user comments for attitudes and perceived public opinion. The current study wants to find out if hate speech attacking social groups due to characteristics such as religion or sexual orientation also has an effect on the way people think about these groups and how they think society perceives them. Moreover, we also investigated the effects of hate speech on prejudiced attitudes. To explore the hypotheses and research questions, we preregistered and conducted a 3 × 2 experimental study varying the amount of hate speech (none/few/many hateful comments) and the group that was attacked (Muslims/homosexuals). Results show no effects of the amount of hate speech on perceived public opinion for both groups. However, if homosexuals are attacked, hate speech negatively affects perceived social cohesion. Moreover, for both groups, we find interaction effects between preexisting attitudes and hate speech for discriminating demands. This indicates that hate speech can increase polarization in society.

scholarly journals Self-regulation of journalism in Spain

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
A. N. Rylova
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
History Of

Self-regulation of journalism resides in voluntary measures taken by the professional community of journalists to guarantee the observation of certain rules and principles in the process of providing information to public, maintain independence and credibility of media. The institution of self-regulation of Spanish journalism emerged later than in other Western countries due to the history of interaction between the State and media: for a long time Spanish media were under State control and freedom of expression was constantly defied. That is why first attempts to establish bodies for self-regulation of journalism in the post-Franco Spain evoked fears of a return to censorship. However, the time lag concerning media self- regulation allowed Spain to use other countries’ experience. Nowadays, the degree of self-regulation of journalism in Spain is similar to that of the Western countries. The institution of self-regulation operates successfully and facilitates Spanish media authority.

scholarly journals On the state of the Abbey Church of Holyrood subsequently to the devastations committed by the English Forces in the years 1544 and 1547

1854 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
David Laing
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Charles I ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church

David Laing presents a historical account of this church from its founding in 1128 to the proposed visit of Charles I in the 17th century. He includes a series of original letters and Acts of Privy Council from 1626-1641 relating to the alterations and repairs made for this visit. He then briefly outlines the later history of the church that led to its ruined state. Laing concludes by arguing that there is no point in the Society proposing a restoration of the old edifice or the construction of a new one, but that clearing the soil and grass from the original foundations and installing a gravel path around them would allow visitors to view what is left of the site. His proposal that the Society present a Memorial on the subject was accepted by those present and a committee was appointed to draft the Memorial.

Weiterführende Fragen zur Erforschung der preußischen Reformationsgeschichte

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Janusz Małłek
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Church Discipline ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Western Influences ◽  
Confessional Identity ◽  
State Of Research

ABSTRACT In this article, the author characterizes the state of research on the history of the Reformation in ducal and in royal Prussia and formulates research questions for the future. He takes up the organization of the “new” church; the pastorate and elders; church discipline; the culture of confession; the Polish and Prussian Reformations; and confessional identity and confessionalization. He expresses reservations concerning the view that domestic Prussian theology was dominant and points to western influences. He studies the causes for the loose ties between Protestants in both parts of Prussia and the Polish crown despite their common interests.

Rechtsgeschichtliche Botschaften aus der Frühgeschichte der Menschheit

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Dietmar Willoweit
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Early History ◽  
Human History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contractual Agreements ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Historical Nature

Abstract Legal-historical messages from the early history of mankind. Until now, archaeology has only rarely permitted generalizations of a legal-historical nature. The work of Hermann Parzinger, with its worldwide comparison of archaeological finds, now for the first time opens up the possibility of recognizing “laws of motion of early human history”. This includes the ability to cooperate on the basis of contractual agreements and the emergence of hierarchical orders. Evidence of violent conflicts also suggests that there must have been early mechanisms for conflict resolution within social groups.

Insurrection as history from Guy Fawkes to black blocs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Loadenthal
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
September 11 ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Modern History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Cell Networks

This chapter develops the pre-modern history of insurrectionary methods, pursued through a genealogical account of history and discourse. Beginning with a discussion of the genealogical approach as presented by Michele Foucault, this is followed by an exploration of insurrectionism as a form of guerrilla warfare. After affirming that insurrectionary action is indeed within a militant tradition, the reader is led through several hundred years of history that traces the roots of those advocating direct, unmediated attacks on the state—latter termed “propaganda of the deed.” Through examples drawn largely from Europe and North America, special attention is paid to those engaged in theatrical, public attacks, as well as the networks surrounding Luigi Galleani and the Bonnot Gang. Finally, this history is brought into the twenty-first century, linking the anti-globalization movement of the late 1990 and early 2000s, to the decline of that movement following the attacks of September 11, 2001. In its conclusion, the chapter considers whether the decline of the anti-globalization, counter-summit movement emboldened the formation and internationalization of clandestine cell networks promoting insurrectionary attack.

Between the State and the Shalish

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Berger
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
State Courts ◽  
State Court ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Attempted Murder ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Do So

This chapter reconstructs the background knowledge that underpins all processes of conflict resolution in rural Bangladesh. It starts with the in-depth analysis of an attempted murder case and shows how state and non-state courts are intricately intertwined in what is conceptualized as the logic of non-enforcement. According to this logic, people frequently file cases with the state court, but not to get binding and enforceable verdicts. Instead, they do so to alter the dynamics of non-state courts. Although non-state justice institutions respond to representations of the state (for example in the form of official documents), they nonetheless do not conform to state law. Instead, their decisions are informed by specific normative convictions about the importance of social harmony and religious prescripts. Importantly, this logic of non-enforcement also applies to the state’s Muslim family laws, which are frequently not enforced if they threaten the patriarchal order of things in rural Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Бытование кириллической книги XVI – первой четверти XVII в. в старообрядческой среде

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (XXII) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Елена Титовец
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The subject of analysis is the old printed Cyrillic editions of the 16th – first quarter of the 17th century books, acquired by the Central Science Library of NAS of Belarus from Old Believers M.S. Sevastyanov and N.M. Sorokin. Based on a study of handwritten notes, stamps and other book signs, the author reveals the history of these copies. The owners of the books were representatives of various social groups. All the features of the exemplars are represented in the catalogues of the Cyrillic editions of the Central Science Library of NAS of Belarus.

scholarly journals Pragmatyzm czy zdrada? Relacje pomiędzy przywódcami rokoszu sandomierskiego, Mikołajem Zebrzydowskim i Januszem Radziwiłłem, po klęsce pod Guzowem

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-157
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pawłowska‑Kubik
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
History Of

[Pragmatism or betrayal? Relations between the leaders of the Sandomierz rebellion, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski and Janusz Radziwiłł, after the defeat at Guzów] The Sandomierz sedition (Polish: rokosz sandomierski), the revolt of part of the nobility against Sigismund III in the years 1606–1609, was the largest noble movement in the 17th century and one of the most important noble revolts in the history of the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth. The essential rebellion leaders include the voivode of Cracow, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski, and the Lithuanian cup‑bearer, Janusz Radziwiłł. The leaders of the movement, apart from belonging to the elite of the Polish‑Lithuanian state, differed basically in everything: age, political experience, religion, views and a vision of repairing the state. However until losing the battle of Guzów (July 5, 1607) with the royal forces, Zebrzydowski and Radziwiłł represented, with some minor exceptions, a coherent position regarding the methods of activity and goals of the movement. The purpose of this article is to analyze the decomposition of this alliance formed under the influence of specific conditions. Its aim is not to show which of the leaders did not comply with the decisions made earlier (the matter is obvious here, it was Mikołaj Zebrzydowski), but to explain the motives behind the actions of the Cracow voivode and the attitude that Janusz Radziwiłł adopted towards the actions of his former ally. Documents from the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw were attached to the article as an annex.

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