scholarly journals Tecno economics of LNG regasification terminal in Port Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 023-033
Author(s):  
Ensaf Ali Alzbair ◽  
Ahmad Elhusun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Shell And Tube

The main objective of this research is to select the appropriate regasification technology for Sudan liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal at Portsudan, with a low Operating cost to suit the site climate conditions. Computer simulation software to design and simulate this technology to relize the optimum conditions which can regasify352169Kg/ hr of LNG is used, where this quantity per year is the energy demand of Sudan, was calculated by the Port sudan power station. Standard selection criteria were used to select the most suitable regasification technology. In this regard sea water vaporizer was found to be the best. Aspen HYSYS 10 was used for the simulation to design and determine the vaporizer specifications. Average monthly temperature and humidity data were used to run the simulation. Sea water consumptions in the vaporizer where 79880400 Kg / hr. Design was implemented by using Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating program, where the optimum design of shell and tube evaporators were obtained.

scholarly journals Energy Demand Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Power System in Bawean Islands, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Ridho Hantoro ◽  
Cahyun Budiono ◽  
Ronald Kipkoech Ketter ◽  
Nyoman Ade Satwika
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Optimum System ◽  
Hybrid Power

Over 70 000 000 people in Indonesia have no access to electricity. This study was carried out in Bawean Islands which are located in the Java Sea about 150 km North of Surabaya, the headquarters of East Java. The study to determine the energy services available in the Bawean Island was done through interviewing a random sample of 72 households in two villages namely Komalasa and Lebak. Based on the average monthly electricity consumption of the sampled households connected to the grid, a hybrid renewable energy based electrical supply system was designed for Gili Timur Island, one of the satellite islands around Bawean Island. The system was designed with the aid of a time step simulation software used to design and analyze hybrid power systems. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out on the optimum system to study the effects of variation in some of the system variables. HOMER suggests that for the expected peak load of 131 kW, an optimum system will consist of 150 kW from PV array, two wind turbines each rated 10 kW, a 75 kW diesel generator and batteries for storage.

scholarly journals Effect of the Heating Rate to Prevent the Generation of Iron Oxides during the Hydrothermal Synthesis of LiFePO4

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2412
Author(s):  
Francisco Ruiz-Jorge ◽  
Almudena Benítez ◽  
M. Belén García-Jarana ◽  
Jezabel Sánchez-Oneto ◽  
Juan R. Portela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Heating Rates

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained much interest in recent years because of the increasing energy demand and the relentless progression of climate change. About 30% of the manufacturing cost for LIBs is spent on cathode materials, and its level of development is lower than the negative electrode, separator diaphragm and electrolyte, therefore becoming the “controlling step”. Numerous cathodic materials have been employed, LiFePO4 being the most relevant one mainly because of its excellent performance, as well as its rated capacity (170 mA·h·g−1) and practical operating voltage (3.5 V vs. Li+/Li). Nevertheless, producing micro and nanoparticles with high purity levels, avoiding the formation of iron oxides, and reducing the operating cost are still some of the aspects still to be improved. In this work, we have applied two heating rates (slow and fast) to the same hydrothermal synthesis process with the main objective of obtaining, without any reducing agents, the purest possible LiFePO4 in the shortest time and with the lowest proportion of magnetite impurities. The reagents initially used were: FeSO4, H3PO4, and LiOH, and a crucial phenomenon has been observed in the temperature range between 130 and 150 °C, being verified with various techniques such as XRD and SEM.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with 3-Fluid Sets using CFD and NTU

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1416-1420
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Good Agreement

Energy generation to the present growing population is a crucial challenge for the power sector. Heat exchangers (HE) plays an important role in the industrial development. In this present work an attempt is made to develop a Shell-and- Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) with segmental baffles using commercial CATIA V5 and Autodesk CFD Simulation Softwares. TEMA standards are considered for design of STHE with baffle-cut of 25%. 3-different sets of fluids are allowed to pass through the shell and tube sides i.e. Methanol - Sea Water (M-S), Distilled Water – Raw Water (D-R) and Kerosene- Crude Oil (K-C). The boundary conditions imposed for analysis are fluid inlet temperatures and velocities. ϵ-NTU is employed for the validation of simulation results and found good agreement between them. Results are plotted for temperature, pressure and velocity contours. The performance of the STHE is shown best for the K-C fluid set among other fluid sets.

Safety and Efficiency Enhancement in LNG Terminals

2017 ◽  
pp. 1584-1596
Author(s):  
Ravinder Singh ◽  
Helen Huiru Lou
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Liquefaction of natural gas helps in transporting it over long distances by sea vessels. It is then regasified and transported through pipelines to the consumer. Due to large energy density of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and associated flammability issues, the LNG terminal involves high risk. Consequently, safety is an important factor in the operation of LNG terminals. Although a substantial amount of time money and effort has been put in this area, there is always some possibility of improving the process so that less risk is involved. Rapid advancement in process simulation software like Aspen Plus and Aspen HYSYS, has led to the convenience of experimenting the various control methodologies on the computer offline from the actual plant operation, before they are implemented in real time. In this chapter, main hazards associated with LNG terminal operation will be highlighted. Further, recent advancements in research for safety enhancement and efficiency enhancement in the liquefaction and regasification processes will also be included.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Different Objectives Functions for the Minimal Fuel Drive Cycle Optimization in Autonomous Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niket Prakash ◽  
Youngki Kim ◽  
Anna G. Stefaopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Minimization ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Controllers ◽  
Resistance Forces

With the advent of self-driving autonomous vehicles, vehicle controllers are free to drive their own velocities. This feature can be exploited to drive an optimal velocity trajectory that minimizes fuel consumption. Two typical approaches to drive cycle optimization are velocity smoothing and tractive energy minimization. The former reduces accelerations and decelerations, and hence, it does not require information of vehicle parameters and resistance forces. On the other hand, the latter reduces tractive energy demand at the wheels of a vehicle. In this work, utilizing an experimentally validated full vehicle simulation software, we show that for conventional gasoline vehicles the lower energy velocity trajectory can consume as much fuel as the velocity smoothing case. This implies that the easily implementable, vehicle agnostic velocity smoothing optimization can be used for velocity optimization rather than the nonlinear tractive energy minimization, which results in a pulse-and-glide trajectory.

Optimum Conditions for the Operation of Airline Aircraft

1953 ◽  
Vol 57 (516) ◽  
pp. 823-824
Author(s):  
J. M. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Direct Operating Cost ◽  
Usual Concept ◽  
Airline Company

In A. H. Stratford's interesting note in the August Journal, he assumes that an airline is presented with an aircraft of given performance, and must decide what is the best range for it to fly. Surely the practical case is the exact opposite: that an operator wishes to carry passengers or freight between two given points, and must choose between perhaps three or four available types of aircraft. Moreover, it is up to the operator to tell the manufacturers which feature he wants improved (e.g. fuel consumption, take-off distance, and so on), when he is ready to order replacements.Secondly, Mr. Stratford wishes to replace the usual concept of direct operating cost per payload ton mile by that of per cent, profit, as a measure of the efficiency of operation over a certain route. While this may be a more realistic approach to the problem of a private airline company, operating over a single route, its merit is not so obvious for the large national or subsidised airlines, which are often required to fly unprofitable routes.

scholarly journals Influence analysis of climate data time-step on the accuracy of HAM simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 02029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Juras ◽  
Daniela Jurasova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Building Simulations ◽  
The University ◽  
Steady Heat

Scientific research in the area of building simulations has a great potential and it is continuously developing and advancing. Computer simulations are helpful in many areas of Civil Engineering, such as energy demand, moisture transport, thermal comfort, ventilation etc. Climate data measured by experimental weather station are analyzed in this article. Weather station is located within the University campus and data recorded with a short are used in a non-steady heat-air-moisture simulation. Climate parameters differences caused by the various averaging periods are shown. This differences are also analyzed in term of outdoor surface temperatures calculated with WUFI Pro simulation software.

scholarly journals A Review of Solar Radiation Models—Part I

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Katiyar ◽  
C. K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
The World

Energy is considered as a key source for the future and plays a pivotal role in its socioeconomic development by raising the standard of living and the quality of life, not only for India but also for the world. In view of the scarce fossil fuel reserves, solar energy is one of the important sources of renewable energy used in India because of the suitable climate conditions. It receives about 5485.17 Wh/m2day of solar insolation with an annual total of about 19, 74, 661.2 Wh/m2. Except for the monsoon months, solar radiation incidence is very encouraging, from the application point of view. For the efficient functioning and better performance of solar energy device, the information of solar radiation and its components at particular location is very essential for designing the solar energy devices. Therefore, over the years, several empirical correlations have been developed in order to estimate the more appropriate solar radiation in India as well as around the world. Here we present a review of different solar radiation models which predict global solar radiation and discussed the long-term plan to meet future energy demand with renewable energy due to economy growth.

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