LIFESTYLE, ARCHITECTURE AND QUALITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The study reveals the aspects that defi ne the concept of “lifestyle”, including the main categories: standard of living, lifestyle, quality of life and lifestyle. Insuffi cient knowledge of the mutual infl uence of people’s “lifestyle” on the typological structure of apartments and residential buildings, on the quality of the urban environment is emphasized. The infl uence of the level of urbanization of the city territory on the characteristics of the “urban lifestyle” is considered. Problematic issues are raised related to the debate on the relationship between building density and comfort and the quality index of the living environment. The main directions of fundamental research in the fi eld of architecture, aimed at the development of new types of buildings, are touched upon. The emphasis is made on the methods of using high-rise buildings for the humanization of the urban environment and the formation of a modern “compact city”.

RAILWAY WATER TOWERS OF WESTERN POLAND – HISTORIC NETWORKED ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCE AND ITS TYPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

The article reports on the identification of the inventory of the water towers in Western Poland, the territory consisting of nine main administrative units called voivodeships. It presents the inventory of water towers both in statistical and locational terms, diagnosing architectural typologies and examining the quantitative parameters of the resource as well as its distribution in particular voivodeships. An attempt has been made here to show the resource by postulating the introduction of the concept of historic networked architectural resource (HiNAR). In this particular case, the element of historic heritage must be considered in the context of the network of buildings, as its component, so that it should be possible to read its meaning and the historical values accumulated in particular structures. This approach enables us to look more precisely at the changes in the formation of architectural form in subsequent decades.

TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF WISH FOR EVIL IN LAX

The article examines the types of speech acts with the general meaning of a curse. The typological structure of the formulas of the speech act of ill will (or curse), their structural and pragmatic features are considered. The standard structures of performative utterances of ill will (or curse) are defined.

Potential landscape stability of recreational zones on the southern shore of Lake Baikal

The article deals with the landscape stability of five recreational zones on the southern coast of Lake Baikal: Portbaikal’skaya, Kultuk-Slyudyanskaya, Utulik-Baikal’skaya, Murinskaya and Snezhinskaya, the boundaries of which were previously defined during the tourist and recreational zoning of the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory between 2017 and 2019. We studied the natural stability of recreational areas on a landscape basis using the results of component-wise assessments of vulnerability and stability. The landscape-typological structure of recreational zones and component-wise stability within the boundaries of specific landscape sections were analysed, the integral stability of landscapes was obtained, and a comparative analysis of the landscape stability of the selected recreational zones has been carried out.

ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF THE TYPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ETHNOCULTURAL TOURISM CLUSTERS

The target programs for the development of tourism adopted by the government of the Russian Federation testify to the relevance of this sector of the economy. One of the developing areas of tourism is ethnocultural tourism associated with the study of the culture, life and traditions of numerous ethnic groups. Currently, the scientific and theoretical basis for the design of objects of ethnocultural tourism is insufficiently formed, there is no classification of such institutions in the system of tourist services. The aim of the study is to develop a universal typological structure of ethnocultural tourism objects - ethnocultural tourism clusters (ETC). The purpose of the study is to form a classification of ethno-cultural tourist clusters and on its basis to identify their typological characteristics. As a result of the study, a typological classification of ethnocultural tourist clusters is proposed. It is based on the previously developed three-stage system of organizing ethnocultural tourism for the Russian-Kazakh borderland. The proposed typological structure is based on the one-time carrying capacity of the ETC. Tourist service options determine different forms of tourist accommodation in the cluster system of ethnocultural tourism: in the houses of local residents in ethnic settlements, as well as in hotels and guest houses on the territory of the cluster. It is concluded that the proposed typological structure of ethnocultural tourist clusters is universal in solving the problems of multivariate tourist services in vast, undeveloped territories with a poorly developed transport infrastructure and rich cultural, ethnic heritage and similar in climatic and socio-economic conditions.

National priorities and national projects in the housing sector of modern Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of implementation efficiency of the housing policy in Russia as the mostimportant direction of the state economic policy. It is noted that all countries rec-ognize the importance of housingsecurity for the health of the nation and economic growth. The studies have shown that problems of housingdevelopment, including the availability and ade-quacy of housing are among the national priorities in the stateeconomic policy and are imple-mented throughout a system of strategic documents and national projects thatdefine goals, ob-jectives, directions and target indicators of the state housing policy. The article shows a system oftarget indicators for the development of the housing sector, which allow us to assess the effec-tiveness of housingpolicy in Russia. The most important indicators are the volume of housing construction and the average housingavailability. Based on the official statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Bankof Russia, the analysis of the dynamics of housing construction development is carried out and the main trendsin housing construction were identified, such as: increased spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of housinginvest-ments, a decrease in the volume of housing construction, an increase in demand for new housing, anda deterioration in the typological structure of built housing. The article shows the impact of project financing and thereduction of mortgage rates on the housing construction dynamics. Us-ing methods of correlation-regression andfactor analysis, as well as scenario approach a forecast of achievability of the target indicators for the developmentof the housing sector in Russia is made. It is concluded that it is essential to adjust the strategic target indicatorsof housing con-struction as well as the state housing policy. Measures to improve availability and adequacy ofhousing for the Russian population are proposed. Acknowledgments. The reported research was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research and by theTomsk Region Government, grant No. 18-410-700013

Recreational and health forests of Kremenets district, Ternopil region

The article presents the results of the research of recreational and health stands in Kremenets district of Ternopil region. The total area of these forests is 5868.2 hectares. Studies of the typological structure of the forests were carried out according to the methods of AlekseevPohrebniak Forest Typology of Forestry Ecological School. MapInfo Professional 12.0 and a vector map of Ukraine were used to construct a map-scheme of the research region. The typological variety of recreational and health-improving stands is represented from subors (В) to dubravas (D). Thus, dubravas are the largest share among them (72.9% of the total area covered with forest vegetation). The share of the area of sudubravas is 17.7% of the total area covered with forest vegetation; the rest is subors (9.4%). Forest managers have identified 14 types of forests on the territory of the research facility. Thus, there are only 2 types of forest in the subors, 8 types of forest in the sudubravas and 4 types of forests in the dubravas. The most common type of forest in Kremenets district is fresh hornbeam forest represented 71.6% of the total area covered with forest vegetation. The share of fresh hornbeam-oak-pine forest reaches 17.1%; a slightly smaller share is represented by fresh oak-pine subors — 9.4%. The forest species diversity is represented by 22 species of trees. Thus, among these tree species, the largest area is occupied by Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) — 40.6% of the total area covered with forest vegetation, and 29.1% — by Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Stands of artificial origin (78.0% of the total area covered with forest vegetation) are dominant; the rest of stands have natural origin (22.0%). The age structure of stands is unbalanced. Middle-aged stands dominate (57.9% of the total area covered with forest vegetation). The share of maturing, young and matured forests ranges from 9.0 to 14.9% of the total forest area. In terms of relative completeness, stands with a density of 0.71–0.8 dominate which is 37.7% of the total area covered with forest vegetation. The share of stands with completeness of 0.61–0.7 (29.9%) and 0.81–0.9 (14.5%) is slightly smaller. The bonitete classes are dominated by stands of the I bonitete class — 51.3% of the total area covered with forest vegetation. Thus, the share of II, Ia and III bonitete classes varies from 7.1 to 23.3% of the total forest area

Typological structure and age composition of beach stands in the mountainous Crimea

The features of the typological structure, age composition and territorial distribution of beech stands in the Mountainous Crimea were studied. It is shown that nowadays beech forests grow in the range of altitudes from 400-500 to 1300-1400 m above sea level on an area of 34.9 thousand hectares, which is 13.4% of the forested territory of the peninsula. The age structure of beech stands is characterized by the cyclical process of renewal of indigenous stands, which is determined by the implementation of favorable natural factors - the level of seed yield and weather conditions during the formation of seed renewal generation, the frequency of which is 40-50 years. Based on the analysis of the ecological spectrum of the species composition of the grass layer, it is established that the forest growing conditions in the beech stands in the central part of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains should be characterized as fresh sudubravas and beech forests. The density of beech young growth in ecotopes in this area varies from 0.5 to 4 thousand pieces per 1 ha. In areas where the light regime improves, the young trees grow in the form of small bunches, often forming groups of young plants around the trunks of adult trees. Using satellite images of the Landsat 8 space sensing system, it was revealed that at present, in the central part of the beech forests of the Mountainous Crimea, significant areas are completely devoid of forest vegetation, or are covered with sparse woodlands, in the phytocenotic structure of which herbaceous plants predominate.

Analysis of species diversity of forests on the territory of Kharkivska Oblast

The paper presents the findings of a study of species diversity of forests in the Kharkivska Oblast. The study was conducted on the territory of ten forestry enterprises and the State Enterprise Kharkiv Forest Research Station and the Homilsha Woods National Nature Park on an area of 282.3 thousand ha (area is subordinated to the State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine). The purpose of the study was to analyse the species diversity and typological structure of forests in the Kharkivska Oblast. The study of species diversity was carried out based on analysis of the subcompartment database of the VO Ukrderzhlisproekt. The plantations were classified by the trophotope on the territory of the research facility in accordance with the main methodological provisions of the Ukrainian forestry and forest typology. A diagrammatic map of forests and dominant species (common oak and Scots pine) was compiled using the MapInfo Professional 12.5 software package and a vector map of 12 forestries in the Kharkivska Oblast. It has been established that 56 species of trees grow in the Kharkivska Oblast. Among these tree species, the predominant ones are common oak (53.4%) and Scots pine (32.7%). The distribution of plantations by trophotope is characterised by certain features. For example, dubrava conditions prevail in the stands (65.6% of the total area covered by forest vegetation), subor forests are 3.5 times less represented, and sudubravas and pine forests are the least common. Among the forest types, the most common are fresh maple-linden dubravas (43.7%) and fresh oak-pine subors (18.9%). The practical significance of the study is that the analysis of species diversity and typological structure of forests must be taken into account during the planning, organisation, and conduct of forestry activities in the Kharkivska Oblast

LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF INTERLINGUAL COMMUNICATION

The article dwells on the linguocultural issues of interlingual communication. Interlingual communication is presented in the article by translation while linguocultural means are viewed as expressive tools used to construct a national worldview where the expressive function is of paramount importance. The major task in rendering the expressive function in translation is to achieve equivalence, i.e. creation such a situation in the process of interlingual communication where the emotional response of a source-text reader could be equal to that of a target-text reader. It is important to take into account intercultural peculiarities of emotion manifestation while analyzing the degree of emotionality and expressiveness of a work of fiction in different languages. This is accounted for a double nature of emotions. They are viewed as a universal psychic phenomenon, physiological experience, on the one hand, and as an emotional concept characterized by specific culturally-related wording and perception, on the other hand. Though emotions are of universal character, the typological structure of emotional lexicon is different in different languages having very clear national peculiarities. This proves that a language is not a mirror reflection of the world and serves as one more evidence that the world of emotions and the world of language means do not coincide. In the paper, linguocultural means to denote various emotions peculiar for a Ukrainian text and the ways of their rendering in an English text in the process of interlingual communication have been considered. It requires, first and foremost, besides the analysis of the ways of translation of expressive means in a source-text and a target-text also analyze their reception in accepting culture. Expressive information in the text under consideration and its translation version is rendered by a large arsenal of stylistic means which facilitate the perception and assessment by a reader and a translator of a work of fiction and revealing its emotional potential. It has been established that among the basic expressive means to denote expressive information in interlingual communication are phonetic and graphic, word-building or morphological, lexical, phraseological, and syntactic ones. As a result of the research performed, it has been revealed that the author and the reader, and in the translation process also the translator, are the major agents in the act of communication realizing the principle of anthropocentrism according to which a human being is the completion of universe evolution.