scholarly journals Vertebral Anatomic Variations in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Trinidad

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Reda Mohamed

Reports of the occurrence of lumbar vertebrae variants in horses in Trinidad are rare in the literatures. Parts of the skeletons of two horses of unknown age and sex that died in a horse farm in Trinidad and Tobago were brought to the Anatomy laboratory. It was reported that specimens of fused left transverse processes of the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebrae and a blunted left transverse process of the 6th lumbar vertebra in thoroughbred racehorses in Trinidad.

Author(s):  
Juhi V. Patel ◽  
Chetan M. Mehta ◽  
Nandakishore G. Patil ◽  
Shreya R. Sehgal

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sacralization of L5 is a congenital anomaly, in which the lumbar vertebra, mainly its transverse process, gets fused or semi-fused with the sacrum or the ilium or to both. This fusion can occur in one or both sides of the body. Sacralization leads to fusion of the L5 (fifth lumbar vertebra) and S1 (first sacral vertebra) and the inter-vertebral disc between them may be narrow. Sacralization of lumbar vertebra may be asymptomatic but is not always clinically insignificant. While sacralization may not affect at all, it can cause problems in some cases. Sacralization may be at times associated with problems in biomechanics and affect the ways of movement and posture control. Sacralization may also be an important consideration in disc surgeries. This study has been carried out to find out prevalence of sacralisation of transverse process of fifth lumbar vertebrae<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study of transverse sacralisation of fifth lumbar vertebra was carried out on 35 randomly selected patients. The sample consisted of patients undergoing CT scan for abdominal complains. Bone window of all patients were evaluated to look for lumbosacral transitional vertebra.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of transverse sacralization of lumbar vertebra turned out to be 25.7% out of which Castellvi type IIb was found to be most common, accounting for 33.3% cases. 5.7% comprised the group of normal variant (Castellvi’s type I) and 68.6% were normal<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span>It is important to determine lumbosacral transitional vertebra as it can affect spinal movement and put excess stress on the lumbar vertebrae and in between disc. Moreover it</span> can have a bearing on counting of vertebral levels specially during planning of spinal surgey<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
D. Mahanta ◽  
S. Tamilselvan ◽  
M. Mrigesh ◽  
...  

The present study was carried out on the lumbar vertebrae of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. Biometrical observations on different parameters of lumbar vertebrae reflected significance (P Less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species. It was confirmed that the average length of body gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae in the Blue bull. The average transverse diameter or width of vertebral canal and average vertical diameter or height of the vertebral canal was largest in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average length of transverse process gradually increased from fourth to fifth lumbar vertebra and then it suddenly decreased in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average height of the dorsal supraspinous process gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae and it was lowest in the sixth one. The data on the biometry of fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae of Blue bull would develop a baseline that could be useful to the wild life Veterinarians in identification and solving vetero-legal cases.


1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115-1115
Author(s):  
I. Tsimkhes

B. Hubrich (Zentralbl. F. Chir. 1929, No. 33) observed 2 cases of primary acute purulent osteomyelitis: in one case of the left transverse process and part of the body of the IV lumbar vertebra; in another case, partial damage to the body of the V lumbar vertebra was observed.


1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Harkins ◽  
S. G. Kamerling ◽  
G. Church

The effect of competition and the influence of age and sex on performance were examined in a study of 18 Thoroughbred racehorses. The horses performed two solo and two competitive runs at 1,200 and 1,600 m for a total of eight runs. No group ran faster during competition, which may have been a reflection of the quality of horses used for this study and their susceptibility to stress-induced impairment of performance. Males showed no significant difference between competitive and solo run times, whereas females were consistently slower during competition. Males ran significantly faster than females in all runs. There was no difference in run times due to age, which may have been due to the high mean age (5.9 yr) of the group. The slower competitive run times may have occurred because of an earlier onset of fatigue when compared with solo runs. Plasma lactate was significantly greater for the 1,200-m competitive than for the solo runs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii39-ii39
Author(s):  
Ako Matsuhashi ◽  
Shota Tanaka ◽  
Masashi Nomura ◽  
Masako Ikemura ◽  
Yu Sakai ◽  
...  

Abstract BACKGROUND Most cases of glioblastoma recur within one year even under the standard treatment of surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. 60–70% of recurrences are local, and in rare cases of metastasis, most are within the CNS. Extradural metastasis is considered exceedingly rare. CASE REPORT We present a 21-year-old man post total resection of right parietal lobe glioblastoma, diagnosed with lumber metastasis. He originally presented with impaired consciousness and left hemiplegia at the age of 20 and underwent gross total resection of the tumor. Pathology was IDH wild type, H3F3A K34R/V wild-type glioblastoma. Radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide per the Stupp regimen as well as infusion of bevacizumab were conducted. 6 months after the resection of tumor, the patient presented with severe back pain. Radiographic studies showed an osteolytic mass on the first lumbar vertebrae, and needle biopsy was consistent with glioblastoma. Posterior spinal fusion, internal decompression and radiotherapy were conducted to relieve the pain. At 3 months after the diagnosis of lumbar metastasis, he is currently treated with temozolomide and bevacizumab, without the enlarging of the tumor. DISCUSSION As far as we investigated, there has been 30 cases of vertebral metastasis of glioblastoma reported in literature. Considering the biological obstacles that prevent glioblastomas from infiltrating outside of the CNS, it can be speculated that deposition of tumor cells into the blood stream or excision of the dura due to surgical interventions may attribute to extracranial metastasis. Due to the improvement of overall survival of glioblastoma, vertebral metastasis is suspected to be more common. Therefore, investigation of its risk factors and standardization of its treatment is necessary. CONCLUSION We reported a case of lumbar metastasis of glioblastoma. Extradural metastasis of glioblastoma must be included in differential diagnoses in treating patients with glioblastoma.


2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kottlors ◽  
Franz Xaver Glocker

Object Variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae occurs in a small portion of the population. Either the fifth lumbar vertebra shows assimilation to the sacrum or the first sacral vertebra shows a lumbar configuration, resulting in 4 or 6 lumbar vertebrae, respectively. Etiologically, lumbar nerve root syndrome is diagnosed by comparing the anatomical level of the disc herniation to the compressed nerve root and to the pattern of the peripheral sensory and motor deficit. In case of a variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae, defining the lumbar nerve roots becomes difficult. Variations in the number of lumbar vertebrae make the landmarks (the twelfth rib and the first sacral vertebra) unreliable clues to define the nerve roots. The allocation of the clinically damaged segment to the spinal disorder seen in imaging studies is essential for differential diagnosis and spine surgery. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging data among inpatients over a period of 21 months. Eight patients who had isolated monosegmental discogenic nerve root compression and a variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae were selected. Results Seven patients presented with 6 lumbar vertebrae, and 1 patient presented with 4 lumbar vertebrae and disc herniation on 1 of the 2 caudal levels. Compression of the second-to-last nerve root in patients with 6 lumbar vertebrae resulted either in clinical L-5 or S-1 syndrome, or a combination of both. Compression of the last caudal nerve root resulted in a clinical S-1 nerve root syndrome. Conclusions The findings suggest that the dermatomyotomal supply of the lumbosacral nerve roots can vary in patients with a variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae, and a meticulous clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological examination is essential.


2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. ONS454-ONS455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kene T. Ugokwe ◽  
Tsu-Lee Chen ◽  
Eric Klineberg ◽  
Michael P. Steinmetz

Abstract Objective: This article aims to provide more insight into the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Bertolotti's syndrome, which is a rare spinal disorder that is very difficult to recognize and diagnose correctly. The syndrome was first described by Bertolotti in 1917 and affects approximately 4 to 8% of the population. It is characterized by an enlarged transverse process at the most caudal lumbar vertebra with a pseudoarticulation of the transverse process and the sacral ala. It tends to present with low back pain and may be confused with facet and sacroiliac joint disease. Methods: In this case report, we describe a 40-year-old man who presented with low back pain and was eventually diagnosed with Bertolotti's syndrome. The correct diagnosis was made based on imaging studies which included computed tomographic scans, plain x-rays, and magnetic resonance imaging scans. The patient experienced temporary relief when the abnormal pseudoarticulation was injected with a cocktail consisting of lidocaine and steroids. In order to minimize the trauma associated with surgical treatment, a minimally invasive approach was chosen to resect the anomalous transverse process with the accompanying pseudoarticulation. Results: The patient did well postoperatively and had 97% resolution of his pain at 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: As with conventional surgical approaches, a complete knowledge of anatomy is required for minimally invasive spine surgery. This case is an example of the expanding utility of minimally invasive approaches in treating spinal disorders.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiro Tofuku ◽  
Hiroaki Koga ◽  
Kazunori Yone ◽  
Setsuro Komiya

A 35-year-old man was struck by a car on his right side and presented with paraparesis of both lower extremities. Radiographic examination revealed multiple transverse process fractures and anterior displacement of L5 on S1. Computed tomography revealed a bilateral anterior facet dislocation of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the sacrum. MRI showed rupture of the posterior ligamentous complex. A posterior lumbar interbody fusion using two intersomatic cages and pedicle screw instrumentation and posterior fusion were performed. Although no major disc lesion was found at the level of L5-S1 on preoperative MRI, a severely collapsed L5-S1 disc was found intraoperatively. Two years after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic with normal neurological findings, and has resumed normal activity. We believe that lumbosacral dislocation can be considered a three-column injury with an L5-S1 disc lesion, and, therefore, requires a solid circumferential segmental arthrodesis to improve fusion rate.


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