Determination of the content of a construct "volunteer activity" in educational practice: the experience of theoretical comprehension and empirical reconstruction

Introduction. Volunteering is becoming more and more important in the life of civil society and for the formation of human capital, but at the same time there is a lack of comprehensive scientific practice-oriented psychological-pedagogical research on the concept of "volunteer activity". The purpose of this work is to determine the actual effectiveness of an interdisciplinary study of the psychological-pedagogical concept of “volunteer activity” in the educational space. Methods. Empirical data were obtained using the methods of psychosemantics and psycholinguistics (verbal self-descriptions "My volunteer activity" (schoolchildren and students) and "I am an organizer of volunteer activities" (teachers-organizers, leaders of volunteer centers/teams) were used; compilation of an associative dictionary, a "Personal Differential" technique. The data underwent the procedure of content analysis with the extraction of semantic units. To process the results obtained, an iterative method of cluster analysis – k-means clustering – was used; a comparative analysis of fields was implemented. The empirical study involved schoolchildren (N = 44, aged 14-17) and university students (N = 432, aged 18-20) engaged in volunteering and organizers of volunteer activities (N = 37, aged 35-40) from the Altai Territory. The total sample consisted of 910 people. Research results. The scheme of the interdisciplinary study has been tested, which makes it possible to construct the semantic space of a psychological-pedagogical concept of "volunteer activity". For each sample of respondents, two clusters were obtained: schoolchildren and university students (p≤0.01) – the measure of proximity varies from 4.59 to 9.52 for the first cluster and from 4.19 to 7.57 – for the second one; teachers-organizers (p≤0.05) – the measure of proximity varies from 2.67 to 4.89 for the first cluster and from 1.72 to 3.36 – for the second one; volunteer leaders (p≤0.05) – the measure of proximity varies from 2.67 to 4.33 for the first cluster and from 2.35 to 4.73 – for the second one. Significant differences and points of contact of semantic fields were revealed. The average values of the scales according to the "Personal differential" technique are as follows: for schoolchildren – 5, for university students – 16. Conclusion. The prospects for the implementation of this study are outlined, which consist in the empirical generalization of the continuity of implementation of volunteer practices; the structural analysis of psychological-pedagogical technologies and interactive forms of education, the development of a set of tools for assessing the effectiveness of the results of implementation of volunteer programs, the creation of an electronic database of the most effective and adequate practices.

The Internal Structure of Spanish–German Verbalizations and the Sophistication of Bilinguals’ Linguistic Knowledge

The present article reassesses some available data regarding word-internal language mixing (Spanish–German) involving verbs and nouns. The empirical generalization is that Spanish roots can be combined with German verbalizers, but not vice versa. Data of this type highlight the sophisticated knowledge of the underlying representations that code-switching bilinguals must have of both contributing grammars and, in turn, how these contribute to the formation of the grammar that underlies their rule-governed systems for amalgamating them. Despite agreeing with the general conclusions of González-Vilbazo and López’s 2011 study regarding what the data tell us about code-switching more generally, we refine their analysis to better capture the patterns. Our proposal is that these mixtures are the only instances where the structural and lexical properties of verbal exponents used in both languages overlap, parting ways with previous analyses based on the possible zero nature of Spanish verbalizers or the absence of conjugation classes in German.

Empirical Approach to Defect Detection Probability by Acoustic Emission Testing

Estimation of probability of defect detection (POD) is one of the most important problems in acoustic emission (AE) testing. It is caused by the influence of the material microstructure parameters on the diagnostic data, variability of noises, the ambiguous assessment of the materials emissivity, and other factors, which hamper modeling the AE data, as well as the a priori determination of the diagnostic parameters necessary for calculating POD. In this study, we propose an empirical approach based on the generalization of the experimental AE data acquired under mechanical testing of samples to a priori estimation of the AE signals emitted by the defect. We have studied the samples of common industrial steels 09G2S (similar to steel ANSI A 516-55) and 45 (similar to steel 1045) with fatigue cracks grown in laboratory conditions during cyclic testing. Empirical generalization of data using probabilistic models enables estimating the conditional probability of record emissivity and amplitudes of AE signals. This approach allows to eliminate the existing methodological gap and to build a comprehensive method for assessing the probability of fatigue cracks detection by the AE testing.

LEGAL REGULATION OF NAVAL FORCES ACTIVITY: WORLD EXPERIENCE

Background. The analysis of the evolution of the regulation of the navy cannot be carried out without considering the reflection of the relevant aspects in the naval historical thought. These scientific researches first of all have no legal orientation and have as their subject the content and nature of the activity of the navy, in particular in measuring its formation and development. At the same time, their generalization and evaluation in the legal dimension would be useful in the context of determining the relationship between historical thought and the development of naval law. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that, despite aspects of the attention of legal historians to the issue of regulatory support of the armed forces, there is no relevant works on the evolution of the legal regulation of the navy. The aim of the article is to correlate global historical thought and legal support for the activities of the navy. To solve this goal, it is necessary to determine the development of relevant historical thought, to characterize its implementation in the works on naval doctrine and strategy, to assess the importance of relevant works for the development of naval law. Materials and methods. In the course of the research historical-legal, comparative, systemic, epistemological, hermeneutic, biographical methods were used. Results. The reflection of aspects of legal regulation of activity of naval forces in works of historians of fleet is investigated. The formation of the history of the navy from the seventeenth century in terms of special research and works on naval tactics and strategy is considered. It is proved that at the first stage these researches had the character of empirical generalization and provision of tactical activity of the sailing and then mechanized fleet, but from the end of the XIX century this experience was gained in the development of a maritime strategy. Conclusion. Historical studies of naval development first emerged at the appropriate scientific level as part of the development of naval tactics and strategies by French, British and American authors, whose works constitute an interconnected universal and universally recognized system of scientific research begun in the late seventeenth century. At the first stage, these studies were in the nature of empirical generalization and ensuring the tactical activities of the sailing and then mechanized fleet. But from the end of the XIX century this experience was gained in the development of a naval strategy, which gained universal character and indisputable authority for the naval forces of the most countries. In addition to use in works on naval tactics and strategy, the history of the navy from the eighteenth century reflected in biographical works, and in the twentieth century the most of the relevant historical works began to have the character of memoirs. Because the world-renowned fundamental works on naval strategy and tactics belong primarily to American and British authors, the domestic dimension of historical scientific research in this area is extremely limited. Thus, these issues require new research. Keywords: naval forces, history of navy, naval law, naval doctrine, naval strategy.

METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING THE TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

It is shown that modern socio-economic transformations of planetary scale are significantly changing the place and role of the state in the local, national and global dimensions, which increases the importance of discussing the problems of transformation of its functions in the context of globalization. It is argued that globalization processes create a contradiction between the interests of transnational and international structures and the political and economic interests of nation states. This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, part of the socioeconomic processes within countries come from the influence of the nation state and, on the other, private international structures are beginning to largely determine the course of events in a particular state. It is shown that the empirical generalization of economic functions of the state has a superficial character, a logical-historical methodology substantiated, the application of which allows to conclude that the market as a mechanism for reconciling the private interests of economic entities and the state as the embodiment of general economic interests are complementary structures. A logical-historical methodology is developed, which, in contrast to the empirical approach, contains other formulations and classification grouping of economic functions of the state, defining the main ones as follows: expression and representation of general economic interests, ensuring economic needs of society as a whole and protection of public economic interests. All other functions are derivative. Within the logical-historical methodology, it is substantiated that the main directions of transformation of the main economic functions of the state are: weakening of the monopoly component of its function in representation of public economic interests and growth of value in this process of state-public institutions; increasing the level of socialization and humanization of economic needs and ways to meet them; internationalization of mechanisms for protection of economic interests of states. It is noted that these areas of transformation of the main economic functions of the state should be given due attention by scientists, experts and developers of socioeconomic policy.

Accounting Institute: on the Genesis and Impact of Management Revolutions

The aim of the study is to establish the presence of a causal relationship between the historical development of the accounting system (its modification) with management revolutions, identification of new characteristic features and accounting functions arising from changes in management approaches and requirements for accounting information for management purposes. Achieving the goal of the study involves identifying opportunities for further improving the accounting system based on the experience of its genesis under the influence of managerial revolutions. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition. The use of the historical method allowed to establish the logical dependence of the evolution of accounting on the requirements of the management system. Analytical and systematic methods were used to identify and form descriptions of the relationship of the accounting system in budgetary institutions with the processes of management system transformation and management revolutions. The impact of managerial revolutions on the accounting system in Ukraine and their consequences are established on the basis of an empirical generalization of historical archival and literary descriptions, as well as a critical analysis of the regulatory regulation of accounting, its norms and practices. The existence of a direct influence of managerial revolutions on the content, requirements, principles and methods of accounting is justified. The above result is based on the results of the analysis of the historical content of accounting, its evidence (accounting documents), as well as the assessment of the functions of the persons who carried out the accounting. The study of works on the history of accounting made it possible to assess the genesis of the introduction of the institutional approach and accounting as the basis for its transformational changes aimed at strengthening compliance with management needs. The study showed that accounting is changing under the influence of transformations in management, changes in its requests, determined by the existing needs of management.

The Importance of Making-While-Reading for Undergraduate Readers: An Example of Inductive SoTL

This paper gives an example of an inductive Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) process, adapting Anthony Ciccone’s five conditions of a meaningful SoTL question. Presenting a study on pre-class reading in an undergraduate religion class, I describe how my question went through five life stages. I began with nine different pre-class reading assignments. Students judged the “map” assignment to be most helpful. This led to a further question: why maps? In a close reading of students’ reading reflections, two themes stood out: students experienced maps as helping them create a mental overview of the reading, and maps facilitated greater ownership of the act of reading. In conclusion, I argue that humanities instructors who wish to teach advanced reading skills can start by providing pre-class assignments that allow for making-while-reading, and that this making should not be merged with other reading steps. In an epilogue I reflect on the inductive research process. I suggest that SoTL scholars who use this process may reach an impasse when deciding how to present meaningful answers because their conceptual answers will stand in tension with SoTL’s practical orientation. I propose focusing on conceptual generalization (rather than empirical generalization), while still foregrounding a balance between “what works” and “what is.”

The Importance of Making-While-Reading for Undergraduate Readers: An Example of Inductive SoTL

This paper gives an example of an inductive Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) process, adapting Anthony Ciccone’s five conditions of a meaningful SoTL question. Presenting a study on pre-class reading in an undergraduate religion class, I describe how my question went through five life stages. I began with nine different pre-class reading assignments. Students judged the “map” assignment to be most helpful. This led to a further question: why maps? In a close reading of students’ reading reflections, two themes stood out: students experienced maps as helping them create a mental overview of the reading, and maps facilitated greater ownership of the act of reading. In conclusion, I argue that humanities instructors who wish to teach advanced reading skills can start by providing pre-class assignments that allow for making-while-reading, and that this making should not be merged with other reading steps. In an epilogue I reflect on the inductive research process. I suggest that SoTL scholars who use this process may reach an impasse when deciding how to present meaningful answers because their conceptual answers will stand in tension with SoTL’s practical orientation. I propose focusing on conceptual generalization (rather than empirical generalization), while still foregrounding a balance between “what works” and “what is.”

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COMPLICATIONS OF RECEPTION AND TREATMENT OF DENTAL PATIENTS DURING SARS-Cov-2 PANDEMIC PERIOD

During the period since beginning of the introduction of the high alert regime due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection, a study was carried out of the psychological aspects of the changes in the subjective attitude of patients to the need to visit a dentist against the background of increased epidemiological risks. In the course of the study, the collected experimental material was systematized and subjected to primary empirical generalization, based on the results of which a number of key factors were then identified that play the role of the most powerful stressors for the individual perception and consciousness of the average dental patient. Subsequently, the analysis of the objective aspects and subjectively perceived characteristics of the influence of the most powerful stressors, as well as the psychological structure that they acquired in the emotional-affective and cognitive spheres of the psyche of the interviewed patients, was carried out. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of intrapsychic contradictions and conflicts arising from the emerging imbalances between the patient's initial motivation, initiated by his personal needs to visit the dentist, and his own emotional experiences regarding the assessment of the estimated epidemiological risks. In particular, the most detailed study was made of the phenomenology of the asymptomatic type of disease course caused by infection in relation to the emerging characteristics of the perception by the individual consciousness of the phenomenon of "asymptomatic" as an invisible and terrible danger. In this regard, an extremely high level of anxiety of patients about the forced nature of the future violation of social distance by them when visiting a doctor was noted, and real risk factors for the individual psyche in situations of its acute decompensation due to the lack of opportunities to overcome stress were indicated. In conclusion, a number of clinical recommendations are given on possible ways to relieve stress from experiences of this kind, including the most modern and effective methods.

Development of robotic circular reproduction in ensuring sustainable economic growth

To confront global challenges in the field of environmental security, humanity needs reproduction chains of a new type that correspond to the models of the green economy and the principles of sustainable development. The most relevant concept that meets these conditions is a circular economy. A new round of industrial development provides additional opportunities to introduce principles of circular reproduction. The proliferation of robots and the introduction of artificial intelligence systems will facilitate the implementation of circular innovations. The purpose of the paper is a study of current trends in the transformation of global value chains based on the symbiosis of virtual and physical production systems which form new operating models and contribute to sustainable economic growth. The research methodology includes general scientific methods of cognition, systemic and situational approaches, methods of structural and functional analysis, empirical generalization and comparison, as well as tabular and graphical methods of visualization of statistical and calculated data. The main results of the study are to gain new knowledge about the role of interaction between digital and physical spaces in ensuring the achievement of goals of sustainable development and the implementation of principles of circular reproduction. Studying robotic circular reproduction will increase the relevance of the concepts of a green economy and circular reproduction, which will promote effective implementation of the above concepts in the Russian Federation.