scholarly journals El teatral regreso de Celestina a Italia y las políticas culturales fascistas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-374
Author(s):  
MARÍA BASTIANES
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Second World ◽  
Satisfactory Manner

The return of Celestina to Italian publishing houses during the Second World War has been examined in a series of recent research publications. These studies have not, unfortunately, described in a satisfactory manner the reasons underpinning this interest in a foreign piece; nor have they explained how it came to be one of the most regularly performed Spanish classic texts in twentieth-century Italy. The aim of this article is to settle this critical deficit, taking into account the political, cultural and theatrical contexts which enabled said return. Seen from this broader perspective, the reappearance of Celestina offers testimony to the cultural relationships between Spain and Italy in times of fascism, along with providing ways of approaching and appropriating a morally challenging text. Celestina, I argue, is a particularly revealing case study for understanding the role of classics in the construction of European identity throughout the twentieth century.

The Etappe Kanaren: A case study of the secret supply of the German Navy in Spain during the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Díaz Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
German Navy ◽  
Second World

The secret supply of the German Navy during the Second World War has scarcely been studied until now. The goal of this article is to study one of the more active supply areas of the Etappendienst at the beginning of the war, the one known as Etappe Kanaren, as part of the Grossetappe Spanien-Portugal. In this research primary sources from German Naval War Command have been consulted. Among the main conclusions, it should be pointed out, on the one hand, the intense activity to support the Kriegsmarine during the first years of the war, despite the distance from mainland Spain and the British pressure, which finally stopped the supply operations. On the other hand, we have confirmed the active role of the Spanish government in relation to the Etappendienst: Spanish authorities allowed the supply operations, but pressure from the Allies forced the Spanish government to impede these activities.

scholarly journals German Expellee Organizations between “Homeland” and “At Home”: A Case Study of the Politics of Belonging

Refuge ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Organizations ◽  
Ethnic Germans ◽  
Second World

Since the expulsion of more than ten million ethnic Germans from Central and Eastern Europe after the end of the Second World War, the political and cultural organizations of the expellees have advocated the interests of this segment of the Federal Republic’s population. The article examines the various ways in which activists in the expellee organizations have used the ambiguity of homeland and belonging in the political process in Germany and increasingly in Europe to further a political agenda that, while it has undergone major changes, remains deeply problematic in some of its objectives and many of its implications.

Diaries Real and Fictional in Twentieth-Century French Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Andre Gide ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Diary Writing ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

This is the first study of the diary in French writing across the twentieth century, as a genre including both fictional and non-fictional works. From the 1880s it became apparent to writers in France that their diaries (or journaux intimes) – a supposedly private form of writing – would probably come to be published, strongly affecting the way their readers viewed their other published works, and their very persona as an author. More than any other, André Gide embraced the literary potential of the diary: the first part of this book follows his experimentation with the diary in the fictional works Les Cahiers d’André Walter (1891) and Paludes (1895), in his diary of the composition of his great novel, Le Journal des faux-monnayeurs (1926), and in his monumental Journal 1889–1939 (1939). The second part follows developments in diary-writing after the Second World War, inflected by radical changes in attitudes towards the writing subject. Raymond Queneau’s works published under the pseudonym of Sally Mara (1947–1962) used the diary playfully at a time when the writing subject was condemned by the literary avant-garde. Roland Barthes’s experiments with the diary (1977–1979) took it to the extremes of its formal possibilities, at the point of a return of the writing subject. Annie Ernaux’s published diaries (1993–2011) demonstrate the role of the diary in the modern field of life-writing, especially in comparison with autobiography. Throughout the century, the diary has repeatedly been used to construct an œuvre and author, but also to call these fundamental literary concepts into question.

scholarly journals HANS FRANK E L’ISTITUZIONALIZZAZIONE DI UN REGIME

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Vitti
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
General Government ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Heinrich Himmler ◽  
Second World

At the end of September 1939 Polish Campaign opened the Second World War and Germans took control of their portion of territory, according to the German-Soviet agrements of August-September 1939, giving it a juridical, institutional and socialeconomic structure subject to the Reich, with specific functions and aims, as the reorganization of the administrative system through the institution of the General Government of Poland. Nevertheless, every historiographical reflection cannot be separated from the survey of Governor Hans Frank’s role. His position was in fact relevant owing to his cultural and professional education, his loyalty to Hitler, his personal uncertainties, his role of First Reich’s Jurist and private Hitler’s lawyer, before becoming Governor of Poland. The need of a management of Poland with SS caused frictions and jurisdiction conflicts, both at the political-institutional and on a personal level with some of the main responsible officials on behalf of Heinrich Himmler. The analisys of these atypical territorial entity through an approach which was technically correct before humanitarian is basic to understand inner workings and to try to produce a framework of the system as complete as possible about the administration of these sui generis “State”.

My Journey

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-136
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
School System ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Second World

This chapter concerns the larger political, social, and religious setting in which Vera Vasilevskaia and Elena Men lived. It provides a more intimate picture of the political and social framework of the early twentieth century and later Stalinist times in which the descriptions and analyses are intensely personal and evocative. It also illustrates the school system in late tsarist Russia and educational practices, their classmates, and their teachers in the 1920s that had a lifelong influence. The writings of Vera and Elena are transparent about their struggles, presenting a first-hand view of family life, society, and religious quest in Russia during the revolutionary years, the 1920s, the Second World War, and the late 1940s. The chapter notes how Vera and Elena wrote for the “desk drawer” with the intention of keeping a personal record of their experiences with catacomb priests and the community.

National minorities of Ukraine in the political processes of the XX-XXI centuries: state and problems of research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kochan ◽  
Vitalii Kotsur ◽  
Lesya Kovach ◽  
Yurii Nikolaets ◽  
Oleg Kalakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The book presents the results of research on the experience of formation, trends, problems and current challenges of scientific knowledge about the place and role of national minorities of Ukraine in the political processes of XX – XXI centuries, namely: a) early XX century, b) during the First World War, Ukrainian revolution and state formation, c) in the interwar period, d) during the Second World War, e) in the Ukrainian SSR 1945-1990, e) in modern Ukraine. The publication is designed for researches, lectures and graduate students.

H. N. Brailsford and Russia: The Problem of Objectivity

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Daily News ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Second World

In a journalistic career which spanned seven decades, Henry Noel Brailsford devoted a considerable part of his writing to Russian affairs and to the relations of the British and Russian peoples. In scores of articles and in two books based on first-hand observations, he helped to mold Western attitudes — especially of those on the political Left — to the often maligned, frequently enigmatic giant of the East. Few English journalists in the twentieth century could match the knowledge, personal contacts, and audience of a man who published several articles a week from the late 1890s to the early 1950s for a host of papers, including, to name the most important, the Manchester Guardian, the Speaker, the Daily News, the Nation, the Herald, the New Republic, the New Leader, Reynolds News, and the New Statesman. While Brailsford's field of competence encompassed the whole range of international and imperial affairs, he was preoccupied with the Balkans, with Russia, and with India, and of these only Russia commanded his attention throughout his life. The Balkan question belongs to the years before World War I, India to the 1930s and 1940s, but Russia remained of consuming interest from the revolution of 1905 until after the Second World War.

scholarly journals HANS FRANK E L’ISTITUZIONALIZZAZIONE DI UN REGIME

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Vitti
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
General Government ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Heinrich Himmler ◽  
Second World

At the end of September 1939 Polish Campaign opened the Second World War and Germans took control of their portion of territory, according to the German-Soviet agrements of August-September 1939, giving it a juridical, institutional and socialeconomic structure subject to the Reich, with specific functions and aims, as the reorganization of the administrative system through the institution of the General Government of Poland. Nevertheless, every historiographical reflection cannot be separated from the survey of Governor Hans Frank’s role. His position was in fact relevant owing to his cultural and professional education, his loyalty to Hitler, his personal uncertainties, his role of First Reich’s Jurist and private Hitler’s lawyer, before becoming Governor of Poland. The need of a management of Poland with SS caused frictions and jurisdiction conflicts, both at the political-institutional and on a personal level with some of the main responsible officials on behalf of Heinrich Himmler. The analisys of these atypical territorial entity through an approach which was technically correct before humanitarian is basic to understand inner workings and to try to produce a framework of the system as complete as possible about the administration of these sui generis “State”.

scholarly journals Living in the Age of Axis Internationalism: Imagining Europe in Serbia Before and During the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Antić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Second World

This article explores how ‘European civilization’ was imagined on the margins of Europe in the first half of the twentieth century, and how Balkan intellectuals saw their own societies’ place in it in the context of interwar crises and World War II occupation. It traces the interwar development and wartime transformation of the intellectual debates regarding the modernization of Serbia/Yugoslavia, the role of the Balkans in the broader European culture, and the most appropriate path to becoming a member of the ‘European family of nations’. In the first half of the article, I focus on the interwar Serbian intelligentsia, and their discussions of various forms of international cultural, political and civilizational links and settings. These discussions centrally addressed the issue of Yugoslavia’s (and Serbia’s) ‘Europeanness’ and cultural identity in the context of the East–West symbolic and the state’s complex cultural-historical legacies. Such debates demonstrated how frustrating the goal of Westernization and Europeanization turned out to be for Serbian intellectuals. After exploring the conundrums and seemingly insoluble contradictions of interwar modernization/Europeanization discussions, the article then goes on to analyse the dramatic changes in such intellectual outlooks after 1941, asking how Europe and European cultural/political integration were imagined in occupied Serbia, and whether the realities of the occupation could accommodate these earlier debates. Serbia can provide an excellent case study for exploring how the brutal Nazi occupation policies affected collaborationist governments, and how the latter tried to make sense of their troubled inclusion in the racial ideology of the New European Order under the German leadership. Was Germany’s propaganda regarding European camaraderie taken seriously by any of the local actors? What did the Third Reich’s dubious internationalism mean in the east and south-east of Europe, and did it have anything to offer to the intelligentsia as well as the population at large?

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