scholarly journals THE STATE OF THE MOTOR-EVACUATOR FUNCTION OF THE DIGITAL CHANNEL IN PATIENTS AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE OBSTRUCTION OF SMALL INTESTINE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ITS COURSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzubanovsky ◽  
V. V. Benedykt ◽  
A. M. Prodan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
The State ◽  
Acute Obstruction ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Medium Mass ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Summary. Disruption of the motor-evacuation function of the digestive canal is an integral cause of the adverse course of acute obstruction of the small intestine and as a consequence of high lethality in this pathology. Purpose of the study. To study the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with acute obstruction of the small intestine and its effect on the course of the disease in the postoperative period to create effective, sound methods of treatment of these patients. Materials and methods. Complexly after surgery, 221 patients with acute obstruction of the small intestine were examined. Used clinical and instrumental methods for the study of motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract (electrogastrography, electroenterography, phonoenterography), determined the degree of intoxication syndrome (leukocyte index of intoxication, molecules of medium mass), nonspecific resistance to organism operating-anesthetic index on ASA scale. Results and its discussion. Functional state of the patient with acute obstruction of the small intestine, its comorbidity affects the degree of operativeanesthesiological risk and the state of the motor-evacuation function of the digestive canal. It was found that inhibition of the motor function of the digestive tract in the first three days after surgery led to an increase in the level of intoxication, requiring its mandatory correction. Conclusions. A promising direction in the treatment of patients with acute obstruction of the small intestine is to develop measures that contribute to the preservation, protection and restoration of motility of the digestive tract at all stages of treatment.

GASTROINTESTINAL HYPOMOTILITY IN MAGNESIUM-DEFICIENT SHEEP

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. BUENO ◽  
J. FIORAMONTI ◽  
E. GEUX ◽  
Y. RAISSIGUIER
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Spiking Activity

The electrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder was recorded in four sheep fed a Mg-deficient diet during 10 to 15 days. The mitigating effect of intravenous infusions of MgCl2 was tested at the end of the experimental period in animals presenting hypomagnesemia. Motility of the reticulo-rumen remained unchanged in Mg-deficient sheep except that there was no postprandial increased frequency of contractions. By contrast, the contractions of gallbladder, cecum and proximal colon were reduced in both amplitude and frequency. The amplitude but not the frequency of the antro-duodenal slow-waves was reduced. The amplitude of the regular spiking activity of the small intestine was reduced as well as the number of complexes produced per day. The activity of the spiral colon was correlated to the blood magnesium concentrations but Mg infusion was unable to restore immediately the motor profile of the rest of the gut to its intitial level. This was done within 2–3 days by changes in the diet in three of the four animals. It is concluded that the motility of the whole digestive tract, including the reticulo-rumen, is modified on a Mg-deficient diet and that hypomagnesemia, involved in the atony of the spiral colon, is only one of the factors responsible for the hypomotility.

Interaction between sites of magnesium absorption in the digestive tract of the sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Tomas ◽  
BJ Potter
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

The effect of magnesium chloride infusion to different sites in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep upon the net absorption of magnesium from different regions of the digestive tract has been examined. Four Merino wethers were each prepared with cannulas sited in the rumen, in the duodenum adjacent to the pylorus and in the terminal ileum. The basal diet provided 18.45 mmoles magnesium/ day and an additional 65 mmoles magnesium/day as magnesium chloride was continuously infused into (A) the rumen, (B) the rumen and duodenum in equal portions, (C) the duodenum and (D) the terminal ileuni. A continuous infusion of Cr-EDTA to the ruinen enabled digcsta and magnesium flow rates to be estimated from digesta samples obtained from the intestinal cannulas at 4 hr intervals over 3 days. For treatments A, B, C and D respectively, the mean net absorption of magnesium (mmoles/day) from the rumen was 20.4, 11.4, 1.4 and 3.4; from the small intestine –0.5, 1.7, –5.1 and –9.8; from the large intestine 4.6, 2.2, 12.7 and 12.3; and from the total gastrointestinal tract 24.6, 15.4, 9.1 and 4.9. In each case the effect of treatment was significant. The total net absorption of magnesium caudal to the pylorus was unaffected by treatment. Plasma magnesium levels were reduced during post-ruminal infusion of magnesium, but these changes were not obviously linked to the changed net absorption from the intestinal segments. The urinary and faecal excretion of magnesium, but not the magnesium balance, was strongly related to the total net absorption of magnesium. The results emphasize the major contribution of the stomach to the gastrointestinal net absorption of magnesium and show that although the amount absorbed from this region may influence separately the net absorption from the large and small intestine, it does not appear to influence the overall intestinal net absorption of magnesium.

scholarly journals Localization of amidating enzymes (PAM) in rat gastrointestinal tract.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Martínez ◽  
M A Burrell ◽  
M Kuijk ◽  
L M Montuenga ◽  
A Treston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Amidating Enzymes

We studied the distribution of the two enzymes involved in post-translational C-terminal alpha-amidation of regulatory peptides in rat digestive tract, using immunocytochemical methods and in situ hybridization techniques. The enzymes were located in most of the fibers and neurons of the myenteric and submucous plexus throughout the entire digestive tract and in endocrine cells of the stomach and colon. Staining of reverse-face serial sections demonstrated that the enzymes in endocrine cells of the stomach co-localized with gastrin in the bottom of the gastric glands. Some gastrin-immunoreactive cells near the neck of the gland were negative for PAM, suggesting that amidation takes place only in the more mature cells. In the colon all cells immunoreactive for glucagon and GLP1 were also positive for peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) but not for peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL). The absence of immunoreactivity for the amidating enzymes in endocrine cells of the small intestine, known to produce C-terminally amidated peptides, suggests the existence of other amidating enzymes.

Comparative gross morphology of the digestive tract in ten Didelphidae marsupial species

Mammalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Santori ◽  
D. Astua De Moraes ◽  
Rui Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Marsupial Species

Natural diets of Didelphidae species vary in the amounts of invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates eaten. We investigated the digestive morphology of ten species of didelphid marsupials varying in food habits. The purpose was to describe and to compare the shape and relative size of the digestive tract portions among species studied and relate them to food habits. The form of the gastrointestinal tract in this family is simple, with a unilocular stomach, small intestine, large intestine and caecum.

scholarly journals A review of the physiology of the canine digestive tract related to the development ofin vitrosystems

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Smeets-Peeters ◽  
Tim Watson ◽  
Mans Minekus ◽  
Robert Havenaar
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Different Types

AbstractFood and nutrition studies in animals and human beings often meet with technical difficulties and sometimes with ethical questions. An alternative to research in living animals is the dynamic multicompartmentalin vitromodel for the gastrointestinal tract described by Minekuset al.(1995) and Havenaar & Minekus (1996). The dynamic conditions that are simulated in this model are peristaltic movements, transit times, pH responses, secretion of enzymes and electrolytes and absorption of nutrients and water. To obtain data for anin vitromodel of the dog gastrointestinal tract, the literature was surveyed for physiological responses to different types of dog food. These included: values of enzyme activities, electrolyte concentrations, gastric emptying and intestinal transit times, pH values, secretion and composition of bile and absorption rates in different parts of the dog gastrointestinal tract. The review focuses on research carried out on healthy, adult dogs of 10–20 kg and on parameters related to the oral cavity, stomach and small intestine. This literature research gives sufficient data on the physiology of the canine digestive tract for the development of anin vitrodynamic model that adequately simulates the functions of the stomach and small intestine of the dog.

scholarly journals Expression of the Tas1r3 and Pept1 genes in the digestive tract of wagyu cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 980-985
Author(s):  
Weihong Fan ◽  
Shoichiro Saito ◽  
Shuichi Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Predominant Expression ◽  
Pept1 Mrna

Abstract Animals have precise recognition systems for amino acids and peptides that regulate their feeding behavior as well as metabolic responses. Because of their particular gastrointestinal structure, ruminants are expected to have unique mechanisms of amino acid regulation in the digestive tract. To better understand these mechanisms in the ruminant digestive tract, the expression of Tas1r3 and Pept1 was studied along the gastrointestinal tract of Japanese Black cattle through quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Tas1r3 mRNA was detected ubiquitously along the gastrointestinal tract, and the most predominant expression was observed in the reticulum. In addition, the presence of Tas1r3 receptor was confirmed in the rumen through immunohistochemistry. The expression level of Pept1 mRNA was higher in the forestomach (rumen, reticulum, and omasum) and small intestine (duodenum) than that in the tongue, and predominant expression was observed in the rumen. By contrast, a negligible amount of Pept1 mRNA was detected in the abomasum and large intestine. Further studies on the roles of Tas1r3 and Pept1 in the digestive tract, in particular, in the four components of the stomach, will help us to understand the mechanisms of amino acids regulation in ruminants and provide the basis for formulating cattle diets to improve the health and productivity of cattle.

FATE OF 75Se-SELENOMETHIONINE IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
K. J. JENKINS
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Soluble Part

A total of 30 wethers was used to study the movement of 75Se-selenomethionine in tissues and contents of various sections of the digestive tract after a single oral or intravenous dose of the selenocompound. After intravenous administration, 75Se-selenomethionine was detected in the upper part of the small intestine lumen after 3–5 h and to a lesser extent in the abomasum contents at 24 h. The highest specific activity (cpm/g of fresh tissue) in gastrointestinal tract tissue was found in the upper jejunum at 3 h postdosing. When the labeled selenocompound was given orally, the midjejunum tissue had the highest 75Se specific activity at 24 h. Supernatant and sediment fractions of gastrointestinal tract contents resulting from centrifugation at 30,000 × g were treated with 20% trichloroacetic acid. For both modes of administration, the trichloroacetic acid-soluble portion of the various gastrointestinal tract contents had higher 75Se activity in the supernatant than in the sediment. Up to 24 h, the acid-soluble part of the two centrifugal fractions was much higher for the upper part of the small intestine than for the fore-stomach contents.

Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

CHANGES IN SMALL INTESTINE MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
V. M. Lykhman ◽  
O. M. Shevchenko ◽  
Ye. O. Bilodid ◽  
Igor Vladimirovich Volchenko ◽  
I. A. Kulyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Among urgent surgical diseases of abdominal cavity, an acute intestinal obstruction is the most difficult to be diagnosed and treated. Leading factor, determining the development of pathophysiological processes is considered to be the progressive manifestations of enteric insufficiency syndrome, resulting in intestinal barrier impairment, negative changes in ecology of intestinal flora, increased endotoxins. To identify the small intestine microflora in acute intestinal obstruction and determine the role of dysbiotic disorders in clinical manifestations of main pathological process, a study was conducted in 60 patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction. The small intestine has a relatively rare microflora, consisting mainly of gram−positive facultative aerobic microorganisms, streptococci, lactobacilli. The distal ileum in nearly 30−55 % of healthy people contains scanty microflora, and yet the flora of this area differs from the microbial population of the higher gastrointestinal tract due to higher concentration of gram−negative bacteria. Optional−anaerobic coliform bacilli, anaerobic bifidobacteria and fusobacteria, bacteroids, the number of which starts exceeding the one of gram−positive species, are presented in significant quantities. Distal to the ileocecal valve there are significant changes in the microflora quantitative and species composition. Obligatory anaerobic bacteria become the predominant part of microflora, exceeding the number of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The bacterial flora in different parts of gastrointestinal tract has its own specifics and is quite constant, as a result of the interaction of many factors, regulating the bacterial population in small intestine. The most important among them are: acidity of gastric juice, normal peristaltic activity of the intestine, bacterial interactions and immune mechanisms. Disorders of the intestine motor and evacuation function with its obstruction lead to slow passage of the chyme and contamination of the upper gastrointestinal tract with new types of microbes. There is a syndrome of small intestine excessive colonization, which means an increased concentration of bacterial populations in it, similar in species composition to the colon microflora. Pathological intra−intestinal contents become a source of endogenous infection and re−infection of the patient, leads to internal digestive disorders, which is manifested by syndrome of malabsorption of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Key words: acute intestinal obstruction, small intestinal microflora, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, intestinal biocenosis.

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