scholarly journals The Holographic Principle: Typological Analysis Using Lower Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazarre Merchant ◽  
Martin Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Property Values ◽  
Holographic Principle ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Property Theory ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
Two Systems

A moderately complex factorial typology may consist of hundreds of languages which can opaquely encode linguistically salient categories and generalizations. We propose in this paper that complex typologies can be decomposed and understood using what we call the holographic principle: a large typology can be projected onto simplified versions of itself which can be completely understood using Property Theory (Alber & Prince 2016). The simplified versions can then be re-incorporated into the original in such a way that the properties of the simple are maintained and provide a framework for analyzing the full system.In this paper, we demonstrate this using two systems, a basic stringency system (BSS), and a coda stringency system (CSS). We show how a complete analysis of BSS, using Property Theory, provides fundamental insights into the more complicated CSS which BSS is a simplification of. A property analysis is a set of properties that divide the languages of the typology in such a way that each language and its grammar can be identified uniquely by its property values. Such an analysis identifies the crucial rankings among constraints that distinguish all grammars of the typology so that languages that share property values share extensional traits. 

The Final-over-Final Condition, Stringency, and Typological Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-784
Author(s):  
Natalie DelBusso
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Structure Parameter ◽  
Property Theory ◽  
Empirical Generalization ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
Typological Structure

The Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC; Biberauer, Holmberg, and Roberts 2014 , et seq.) describes an empirical generalization about possible crosslinguistic word orders. This article presents an Optimality Theory account that derives FOFC using constraints in a stringency relationship. It analyzes the resulting typology through Property Theory ( Alber, DelBusso, and Prince 2016 , Alber and Prince in preparation ). A property analysis explicates the internal structure of the typological space, showing how it explains the condition and how the same structure occurs more generally in stringency systems. The theoretical explanation is compared with that in another theory of typological structure, Parameter Hierarchies ( Roberts 2012 ).

scholarly journals Learning with Properties: Restrictiveness and Typological Structure*

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie DelBusso
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Typological Structure ◽  
Phonological System

A learner's task is to find the most restrictive grammar consistent with the data of their language. This paper develops an OT learning algorithm that incorporates typological-level information from Property Analysis to increase restrictiveness and successfully learn subset languages. Based on Tesar's (2014) Output-Driven Learner (ODL), Property-ODL (PODL) uses ERCs taken from property values encoding specific markedness > faithfulness rankings. PODL was tested in a learning simulation for the phonological system in Tesar (2014), Paka, which presents the challenging case of languages in paradigmatic subset relations. In ODL, these require additional methods to be learned. PODL eliminates the need for these in learning the paradigmatic subsets and overall reduces the use of less-tested methods in learning the grammars of the typology. 

Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substances

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Adebiyi
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Specific Heat Data ◽  
Pvt Data ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
Heat Data

Complete analysis of thermodynamic systems generally requires knowledge of the property values of substances at different states. Performing such analysis on the computer is facilitated if the equations of state for the substances are available in relatively simple analytic forms. This article presents a procedure for formulation for the thermodynamic properties of pure substances using two primary sets of data, namely the pvT data and the specific heat data such as the constant-pressure specific heat, cp, as a function of pressure and temperature. By developing a correlation of the pvT data in the virial form of equation of state, an appropriate corresponding correlation can be determined for the specific heat of the substance on the basis of the laws of thermodynamics. The resulting equations of state take on remarkably simple analytic forms that give accurate predictions over the range of input data employed.

scholarly journals The intensional and the extensional properties of Headed Agreement By Correspondence

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Iacoponi
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Property Theory ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
Output Mapping ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
Candidate Set

The goal of the paper is to analyze the relation between the data (the set of all possible input-output mapping generated by an OT system) and the theory (the ranking conditions that generate each grammar) for an OT system <GENHABC, CONHABC> (abbreviated SHABC) that includes crucial constraints and candidates from Headed Agreement By Correspondence (Iacoponi, 2015) using property theory (Alber and Prince, in prep., a.o.).Such an analysis is important for three reasons. First, since the analysis concerns the structure of a basic HABC typology, it significantly facilitates the study of the differences between HABC and the theories which it extends, namely ABC, and ABCD (Hansson 2001/2010; Rose & Walker 2004; Bennett 2013). Second, as shown in Alber and Prince (in prep.) and in Bennett, DelBusso and Iacoponi (2016), the study of the properties of a system is useful when the system is extended to include more constraints or candidates. Finding the basic structure of a typology not only deepens our understanding of the theory, but it also significantly facilitates the analysis of its extended sub-systems, allowing us to rigorously study the effect the different components (such as classes of candidates or specific constraints) have on the theory. Finally, by using the property analysis of a typology, it is possible to validate the universality of the support used to obtain the typology (see Alber, DelBusso and Prince, 2015).The paper is organized as follows. In section 1, I introduce the two core theories the paper builds on: Headed Agreement By Correspondence (HABC) and the formal properties of OT typologies. Section 2 contains the definitions of the constraints and of the candidate set. Section 3 discusses the typology, and the relation between its intensional and extensional properties. 

Summing constraints in and across properties

Phonology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-381
Author(s):  
Wm. G. Bennett ◽  
Natalie DelBusso
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Full System ◽  
Property Theory ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Constraint Set ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Work in Optimality Theory on the constraint set, Con, has often raised the question of whether certain types of constraints have multiple specific versions or are single general constraints that effectively sum the violations of specific variants. Comparing and evaluating analyses that differ in this way requires knowing the effect of this kind of summing on the full typology, which itself depends on the relationship of summands in the full system. Such relationships can be difficult to ascertain from inspecting violation profiles alone. This paper uses Property Theory to analyse the systematic effects of summing constraints in two distinct kinds of relationships: (i) across distinct properties, and (ii) within a constraint class in a single property. The results show how these two types collapse the typology in different, yet predictable, ways. Property Analysis provides a key to identifying constraint relationships and so to delineating the effect of summing.

Nonhuman sequence learning findings argue against Hoerl and McCormack's two systems of temporal cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. De Corte ◽  
Edward A. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Ordinal Position ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Two Systems

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack propose that animals learn sequences through an entrainment-like process, rather than tracking the temporal addresses of each event in a given sequence. However, past research suggests that animals form “temporal maps” of sequential events and also comprehend the concept of ordinal position. These findings suggest that a clarification or qualification of the authors’ hypothesis is needed.

Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Urban ◽  
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽  
Isabelle Signolet ◽  
Christophe Colas Ribas ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

A Tale of Two Systems: Trauma and Behavioral and Physical Health Status in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Youth

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erynne H. Shatto ◽  
Sarah J. Fucillo ◽  
Z. Kane Jones ◽  
James R. Stefurak ◽  
Valerie Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Two Systems

Two systems for emotional action processing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wincenciak ◽  
Jennifer Ingham ◽  
Tjeerd Jellema ◽  
Nick E. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Action Processing ◽  
Two Systems

Self-Damping Mechanism in Blood Coagulation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Nemerson ◽  
S.A Silverberg ◽  
J Jesty
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
Two Systems

SummaryTwo reactions of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, the activations of Factor X and prothrombin, have been studied in purified systems and shown to be self-damping. Factor X was activated by the tissue factor - Factor VII complex, and prothrombin by two systems: the coagulant protein of Taipan venom, and the physiological complex of activated Factor X, Factor V, lipid, and calcium ions. In each case the yield of enzyme, activated Factor X or thrombin, is a function of the concentration of activator. These and other observations are considered as a basis for a control mechanism in coagulation.

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