scholarly journals Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Ata Jedari Golparvar ◽  
Murat Kaya Yapici
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Stream Data ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Machine Interaction

The study of eye movements and the measurement of the resulting biopotential, referred to as electrooculography (EOG), may find increasing use in applications within the domain of activity recognition, context awareness, mobile human–computer and human–machine interaction (HCI/HMI), and personal medical devices; provided that, seamless sensing of eye activity and processing thereof is achieved by a truly wearable, low-cost, and accessible technology. The present study demonstrates an alternative to the bulky and expensive camera-based eye tracking systems and reports the development of a graphene textile-based personal assistive device for the first time. This self-contained wearable prototype comprises a headband with soft graphene textile electrodes that overcome the limitations of conventional “wet” electrodes, along with miniaturized, portable readout electronics with real-time signal processing capability that can stream data to a remote device over Bluetooth. The potential of graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking and eye-operated remote object interaction is demonstrated by controlling a mouse cursor on screen for typing with a virtual keyboard and enabling navigation of a four-wheeled robot in a maze, all utilizing five different eye motions initiated with a single channel EOG acquisition. Typing speeds of up to six characters per minute without prediction algorithms and guidance of the robot in a maze with four 180° turns were successfully achieved with perfect pattern detection accuracies of 100% and 98%, respectively.

Investigating the Use of Two Low Cost Eye Tracking Systems for Detecting Pupillary Response to Changes in Mental Workload

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Coyne ◽  
Ciara Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Pupillary Response ◽  
Background Luminance ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Size Data

Eye tracking technologies are being utilized at increasing rates within industry and research due to the very recent availability of low cost systems. This paper presents results from a study assessing two eye tracking systems, Gazepoint GP3 and Eye Tribe, both of which are available for under $500 and provide streaming gaze and pupil size data. The emphasis of this research was in evaluating the ability of these eye trackers to identify changes in pupil size which occur as a function of variations in lighting conditions as well as those associated with workload. Ten volunteers participated in an experiment in which a digit span task was employed to manipulate workload as user’s fixated on a monitor which varied in background luminance (black, gray and white). Results revealed that both systems were able to significantly differentiate pupil size differences in high and low workload trials and changes due to the monitor’s luminance. These findings are exceedingly promising for human factors researchers, as they open up the opportunity to augment studies with non-obtrusive, streaming measures of mental workload with technologies available for as little as $100.

scholarly journals Metrological and Critical Characterization of the Intel D415 Stereo Depth Camera

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Carfagni ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
Chiara Santarelli ◽  
Michaela Servi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
New Device ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Machine Interaction

Low-cost RGB-D cameras are increasingly used in several research fields including human-machine interaction, safety, robotics, biomedical engineering and even Reverse Engineering applications. Among the plethora of commercial devices, the Intel RealSense cameras proved to be among the best suitable devices, providing a good compromise between cost, ease of use, compactness and precision. Released on the market in January 2018, the new Intel model RealSense D415 has a wide acquisition range (i.e. ~160-10000 mm) and a narrow field of view to capture objects in rapid motion. Given the unexplored potential of this new device, especially when used as a 3D scanner, the present work aims to characterize and to provide metrological considerations on the RealSense D415. In particular, tests are carried out to assess the device performances in the near range (i.e. 100-1000 mm). Characterization is performed by integrating the guidelines of the existing standard (i.e. the German VDI/VDE 2634 part 2 normative) with a number of literature-based strategies. Performance analysis is finally compared against latest close-range sensors, thus providing a useful guidance for researchers and practitioners aiming to use RGB-D cameras in Reverse Engineering applications.

scholarly journals Metrological and Critical Characterization of the Intel D415 Stereo Depth Camera

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Carfagni ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
Chiara Santarelli ◽  
Michaela Servi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
New Device ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Machine Interaction

Low-cost RGB-D cameras are increasingly being used in several research fields, including human–machine interaction, safety, robotics, biomedical engineering and even reverse engineering applications. Among the plethora of commercial devices, the Intel RealSense cameras have proven to be among the most suitable devices, providing a good compromise between cost, ease of use, compactness and precision. Released on the market in January 2018, the new Intel model RealSense D415 has a wide acquisition range (i.e., ~160–10,000 mm) and a narrow field of view to capture objects in rapid motion. Given the unexplored potential of this new device, especially when used as a 3D scanner, the present work aims to characterize and to provide metrological considerations for the RealSense D415. In particular, tests are carried out to assess the device performance in the near range (i.e., 100–1000 mm). Characterization is performed by integrating the guidelines of the existing standard (i.e., the German VDI/VDE 2634 Part 2) with a number of literature-based strategies. Performance analysis is finally compared against the latest close-range sensors, thus providing a useful guidance for researchers and practitioners aiming to use RGB-D cameras in reverse engineering applications.

Development of Special Users' Energy Saving Potential New Intelligent Diagnosis Detector Based on DSP2812 Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 667-675
Author(s):  
Le Feng Cheng ◽  
Jian Fu Peng ◽  
Tao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Machine Interaction

In order to solve the problem that special users energy saving potential is unable to diagnose automotive online, a new automatic diagnosis of energy saving potential method based on online DSP was proposed. This proposed method, together with a variety of techniques like modern power electronics, digital signal processing, high precision and fast sampling, high capacity storage, human-machine interaction technologies and so on, was applied to develop a corresponding special users energy saving potential diagnosis detector. The hardware design and DSP energy saving analysis software design of the detector were described firstly, and the results of field test were presented to demonstrate its feasibility. It is shown that, its advantages include easy-to-use, low cost, highly reliable, strong intelligence and easy to promote, thus can effectively improve the efficiency of electrical energy audit and the degree of information and automation.

scholarly journals A Wheelchair Control System Using Human-Machine Interaction: Single-Modal and Multimodal Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Shahin ◽  
Alaa Tharwat ◽  
Tarek Gaber ◽  
Aboul Ella Hassanien
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Controlled Systems ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Head Gestures ◽  
Machine Interaction ◽  
Wheelchair Control

Abstract Recent research studies showed that brain-controlled systems/devices are breakthrough technology. Such devices can provide disabled people with the power to control the movement of the wheelchair using different signals (e.g. EEG signals, head movements, and facial expressions). With this technology, disabled people can remotely steer a wheelchair, a computer, or a tablet. This paper introduces a simple, low-cost human-machine interface system to help chaired people to control their wheelchair using several control sources. To achieve this paper’s aim, a laptop was installed on a wheelchair in front of the sitting person, and the 14-electrode Emotiv EPOC headset was used to collect the person’s head impressions from the skull surface. The superficially picked-up signals, containing the brain thoughts, head gestures, and facial emotions, were electrically encoded and then wirelessly sent to a personal computer to be interpreted and then translated into useful control instructions. Using these signals, two wheelchair control modes were proposed: automatic (using single-modal and multimodal approaches) and manual control. The automatic mode controller was accomplished using a software controller (Arduino), whereas a simple hardware controller was used for the manual mode. The proposed solution was designed using wheelchair, Emotiv EPOC EEG headset, Arduino microcontroller, and Processing language. It was then tested by totally chaired volunteers under different levels of trajectories. The results showed that the person’s thoughts can be used to seamlessly control his/her wheelchair and the proposed system can be configured to suit many levels and degrees of disability.

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