scholarly journals Selective Viral Transduction of Adult-born Olfactory Neurons for Chronic in vivo Optogenetic Stimulation

10.3791/3380 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lepousez ◽  
Mariana Alonso ◽  
Sebastian Wagner ◽  
Benjamin W. Gallarda ◽  
Pierre-Marie Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Viral Transduction

Implantable neural interfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Vassanelli
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ionic Channels ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Physical Interfaces ◽  
The Brain

Establishing direct communication with the brain through physical interfaces is a fundamental strategy to investigate brain function. Starting with the patch-clamp technique in the seventies, neuroscience has moved from detailed characterization of ionic channels to the analysis of single neurons and, more recently, microcircuits in brain neuronal networks. Development of new biohybrid probes with electrodes for recording and stimulating neurons in the living animal is a natural consequence of this trend. The recent introduction of optogenetic stimulation and advanced high-resolution large-scale electrical recording approaches demonstrates this need. Brain implants for real-time neurophysiology are also opening new avenues for neuroprosthetics to restore brain function after injury or in neurological disorders. This chapter provides an overview on existing and emergent neurophysiology technologies with particular focus on those intended to interface neuronal microcircuits in vivo. Chemical, electrical, and optogenetic-based interfaces are presented, with an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the different technical approaches.

scholarly journals Flexible and stretchable polymer optical fibers for chronic brain and vagus nerve optogenetic stimulations in free-behaving animals

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Cao ◽  
Suwan Pan ◽  
Mengying Yan ◽  
Chongyang Sun ◽  
Jianyu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Polymer Optical Fibers

Abstract Background Although electrical stimulation of the peripheral and central nervous systems has attracted much attention owing to its potential therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric diseases, its non-cell-type-specific activation characteristics may hinder its wide clinical application. Unlike electrical methodologies, optogenetics has more recently been applied as a cell-specific approach for precise modulation of neural functions in vivo, for instance on the vagus nerve. The commonly used implantable optical waveguides are silica optical fibers, which for brain optogenetic stimulation (BOS) are usually fixed on the skull bone. However, due to the huge mismatch of mechanical properties between the stiff optical implants and deformable vagal tissues, vagus nerve optogenetic stimulation (VNOS) in free-behaving animals continues to be a great challenge. Results To resolve this issue, we developed a simplified method for the fabrication of flexible and stretchable polymer optical fibers (POFs), which show significantly improved characteristics for in vivo optogenetic applications, specifically a low Young’s modulus, high stretchability, improved biocompatibility, and long-term stability. We implanted the POFs into the primary motor cortex of C57 mice after the expression of CaMKIIα-ChR2-mCherry detected frequency-dependent neuronal activity and the behavioral changes during light delivery. The viability of POFs as implantable waveguides for VNOS was verified by the increased firing rate of the fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons recorded in the left vagus nerve of VGAT-ChR2 transgenic mice. Furthermore, VNOS was carried out in free-moving rodents via chronically implanted POFs, and an inhibitory influence on the cardiac system and an anxiolytic effect on behaviors was shown. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the use of POFs in chronic optogenetic modulations in both of the central and peripheral nervous systems, providing new information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Opposing Influence of Sensory and Motor Cortical Input on Striatal Circuitry and Choice Behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Lee ◽  
Alex J. Yonk ◽  
Joost Wiskerke ◽  
Kenneth G. Paradiso ◽  
James M. Tepper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Cortical Input ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Main Input ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryThe striatum is the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia and is a key site of sensorimotor integration. While the striatum receives extensive excitatory afferents from the cerebral cortex, the influence of different cortical areas on striatal circuitry and behavior is unknown. Here we find that corticostriatal inputs from whisker-related primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortex differentially innervate projection neurons and interneurons in the dorsal striatum, and exert opposing effects on sensory-guided behavior. Optogenetic stimulation of S1-corticostriatal afferents in ex vivo recordings produced larger postsynaptic potentials in striatal parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons than D1- or D2-expressing spiny projection neurons (SPNs), an effect not observed for M1-corticostriatal afferents. Critically, in vivo optogenetic stimulation of S1-corticostriatal afferents produced task-specific behavioral inhibition, which was bidirectionally modulated by striatal PV interneurons. Optogenetic stimulation of M1 afferents produced the opposite behavioral effect. Thus, our results suggest opposing roles for sensory and motor cortex in behavioral choice via distinct influences on striatal circuitry.

scholarly journals Effects of Tokishakuyakusan on Regeneration of Murine Olfactory Neurons In Vivo and In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Noda ◽  
Hideaki Shiga ◽  
Kentaro Yamada ◽  
Masayuki Harita ◽  
Yukari Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Neurons

scholarly journals Parylene photonics: a flexible, broadband optical waveguide platform with integrated micromirrors for biointerfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay W. Reddy ◽  
Maya Lassiter ◽  
Maysamreza Chamanzar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Parylene C ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Patterned Illumination ◽  
The Brain ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Targeted light delivery into biological tissue is needed in applications such as optogenetic stimulation of the brain and in vivo functional or structural imaging of tissue. These applications require very compact, soft, and flexible implants that minimize damage to the tissue. Here, we demonstrate a novel implantable photonic platform based on a high-density, flexible array of ultracompact (30 μm × 5 μm), low-loss (3.2 dB/cm at λ = 680 nm, 4.1 dB/cm at λ = 633 nm, 4.9 dB/cm at λ = 532 nm, 6.1 dB/cm at λ = 450 nm) optical waveguides composed of biocompatible polymers Parylene C and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This photonic platform features unique embedded input/output micromirrors that redirect light from the waveguides perpendicularly to the surface of the array for localized, patterned illumination in tissue. This architecture enables the design of a fully flexible, compact integrated photonic system for applications such as in vivo chronic optogenetic stimulation of brain activity.

scholarly journals 0074 Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla Promote REM Sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A30-A30
Author(s):  
J Stucynski ◽  
A Schott ◽  
J Baik ◽  
J Hong ◽  
F Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Introduction The neural circuits controlling rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and in particular the role of the medulla in regulating this brain state, remains an active area of study. Previous electrophysiological recordings in the dorsomedial medulla (DM) and electrical stimulation experiments suggested an important role of this area in the control of REM sleep. However the identity of the involved neurons and their precise role in REM sleep regulation are still unclear. Methods The properties of DM GAD2 neurons in mice were investigated through stereotaxic injection of CRE-dependent viruses in conjunction with implantation of electrodes for electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings and optic fibers. Experiments included in vivo calcium imaging (fiber photometry) across sleep and wake states, optogenetic stimulation of cell bodies, chemogenetic excitation and suppression (DREADDs), and connectivity mapping using viral tracing and optogenetics. Results Imaging the calcium activity of DM GAD2 neurons in vivo indicates that these neurons are most active during REM sleep. Optogenetic stimulation of DM GAD2 neurons reliably triggered transitions into REM sleep from NREM sleep. Consistent with this, chemogenetic activation of DM GAD2 neurons increased the amount of REM sleep while inhibition suppressed its occurrence and enhanced NREM sleep. Anatomical tracing revealed that DM GAD2 neurons project to several areas involved in sleep / wake regulation including the wake-promoting locus coeruleus (LC) and the REM sleep-suppressing ventrolateral periaquaductal gray (vlPAG). Optogenetic activation of axonal projections from DM to LC, and DM to vlPAG was sufficient to induce REM sleep. Conclusion These experiments demonstrate that DM inhibitory neurons expressing GAD2 powerfully promote initiation of REM sleep in mice. These findings further characterize the dorsomedial medulla as a critical structure involved in REM sleep regulation and inform future investigations of the REM sleep circuitry. Support R01 HL149133

scholarly journals Dual Transgene Expression in Murine Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons by Viral Transduction In Vivo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e104062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie K. Bosch ◽  
Jeanne M. Nerbonne ◽  
David M. Ornitz
Keyword(s):  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Purkinje Neurons ◽  
Viral Transduction ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons

scholarly journals Environmental CO2 inhibits Caenorhabditis elegans egg-laying by modulating olfactory neurons and evokes widespread changes in neural activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (27) ◽  
pp. E3525-E3534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz A. Fenk ◽  
Mario de Bono
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Sensory Cue ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Endings ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gradients are ubiquitous and provide animals with information about their environment, such as the potential presence of prey or predators. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans avoids elevated CO2, and previous work identified three neuron pairs called “BAG,” “AFD,” and “ASE” that respond to CO2 stimuli. Using in vivo Ca2+ imaging and behavioral analysis, we show that C. elegans can detect CO2 independently of these sensory pathways. Many of the C. elegans sensory neurons we examined, including the AWC olfactory neurons, the ASJ and ASK gustatory neurons, and the ASH and ADL nociceptors, respond to a rise in CO2 with a rise in Ca2+. In contrast, glial sheath cells harboring the sensory endings of C. elegans’ major chemosensory neurons exhibit strong and sustained decreases in Ca2+ in response to high CO2. Some of these CO2 responses appear to be cell intrinsic. Worms therefore may couple detection of CO2 to that of other cues at the earliest stages of sensory processing. We show that C. elegans persistently suppresses oviposition at high CO2. Hermaphrodite-specific neurons (HSNs), the executive neurons driving egg-laying, are tonically inhibited when CO2 is elevated. CO2 modulates the egg-laying system partly through the AWC olfactory neurons: High CO2 tonically activates AWC by a cGMP-dependent mechanism, and AWC output inhibits the HSNs. Our work shows that CO2 is a more complex sensory cue for C. elegans than previously thought, both in terms of behavior and neural circuitry.

scholarly journals Patterned Optogenetic Modulation of Neurovascular and Metabolic Signals

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Richner ◽  
Ryan Baumgartner ◽  
Sarah K Brodnick ◽  
Mehdi Azimipour ◽  
Lisa A Krugner-Higby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurometabolic Coupling

The hemodynamic and metabolic response of the cortex depends spatially and temporally on the activity of multiple cell types. Optogenetics enables specific cell types to be modulated with high temporal precision and is therefore an emerging method for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling. Going beyond temporal investigations, we developed a microprojection system to apply spatial photostimulus patterns in vivo. We monitored vascular and metabolic fluorescence signals after photostimulation in Thy1-channelrhodopsin-2 mice. Cerebral arteries increased in diameter rapidly after photostimulation, while nearby veins showed a slower smaller response. The amplitude of the arterial response was depended on the area of cortex stimulated. The fluorescence signal emitted at 450/100 nm and excited with ultraviolet is indicative of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an endogenous fluorescent enzyme involved in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. This fluorescence signal decreased quickly and transiently after optogenetic stimulation, suggesting that glucose metabolism is tightly locked to optogenetic stimulation. To verify optogenetic stimulation of the cortex, we used a transparent substrate microelectrode array to map cortical potentials resulting from optogenetic stimulation. Spatial optogenetic stimulation is a new tool for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document