Standardized Reporting Needed to Improve Accuracy of Flaring Data

Gas flaring represents a large waste of a natural resource for energy production and is a significant source of greenhouses gases to the atmosphere. The World Bank estimates annual flared gas volumes of 150 billion cubic meters, based upon a conversion of remotely sensed radiant heat data from the NOAA’s VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) instrument onboard the polar-orbiting Suomi NPP satellite. However, the conversion of the remotely sensed radiant heat measurements into flared gas volumes currently depends on flare operator reported volumes, which can be biased in various ways due to inconsistent reporting requirements. Here, I discuss both known and unknown biases in the datasets, using them to illustrate the current lack of accuracy in the widely discussed flaring numbers. While volume trends over time could be derived directly from the radiant heat data, absolute amounts remain questionable. Standardizing how flared gas volumes are measured and reported could dramatically improve accuracy. In addition, I suggest expanding satellite measurements of individual flares burning under controlled conditions as a major improvement to daily monitoring, alongside the potential usage of remotely sensed flare temperature to estimate combustion efficiency.

Learning crystal field parameters using convolutional neural networks

We present a deep machine learning algorithm to extract crystal field (CF) Stevens parameters from thermodynamic data of rare-earth magnetic materials. The algorithm employs a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) that is trained on magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data that is calculated theoretically within the single-ion approximation and further processed using a standard wavelet transformation. We apply the method to crystal fields of cubic, hexagonal and tetragonal symmetry and for both integer and half-integer total angular momentum values JJ of the ground state multiplet. We evaluate its performance on both theoretically generated synthetic and previously published experimental data on CeAgSb_22, PrAgSb_22 and PrMg_22Cu_99, and find that it can reliably and accurately extract the CF parameters for all site symmetries and values of JJ considered. This demonstrates that CNNs provide an unbiased approach to extracting CF parameters that avoids tedious multi-parameter fitting procedures.

Specific Heat on Single-crystalline YVO3

The specific heat of single-crystalline YVO3 was measured from 2 K up to 250 K at zero field. The results reveal three transitions, at around 75, 115, and 200 K. The transitions at around 115 K and 200 K show that the phase transition is of the second-order type, whereas at around 75 K, unusual features of the specific heat are found. These unusual features are attributed to the effect of a large change in the volume. The specific heat data were analyzed in terms of a lattice contribution, a Schottky contribution and an excess magnetic contribution at high temperature. The magnetic contribution well above the magnetic ordering temperature is ascribed to short-range interactions due to the presence of strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The magnetic entropy considered by using this approach is 9.13 J/mole K which is close to the theoretical estimate for the S = 1 system.

Temperature-Independent Cuprate Pseudogap from Planar Oxygen NMR

Planar oxygen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and shift data from all cuprate superconductors available in the literature are analyzed. They reveal a temperature-independent pseudogap at the Fermi surface, which increases with decreasing doping in family-specific ways, i.e., for some materials, the pseudogap is substantial at optimal doping while for others it is nearly closed at optimal doping. The states above the pseudogap, or in its absence are similar for all cuprates and doping levels, and Fermi liquid-like. If the pseudogap is assumed exponential it can be as large as about 1500 K for the most underdoped systems, relating it to the exchange coupling. The pseudogap can vary substantially throughout a material, being the cause of cuprate inhomogeneity in terms of charge and spin, so consequences for the NMR analyses are discussed. This pseudogap appears to be in agreement with the specific heat data measured for the YBaCuO family of materials, long ago. Nuclear relaxation and shift show deviations from this scenario near Tc, possibly due to other in-gap states.

Magnetic studies of monoclinic Cu4O(SeO3)3, a copper-oxo-selenite derivative

Cu4O(SeO3)3 is a copper-oxo-selenite belonging to the CuxO(SeO3)(x–1) family of the topological chiral magnet Cu2OSeO3. We report magnetometry and specific heat data measured in a monoclinic Cu4O(SeO3)3 single crystal grown through a Chemical Vapour Transport (CVT) reaction. Our study shows a typical antiferromagnetic behaviour, with a Néel temperature TN = 58 K, similar to that of the Cu2OSeO3 and an additional transition at 13 K. The effective magnetic moment per Cu atom is 1.84 μB, close to the expected theoretical value for Cu2+. The low-temperature M(H) curves, show a transition starting at Hc1 ~ 400 Oe at 1.8 K shifting to a lower value of ~ 280 Oe at 30 K, likely from a helical into a conical intermediate phase, and a second transition at Hc2 ~ 1 kOe, above which the net moment increases linearly with applied field. The magnetisation moment value in a 90 kOe field is 0.053 μB/Cu at 1.8 K and attains a maximum value of 0.061 μB at 13 K. Low-temperature specific heat measurements confirm the presence of the magnetic transition at 13 K, slightly shifting to lower temperatures under an applied magnetic field.

IDENTIFICATION OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BALI COWS (Bos sondaicus) ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ACCEPTORS IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE UPSUS SIWAB PROGRAM IN BADUNG AND TABANAN REGENCIES

This research was conducted in Badung and Tabanan Regencies with a survey method on bali cow farmer groupwhere the cows as artificial insemintion (AI) acceptors were in the the program of special effort on acceleration ofpregnant cattle and buffalo population (Upsus Siwab). Sampling was carried out by purposive random samplingwith 74 cows were in Badung and 61 cows were in Tabanan. Data obtained from interviews and recording fromfarmers, farmer groups and inseminator staffs. Data collected included: age of cows, age of first mated, calvingrate, service per conception, gestation period, and post partus heat. Data generated were analysed using descriptivestatistics and reproductive performance of bali cows as AI acceptors between Badung Regency and Tabanan Regencywas analysed using Two Independent Sample T Test. Results showed that the average age of cows in Badung andTabanan was 4.23 ± 2.00 years and 4.50 ± 2.90 years and the age at first mated was 1.74 ± 0.49 and 1.900.38 yearsrespectively. Calving rate of cows as AI acceptors in Badung and Tabanan Regencies were 56.75% and 40.98%respectively. Service per conception is 1.62 ± 0.39 times and 1.90 ± 0.38 times, respectively. The average of gestationperiod of cows in Badung 9.63 ± 0.52 months tended to be longer than of 9.45 ± 0.22 months in Tabanan, whereasthe post partus heat were 3.06 ± 0.94 months and 3.53 ± 1.03 months, respectively. In conclusion, the calving rate ofcows in Badung was greater than of in Tabanan and the post partus heat of AI acceptor cows in Badung was shorterthan of in Tabanan.

Efektifitas fasad selubung ganda dalam mengurangi beban panas pada dinding luar bangunan

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental melalui simulasi numerik berbantuan komputer untuk mengetahui efektifitas fasad selubung ganda dalam mengurangi beban panas pada dinding luar. Model fasad selubung ganda yang digunakan terdiri atas selubung luar, selubung dalam, elemen peneduh, bukaan bawah dan bukaan atas sebagai gerbang masuk dan keluarnya udara melalui rongga udara yang tercipta antara selubung luar dan selubung dalam. Simulasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data temperatur pada rongga selubung, temperatur kaca, temperatur elemen peneduh, transfer panas radiasi, transmittansi termal, dan jumlah exhaust-heat. Data tersebut digunakan untuk menghitung besaran u-value dan SC dari fasad selubung ganda. Hasil perhitungan besaran beban panas dengan MicroHASP/TES menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 57.7% dari beban panas pada zona perimeter di waktu puncak dapat direduksi pada selubung barat dan timur. Sebanyak 11% dari total load dapat direduksi jika dibandingkan dengan fasad kaca tunggal 8mm dan 10% dari total load dapat dikurangi jika dibandingkan dengan fasad kaca ganda 6mm.