AN EVALUATION OF AIRPORT WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE ON SENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR AND SAFETY OF AIRPORT ROAD ACCESS DESIGN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different wayfinding provision on senior driving behaviour and road safety. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road. Wayfinding complexity varied due to differing levels of road-side furniture. Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that age group has a correlation between road design complexity, driving behaviour and driving errors.

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THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT ROAD WAYFINDING ONSENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR

Journal of Technology and Operations Management ◽

10.32890/jtom2017.12.2.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (Number 2) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽

Rohafiz Sabar ◽

Romano Pagliari ◽

Richard Moxon

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Driver Behaviour ◽

Road Design ◽

Driver Performance ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact ◽

Car Driving

The purpose of this study was to measure the impacts of airport road access design and wayfinding systems on senior driver performances. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road (i.e. approximately 4 minutes driving to complete each scenario). Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA results showed that in comparison of senior drivers’ age group, there is a low impact between driving behaviour and road safety on airport road access wayfinding design.

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Senior Driver Performance on Airport Road Access Wayfinding Design

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2019.8545 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 4937-4942

Author(s):

Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽

Rohafiz Sabar ◽

Mazli Mutazam

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Driving Behavior ◽

Age Group ◽

Traffic Light ◽

Simulated Driving ◽

The Road ◽

Road Design ◽

Driver Performance ◽

Study Participants

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wayfinding and signage provisions, sensitivity of senior driving behavior and road safety. Three scenario types were designed using driving simulator to simplify the airport navigation and driving complexity of the road designs to the airport. An assorted road furniture was included on alternative airport road access to provide a variety of wayfinding complexity. Fifteen experience car drivers in range of age 50–54, 55–59 and over 60 years were selected to perform the study. Participants were asked to drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The types of errors (parameter) of simulated driving were identified, evaluated and compared to the age group. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and discussed with reference to the use of driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that senior drivers’ age group have no significant effect on the airport road design, wayfinding and all research parameters; risk of collisions, exceed the speed limit, traffic light tickets, centerline crossings and road edge excursions.

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Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

Sveikatos mokslai ◽

10.5200/sm-hs.2016.065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽

Robert Bauer ◽

Sigitas Griškonis ◽

Vaiva Strukčinskaitė

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Young People ◽

Road Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Road Users ◽

The Impact

The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

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Car Driving Behaviour Observation Using an Immersive Car Driving Simulator

2010 International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing ◽

10.1109/3pgcic.2010.68 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshisuke Tateyama ◽

Yukihiro Mori ◽

Keiichi Yamamoto ◽

Tetsuro Ogi ◽

Hidekazu Nishimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Driving Simulator ◽

Driving Behaviour ◽

Car Driving

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A Bayesian Regression Analysis of the Effects of Alert Presence and Scenario Criticality on Automated Vehicle Takeover Performance

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/00187208211010004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001872082110100

Author(s):

Hananeh Alambeigi ◽

Anthony D. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Driving Simulator ◽

Bayesian Regression ◽

Minimum Time ◽

Time To Collision ◽

Automated Vehicle ◽

Driver Performance ◽

Average Impact ◽

Fail Safe ◽

The Impact ◽

System Designs

Objective This study investigates the impact of silent and alerted failures on driver performance across two levels of scenario criticality during automated vehicle transitions of control. Background Recent analyses of automated vehicle crashes show that many crashes occur after a transition of control or a silent automation failure. A substantial amount of research has been dedicated to investigating the impact of various factors on drivers’ responses, but silent failures and their interactions with scenario criticality are understudied. Method A driving simulator study was conducted comparing scenario criticality, alert presence, and two driving scenarios. Bayesian regression models and Fisher’s exact tests were used to investigate the impact of alert and scenario criticality on takeover performance. Results The results show that silent failures increase takeover times and the intensity of posttakeover maximum accelerations and decrease the posttakeover minimum time-to-collision. While the predicted average impact of silent failures on takeover time was practically low, the effects on minimum time-to-collision and maximum accelerations were safety-significant. The analysis of posttakeover control interaction effects shows that the effect of alert presence differs by the scenario criticality Conclusion Although the impact of the absence of an alert on takeover performance was less than that of scenario criticality, silent failures seem to play a substantial role—by leading to an unsafe maneuver—in critical automated vehicle takeovers. Application Understanding the implications of silent failure on driver’s takeover performance can benefit the assessment of automated vehicles’ safety and provide guidance for fail-safe system designs.

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Modeling Urban Road Scenarios to Evaluate Intersection Visibility

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14010354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 354

Author(s):

Keila González-Gómez ◽

Derrick K. Rollins ◽

María Castro

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Sustainable Mobility ◽

Urban Road ◽

Road Design ◽

Sight Distance ◽

Technological Advances ◽

The Impact

Road safety is key to sustainable mobility. Rapid technological advances have allowed several road safety-related analyses, previously performed in situ, to be conducted virtually. These virtual analyses benefit understanding of how roads operate and how users perceive them. Additionally, they facilitate the assessment of several parameters that are fundamental to road design and operation. The available sight distance (ASD) is one of these parameters that, if not provided adequately, could alter the proper functioning of roads. This study presents a framework to assess the impact of certain features on visibility. First, the ASD is estimated using a geographic information system (GIS)-based procedure with LiDAR-derived three-dimensional (3D) models. Afterward, obstructions are detected and categorized. If the obstruction cannot be removed, their redesign or relocation is simulated to re-run the analysis. These simulations are performed using 3D city objects, and their results are statistically evaluated, providing evidence as to their effects on visibility. The results proved that the procedure helped achieve the efficient use of roadside space, while including safety concerns. Additionally, this study reflects the need for more inspections on the impact of on-street parking on drivers’ fields of view.

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Report on validation of the stochastic traffic simulation (Part A)

10.26128/2021.242 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madlen Ringhand ◽

◽

Maximilian Bäumler ◽

Christian Siebke ◽

Marcus Mai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Human Subject ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Traffic Simulation ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Driver Behaviour ◽

Automotive Engineering ◽

Driving Behaviour ◽

Simulator Study ◽

Behaviour Models

This document is intended to give an overview of the human subject study in a driving simulator that was conducted by the Chair of Traffic and Transportation Psychology (Verkehrspsychologie – VPSY) of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) to provide the Chair of Automotive Engineering (Lehrstuhl Kraftfahrzeugtechnik – LKT) of TUD with the necessary input for the validation of a stochastic traffic simulation, especially for the parameterization, consolidation, and validation of driver behaviour models. VPSY planned, conducted, and analysed a driving simulator study. The main purpose of the study was to analyse driving behaviour and gaze data at intersections in urban areas. Based on relevant literature, a simulated driving environment was created, in which a sample of drivers passed a variety of intersections. Considering different driver states, driving tasks, and traffic situations, the collected data provide detailed information about human gaze and driving behaviour when approaching and crossing intersections. The collected data was transferred to LKT for the development of the stochastic traffic simulation.

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Effects of Warning Characteristics on Driver Performance in Connected Vehicle Systems with Missing Warnings

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931218621415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 1827-1827

Author(s):

Yiqi Zhang ◽

Changxu Wu ◽

Chunming Qiao ◽

Yunfei Hou

Keyword(s):

Lead Time ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Connected Vehicle ◽

Warning Systems ◽

Collision Rate ◽

Driver Performance ◽

Vehicle Systems ◽

The Impact

The connected vehicle systems (CVS) aim to provide drivers with information in a timely and reliable way to improve transportation safety. With the emerging wireless communication technologies, the vehicles will be equipped with the ability to communicate with each other about the surrounding traffic situations by exchanging vehicle status and motion data via Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) network (Kenney, 2011). With the assistance of the cooperative collision warnings, the impact of designed warning parameters on driver performance is increasingly important. Existing empirical studies have studied the warning timing and warning reliability in determining the effectiveness of the collision warning systems in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In terms of warning timing, the studies in reached consistent conclusions that early warnings induced more timely braking and longer braking process, resulted in higher trust of the warning systems, and reduced collision rates (for example, Abe & Richardson, 2006a; Lee, McGehee, Brown, & Reyes, 2002; Yan, Xue, Ma, & Xu, 2014; Yan, Zhang, & Ma, 2015; Wan, Wu, and Zhang, 2016). In terms of the warning reliability, research has shown that warnings with a higher reliability increased driver’s trust of the warning systems, led to higher frequency in warning responses, and reduced crash rates (for example, Abe, Itoh, & Yamamura, 2009; Bliss & Acton, 2003; Maltz & Shinar, 2007; Sullivan, Tsimhoni, & Bogard, 2008). However, the interaction effects of warning lead time and warning reliability on driver performance was not examined especially under the connected vehicle settings. The current research investigated the interaction effects of warning lead time (2.5s vs. 4.5s), warning reliability (73% vs. 89%), and speech warning style (command vs. notification) on driver performance and subjective evaluation of warnings in CVS. A driving simulator study with thirty-two participants was conducted to simulate a connected vehicle environment with missing warnings due to the failures in the data transmission within the communication network of the CVS. The results showed command warnings led to a smaller collision rate compared to notification warnings with the warning lead time of 2.5s, whereas notification warnings resulted in a smaller collision rate compared to command warning with the warning lead time of 4.5s. These results suggested notification warnings should be selected when warning lead time is longer and warning reliability is higher, which resulted in higher safety benefits and higher subjective ratings. Command warnings could be selected when warning lead time is shorter since they led to more safety benefits. However, such selection has to be made with caution since command warnings may limit drivers’ response type and were perceived as less helpful than notification warnings.

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The Impact of Situational Complexity and Familiarity on Takeover Quality in Uncritical Highly Automated Driving Scenarios

Information ◽

10.3390/info11020115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marlene Susanne Lisa Scharfe ◽

Kathrin Zeeb ◽

Nele Russwinkel

Keyword(s):

Driving Simulator ◽

Intelligent Vehicles ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Strong Focus ◽

Cognitive Assistance ◽

The Subject ◽

Perceived Complexity ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact ◽

Highly Automated Driving

In the development of highly automated driving systems (L3 and 4), much research has been done on the subject of driver takeover. Strong focus has been placed on the takeover quality. Previous research has shown that one of the main influencing factors is the complexity of a traffic situation that has not been sufficiently addressed so far, as different approaches towards complexity exist. This paper differentiates between the objective complexity and the subjectively perceived complexity. In addition, the familiarity with a takeover situation is examined. Gold et al. show that repetition of takeover scenarios strongly influences the take-over performance. Yet, both complexity and familiarity have not been considered at the same time. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the impact of objective complexity and familiarity on the subjectively perceived complexity and the resulting takeover quality. In a driving simulator study, participants are requested to take over vehicle control in an uncritical situation. Familiarity and objective complexity are varied by the number of surrounding vehicles and scenario repetitions. Subjective complexity is measured using the NASA-TLX; the takeover quality is gathered using the take-over controllability rating (TOC-Rating). The statistical evaluation results show that the parameters significantly influence the takeover quality. This is an important finding for the design of cognitive assistance systems for future highly automated and intelligent vehicles.

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