ISLAMIC MONEY INSTEAD IMPLICATIONS BASED ON MACROECONOMIC AND SOCIAL VALUE VARIABLES IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this research is to find out the implications of Islamic Money Instead based on macroeconomic and social variables value in Indonesia. The used data is secondary data of 2010-2019 time series. The method of this research is using Vector Autoregressive and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). E-views 9 program is used for processing data. The result of this research indicates that there are implications for a variety of Islamic Money Instead in Indonesia based on macroeconomic and social value variables in Indonesia on 1st model. GDP and inflation as macroeconomic variable have positive implication for Islamic Money Instead, meanwhile the exchange rate variable has negative implication on it. On 2nd model there are implications for Islamic Money Instead based on macroeconomic variable. GDP and inflation have positive implication and greater value than the 1st model. While the exchange rate has negative implication and has not a response for Islamic Money Instead shock. Furthermore, the 3rd model indicates that there is positive implication based on social value variable not only for zakat but also infaq shadaqah

Strategies for poverty alleviation supply chain with government subsidies and misreporting behavior in China

In the poverty alleviation supply chain, subsidies for enterprises or farmers are widely implemented as part of government policy. However, subsidy fraud often occurs, such as misreporting cost information to secure subsidies. Inspired by this, our study aims to explore the optimal decision-making problem of the three-level (government + enterprises + farmers) poverty alleviation supply chain under asymmetric cost information. Four-stage models are constructed to capture the interactions among these three players. Additionally, numerical examples are used to analyze the implications of key parameters, such as cost coefficient and punitive measures coefficient, on supply chain members’ optimal decision and profit. Our findings demonstrate that both the enterprise and the farmer can obtain maximum profit from the misreporting behavior. Unfortunately, this behavior always damages the profit of other participants and weakens the efficiency of subsidy policy. Moreover, to mitigate the negative implication of misreporting behavior, the government can establish punitive measures to curtail misreporting. Our work provides important policy implications for governments and enterprises. To ensure that more consumers have access to poverty alleviation products, government organizations should prioritize such projects. In addition, the provision of public facilities and technical guidance should be more effective and prompt to share enterprises’ and farmers’ costs. We further recommend that subsidy policies be formulated according to recipients’ performance in poverty alleviation projects, with corresponding supervision and punitive measures. Finally, in cooperating with farmers in poverty alleviation, enterprises should maximize their interests and reduce costs through technological innovation and channel sharing.

Investigating the Implications of the London Heathrow Airport Expansion for the Landside Freight Industry

The air cargo industry is hugely important to national economies, trade, and development. Thus far, there has been limited research on the landside freight industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of how alterations in the air cargo industry impact on its landside freight counterpart. It also seeks to explore the potential opportunities and challenges this presents, as well as the measures that can be taken to mitigate unsustainable development for the landside freight industry. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the views of key stakeholders, freight industry experts, and other professionals. Our findings show that, if the airport expansion went ahead, the opportunities would generally outweigh the challenges. Increased freight activities and other positive spinoffs would result in the long-term. Increased freight activities and employment were the prime positive implications. Conversely, increased delays due to congestion was the main negative implication. Measures suggested to mitigate the adverse effects of the London Heathrow Airport (LHR) expansion entailed strengthening of consolidation centre efforts, freight collaboration, intelligent booking systems, use of low-carbon technologies, smart scheduling for revising the timetabling of deliveries, and greater use of rail transport for air cargo. The research highlights novel insights regarding existing freight-related issues from industry and academic experts, and further thoughts in relation to increased cargo activities stemming from the LHR expansion.

Emerging Innovation Risk Management in Financial Institutions of United States

Financial institution within the USA is faced with great challenge of risk management, hence the pursuit of every financial institution to come up with better innovative ways of managing risks. However, the emerging innovation in risk management in financial institution has an underlying negative implication which is yet to be studied. The aim of this research was to explore emerging innovation in risk management in financial institutions. The research utilized qualitative research design, through an intensive literature review that involved deep research and reviewing of academic scholarly academic articles. This type of approach ensures that the research includes wide variety of sources that support this research and making it viable for future reference. Results showed that the emerging innovation in risk management in financial institutions is digital financing. Owing to the associated implication of excessive technology use, the research suggests that financial institutions should be very cautious, particularly with the associated risk of cybercrime.

Pembinaan Ubudiyah di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Muhammadiyah 1 Genteng Banyuwangi

Generasi muda zaman sekarang, di era milenial terjadi hilangnya nilai-nilai agama dan kesadaran dalam ‘ubudiyah, hal itu terjadi karena pendidikan agama yang kurang, pengaruh lingkungan yang kurang baik, dan juga zaman yang semakin maju namun malah memberi pengaruh ke arah yang negatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembinaan ‘ubudiyah melalui kegiatan shalat berjamaah, tafhim Al-Qur’an dan kultum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumenter. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan terdiri dari kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diuji dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Pembinaan ‘ubudiyah melalui kegiatan shalat berjamaah pada tiga waktu yaitu shalat Dhuha, Dhuhur dan Ashar, kegiatan tafhim Al-Qur’an dan kegiatan kultum. Kemudian dari ketiga kegiatan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendukung yakni kesadaran diri, pengetahuan, mental dan kerjasama antara semua pihak sekolah, sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah kurangnya sadar diri, pengetahuan, mental dan beberapa perilaku peserta didik. Implikasi positif dari kegiatan ini adalah peserta didik menjadi terbiasa untuk beribadah terutama shalat berjamaah, mengkaji Al-Qur’an dan bertambahnya pengetahuan serta pengertian peserta didik. Sedangkan implikasi negatifnya adalah peserta didik mudah beralasan kelelahan. Kata kunci: kultum, pembinaan ‘ubudiyah, shalat berjamaah, tafhim Al-Qur’an, Today's young generation, in the millennial's era, there is a loss of religious values ​​and awareness in ‘ubudiyah, that happens because of inadequate religious education, unfavorable environmental influences, as well as an increasingly advanced era but instead has a negative influence. The purpose of this research is to know the development of ‘ubudiyah through congregational prayer, Tafhim Al Quran and cultum. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type, data collection methods using observation, interviews, and documentaries. while the data analysis techniques used consisted of data's condensation, data's presentation, and conclusions. The validity of the data was tested using source triangulation and method triangulation. The result of this research is the development of ‘ubudiyah through congregational prayer activities in three times, Duha prayer, Dhuhur, and Asr, Tafhim Al Quran, and cultum. then of the three activities are influenced by supporting factors, namely self-awareness, knowledge, mental and cooperation between all school parties, while the inhibiting factor is the lack of self-awareness, knowledge, mental and some student behavior. The positive implication of this activity is that students become accustomed to worship, especially congregational prayer, study the Al Quran, and increase the knowledge and understanding of students. Meanwhile, the negative implication is that students easily reason that they are tired. Keywords: cultum, coaching of ‘ubudiyah, congregational prayer, tafhim Al-Qur’an,

Emerging Innovation Risk Management in Financial Institutions of United States

Financial institution within the USA is faced with great challenge of risk management, hence the pursuit of every financial institution to come up with better innovative ways of managing risks. However, the emerging innovation in risk management in financial institution has an underlying negative implication which is yet to be studied. The aim of this research was to explore emerging innovation in risk management in financial institutions. The research utilized qualitative research design, through an intensive literature review that involved deep research and reviewing of academic scholarly academic articles. This type of approach ensures that the research includes wide variety of sources that support this research and making it viable for future reference. Results showed that the emerging innovation in risk management in financial institutions is digital financing. Owing to the associated implication of excessive technology use, the research suggests that financial institutions should be very cautious, particularly with the associated risk of cybercrime.

The anatomy of CUSMA’s patent: Does it still reflect an equipoise?

The Protocol of Amendment to the Agreement between the United States of America, Canada and the United Mexican States erased many of the TRIPS-plus provisions inserted earlier into the Canada- United States of America-Mexico Agreement (hereafter, CUSMA) signed on 30 November 2018. While the erasure of the provisions shows the contributions made to promote access to medicines, the Agreement still retains TRIPS-plus provisions, including the provisions on patent term extensions. Thus seen, irrespective of the changes introduced by the Protocol of Amendment, patent term extensions may have a negative implication on access to cost-cutting medicines (biosimilars and generics). Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on patent term extensions, as contained in the CUSMA’s Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) chapter. The paper investigates if & how the patent term extension has the potential to impede access to affordable medicines (biologics and chemically synthesized medicines). In so doing, the paper provides possible responses to the question, do the provisions on patent term extensions hinder the timely access to affordable medicines? As such, the first part of the paper succinctly looks at CUSMA. Section “Patent protection under the TRIPS agreement” examines the TRIPS patent regime. While “The CUSMA’s rules on patent term extension” section discusses the nature of obligations included in the CUSMA’s IPRs chapter, the Section “The CUSMA’s rules on patent term extension vis-à-vis access to medicines” analyzes the potential implications of patent term extensions on access to affordable medicines. The final section concludes the paper.

Effects of Road Infrastructure on Plantain Production among Farmers in Ekiti Southwest Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria

Road infrastructure is crucial to farmers’ productivity, transportation, marketing of food produce and food security. Therefore, this study examined the effects of road infrastructure to plantain production among farmers in Ekiti South Local Government Area. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 103 respondents for the study; data were collected using structured interview schedule. Data on respondents’ personal characteristics, perceived contribution of road infrastructure to plantain enterprise and constraints to plantain production and marketing were analysed with descriptive statistics, Chisquare and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical tools. Majority (75.7%) of the respondents were males, large percent (70.8%) were ageing (50-70years), 71.8% cultivated 4-6 acres with a majority (79.6%) having more than 20years of farming and marketing experience. Almost half (47.6%) of the respondents earned between #31,000-#40,000 monthly and majority (78.6%) indicated that their farms to the market were far and not motorable. About (65%) indicated that poor road infrastructure had negative implication on production and marketing of plantain. Educational level (χ2=14.13), farm size (χ2=0.932), monthly income (χ2=7.938), farming experience (χ2=11.831), marketing experience (χ2=10.609), farmers age (r = -0.375) and constraints to production and marketing (r = 0.261) were significantly related to effects of road infrastructure on plantain production. Hence, it is recommended that government should ensure quality rural feeder roads linking urban areas for sustainable farming practices, reduction of postharvest losses and efficient plantain marketing.

Comparative Analysis of Sentiment Analysis on Social Media

For past few years, the World Wide Web has turned into an immense wellspring of client produced content and opinionative information. Utilizing web-based life, for example, Instagram, Facebook, twitter, etc., users share their views and feelings in an advantageous manner. Web-based social networking, for example, Instagram, Facebook, twitter, etc., where a huge number of individuals prompt their individual perspectives in their everyday communication, which may be their assumptions & sentiments about specific thing. These consistently developing emotional information are, without a doubt, an incredibly rich wellspring of data for any sort of basic leadership method. To computerize examination of such information, region of Sentiment Analysis has been developed. It goes for recognizing opinionative information in the Web & characterizing it as indicated by their polarities., regardless of whether they convey a positive/negative implication. Assessment Study is an issue of content-based examination, yet there are a few difficulties that make it troublesome when contrasted with conventional content-based investigation This unmistakably expresses there is need of an endeavor to move in the direction of these issues and it has opened up a few open doors for future research for taking care of refutations, concealed assumptions ID, slangs, polysemy. Be that as it may, the developing size of information requests programmed information examination strategies. In this paper, a literature review on various strategies utilized in the Sentiment Analysis is done to comprehend dimension of the work.

Board of Commissioners’ Structure, Ownership Retention, and IPO Underpricing: Evidence from Indonesia

This research examines how the board of commissioners' structure and ownership retention affect IPO underpricing in Indonesia. In this study, we have examined the following three aspects: the number of board of commissioners, percentage of independent commissioners, and percentage of female commissioners. In total, 186 Indonesian companies that have conducted IPO from 2001 to 2016 were included in this study. This study uses multiple regressions to test the hypothesis. Our findings show that ownership retention has a negative implication on underpricing. Furthermore, the number of board of commissioners and independent commissioners has also been determined to reduce the level of underpricing. However, female commissioners were found to have no significant effect on IPO underpricing; furthermore, it demonstrated no significant effect in reducing the level of underpricing. These results show that higher ownership retention, a smaller number of board members, and a higher percentage of independent commissioners can reduce IPO underpricing.JEL Classification: G30, G32How to Cite:Setiawan, D., Prabowo, M. A., Trinugroho, I., & Noordin, B. A. A. (2021). Board of Commissioners’ Structure, Ownership Retention, and IPO Underpricing: Evidence from Indonesia. Etikonomi, 20(1), 185 – 200. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.19156.