scholarly journals DILUTE CAUSTIC AND WATER COMPARISONS AS SOLVENTS IN THE REMOVAL OF ACIDIC GASES FROM COMBUSTION EXHAUST STREAM OF A BOILER.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Acidic Gases ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Data Prediction ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Incomplete Reaction

This work focused on the comparative analyses between the use of dilute caustic with a composition of 1.84% and using water alone (pH=7) that have the potential to remove SO2 completely from the exhaust flue gas of a combustion system and H2S in the incomplete reaction scenario. Two reaction pathways were utilized for the study, the complete combustion pathway as well as the incomplete combustion pathway. ASPEN HYSYS 8.6, a process simulation software, was used to simulate conditions with PENG-ROBINSON utilized as the vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data prediction tool of the software. For the complete combustion pathway, a complete removal of SO2 was achieved using caustic while with the same conditions, utilizing water as solvent achieved a reduction of 90%. For the incomplete combustion pathway, using caustic gave about 53% removal efficiency for H2S while the water only showed a poor 16% increase of H2S. The study recommended the use of the dilute caustic for the following reasons; it gave a better removal percentage than using water alone, the use of the caustic will not contribute to caustic corrosion because of the low composition of the dilute caustic that will be used in the absorber, the choice of the caustic was also observed to be economical. Keywords: Caustic, Absorption, Emission, Simulation, Combustion, Solvents.

DILUTE CAUSTIC AND WATER COMPARISONS AS SOLVENTS IN THE REMOVAL OF ACIDIC GASES FROM COMBUSTION EXHAUST STREAM OF A BOILER.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Acidic Gases ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Data Prediction ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Incomplete Reaction

This work focused on the comparative analyses between the use of dilute caustic with a composition of 1.84% and using water alone (pH=7) that have the potential to remove SO2 completely from the exhaust flue gas of a combustion system and H2S in the incomplete reaction scenario. Two reaction pathways were utilized for the study, the complete combustion pathway as well as the incomplete combustion pathway. ASPEN HYSYS 8.6, a process simulation software, was used to simulate conditions with PENG-ROBINSON utilized as the vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data prediction tool of the software. For the complete combustion pathway, a complete removal of SO2 was achieved using caustic while with the same conditions, utilizing water as solvent achieved a reduction of 90%. For the incomplete combustion pathway, using caustic gave about 53% removal efficiency for H2S while the water only showed a poor 16% increase of H2S. The study recommended the use of the dilute caustic for the following reasons; it gave a better removal percentage than using water alone, the use of the caustic will not contribute to caustic corrosion because of the low composition of the dilute caustic that will be used in the absorber, the choice of the caustic was also observed to be economical. Keywords: Caustic, Absorption, Emission, Simulation, Combustion, Solvents.

scholarly journals Dilute caustic and water comparisons as solvents in the removal of acidic gases from combustion exhaust stream of a boiler

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Acidic Gases ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Data Prediction ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Incomplete Reaction

This work focused on the comparative analyses between the use of dilute caustic with a composition of 1.84% and using water alone (pH=7) that have the potential to remove SO2 completely from the exhaust flue gas of a combustion system and H2S in the incomplete reaction scenario. Two reaction pathways were utilized for the study, the complete combustion pathway as well as the incomplete combustion pathway. ASPEN HYSYS 8.6, a process simulation software, was used to simulate conditions with PENG-ROBINSON utilized as the vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data prediction tool of the software. For the complete combustion pathway, a complete removal of SO2 was achieved using caustic while with the same conditions, utilizing water as solvent achieved a reduction of 90%. For the incomplete combustion pathway, using caustic gave about 53% removal efficiency for H2S while the water only showed a poor 16% increase of H2S. The study recommended the use of the dilute caustic for the following reasons; it gave a better removal percentage than using water alone, the use of the caustic will not contribute to caustic corrosion because of the low composition of the dilute caustic that will be used in the absorber, the choice of the caustic was also observed to be economical. Keywords: Caustic, Absorption, Emission, Simulation, Combustion, Solvents.

GAS AND SATURATION IN A GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Removal ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Data Prediction ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Condensate Reservoir ◽  
Incomplete Reaction ◽  
Removal Of So2

This work focused on the comparative analyses between the use of dilute caustic with a composition of 1.84% and using water alone (pH=7) that have the potential to remove SO2 completely from the exhaust flue gas of a combustion system and H2S in the incomplete reaction scenario. Two reaction pathways were utilized for the study, the complete combustion pathway as well as the incomplete combustion pathway. ASPEN HYSYS 8.6, a process simulation software, was used to simulate conditions with PENG-ROBINSON utilized as the vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data prediction tool of the software. For the complete combustion pathway, a complete removal of SO2 was achieved using caustic while with the same conditions, utilizing water as solvent achieved a reduction of 90%. For the incomplete combustion pathway, using caustic gave about 53% removal efficiency for H2S while the water only showed a poor 16% increase of H2S. The study recommended the use of the dilute caustic for the following reasons; it gave a better removal percentage than using water alone, the use of the caustic will not contribute to caustic corrosion because of the low composition of the dilute caustic that will be used in the absorber, the choice of the caustic was also observed to be economical. Keywords: Caustic, Absorption, Emission, Simulation, Combustion, Solvents.

scholarly journals ABSORBER PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT THROUGH SOLVENT CONCENTRATION CHANGES TO REGULATE EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Concentration Changes

This work highlighted the determination of the best concentration profile for the operation of an absorber with potential to cut down combustion products emissions from the complete combustion reaction scheme of a combustion system waste stream. The proposed solvent concentration had a range of 1.84%-2.20% of caustic entrainment, therefore further increase on the solvent concentration above 2.20% is not feasible. Incremental changes of 0.06% were made to assess the optimal concentration required for best absorber performance. A process simulation software, ASPEN HYSYS 8.6, was utilized to simulate the emissions profile with PENG-ROBINSON as the Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium evaluation tool in the software. The study found the performance of the absorber improved with a corresponding increase in the concentration with 2.20% giving the most efficient removal rate of 61.59%, 26.5% and 85.2% for SO2, CO2 and NO2, respectively. The study recommended that one veritable method of improving the performance of absorber systems is to increase the concentration of the alkali based solvent to cut down on emissions from flue gas systems.

Safety and Efficiency Enhancement in LNG Terminals

2017 ◽  
pp. 1584-1596
Author(s):  
Ravinder Singh ◽  
Helen Huiru Lou
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Liquefaction of natural gas helps in transporting it over long distances by sea vessels. It is then regasified and transported through pipelines to the consumer. Due to large energy density of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and associated flammability issues, the LNG terminal involves high risk. Consequently, safety is an important factor in the operation of LNG terminals. Although a substantial amount of time money and effort has been put in this area, there is always some possibility of improving the process so that less risk is involved. Rapid advancement in process simulation software like Aspen Plus and Aspen HYSYS, has led to the convenience of experimenting the various control methodologies on the computer offline from the actual plant operation, before they are implemented in real time. In this chapter, main hazards associated with LNG terminal operation will be highlighted. Further, recent advancements in research for safety enhancement and efficiency enhancement in the liquefaction and regasification processes will also be included.

scholarly journals Black Carbon - A Silent Contributor to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-246
Author(s):  
Shikha Uniyal Gairola ◽  
Siddharth Shankar Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Work Done

Black carbon is a potent climate-warming component of particulate matter formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil-fuels, wood and other fuels. Complete combustion would turn all the carbon in the fuel into carbon dioxide, but combustion is never complete, and CO2, CO, volatile organic compounds, organic compounds, and black carbon particles are formed in the process. It contributes to warming by converting incoming solar radiation to heat. When deposited on ice and snow, BC and co-emitted particles reduce surface albedo thereby melting the glaciers. The complex mixture of particulate matter resulting from incomplete combustion is referred as soot. When suspended in the atmosphere, black carbon contributes to warming by converting incoming solar radiations to heat. It also influences cloud formation and impacts regional circulation and rainfall pattern. The Artic and the glaciated regions such as Himalayas are particularly vulnerable to melting as a result. The present paper aims to review the work done on black carbon and its mitigation measure.

scholarly journals Emission Rate Estimation of Fuel Oil in A Combustion System Using Empirical Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
N. Harry-Ngei ◽  
I. Ubong ◽  
E. Ojong
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rate ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Oil Flow

This work highlighted the prediction of the emission rates of the products of combustion using a fuel oil of specific gravity of 0.9. The two reaction pathways of complete combustion and incomplete combustion were used differently to ascertain the emission rates. Ultimate analysis were conducted on the fuel oil to show the percentage composition of elements using ASTM 3178 method for carbon and hydrogen, Kjedahl method for nitrogen, ASTM D1552 for sulphur and the differences used to compute that of oxygen. The estimated percentages of the various elements were the stoichiometrically used to compute the emissions rates at standard conditions. The basis of the computation was a fuel oil flow rate of 10Tonnes/h and the following emission rates were predicted for the complete combustion reaction pathway: 31,246Kg/h for CO2, 65Kg/h for H2O, 158Kg/h for NO2 and 20Kg/h for SO2 while 9,940Kg/h for CO2, 15,623Kg/h for CO, 11,700Kg/h for H2O, 11Kg/h for H2S and 158Kg/h for NO2 were predicted for the incomplete combustion pathway. The study noted that this predictive path should be taken where effective devices or logistics are not in place to measure emissions from combustion systems.

scholarly journals DESIGN ADAPTATION OF BATCH CRUDE OIL BOILER FOR CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION OPERATIONS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Princewill Igbagara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Pressures

Purpose: Boilers are some of the most critical equipment in many production process especially in refinery operations, as it is used in generating steam for different applications. Different types of boilers are available commercially and have comparative advantages over one another. The pot or kettle boiler is the foremost of these equipment and consists of an empty vessel with a secure lid and a burner that is the source of heating. Though overtaken in industrial applications by more modern designs, these simple boilers which are often batch process equipment are still useful for small production processes at low pressures. The work here developed design adaptation of these batch boilers for continuous vaporization of crude oil for artesian refining of the oil. Methodology: Physical and assay data of Bonnylight Crude Oil (BLCO) was used for the work from the library of ASPEN Technologies. Simple mathematical models were developed from interpretation of implicit phenomena of the boiler transformation process. The models were validated using ASPEN HYSYS process simulation software Version 10. Findings: Computational results of the models and simulation results gave good convergence except for the heat transfer parameter of the model which had almost 100% of the simulation value. Nevertheless, the models have good predictive capabilities Recommendation: The design adaption models herein developed can be deployed with reasonable accuracy for the heating of crude oil especially for small artesian operations. However, the study space of the subject matter can be expanded for better accuracy and reliability.

Quantitative Process Risk Analysis Based on Dynamic Simulation of Gas Gathering Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 2226-2230
Author(s):  
Jian Min Fu ◽  
Dong Feng Zhao ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Process Risk ◽  
Major Trend

After nearly fifty years of development, HAZOP (Hazard and Operability study /analysis) has become the most widely used process hazard identifications method, basically covering all areas of petrochemical industry. As technology advancing and people continuing to increase safety requirements, HAZOP quantitative analysis has become a major trend. This paper gives an integration of traditional HAZOP procedure with Dynamic Simulation to quantify the HAZOP deviations and improve the operability of action required. A natural gas gathering process is selected to the application example. Uses the advanced process simulation software ASPEN HYSYS to set the modeling of the gas gathering process, and carry out the dynamic modeling in the light of main problems, and combing the dynamic simulation analysis gets the quantitative analysis results.

scholarly journals Tecno economics of LNG regasification terminal in Port Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 023-033
Author(s):  
Ensaf Ali Alzbair ◽  
Ahmad Elhusun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Shell And Tube

The main objective of this research is to select the appropriate regasification technology for Sudan liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal at Portsudan, with a low Operating cost to suit the site climate conditions. Computer simulation software to design and simulate this technology to relize the optimum conditions which can regasify352169Kg/ hr of LNG is used, where this quantity per year is the energy demand of Sudan, was calculated by the Port sudan power station. Standard selection criteria were used to select the most suitable regasification technology. In this regard sea water vaporizer was found to be the best. Aspen HYSYS 10 was used for the simulation to design and determine the vaporizer specifications. Average monthly temperature and humidity data were used to run the simulation. Sea water consumptions in the vaporizer where 79880400 Kg / hr. Design was implemented by using Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating program, where the optimum design of shell and tube evaporators were obtained.

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