Introduction: Science, fiction and the non-aligned world

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Upamanyu Pablo Mukherjee

The introduction surveys the central role accorded to certain ideas of techno-scientific development in Indian nationalist imagination. It then examines the recent trend of a ‘post-colonial turn’ in both science studies and science-fiction scholarship and argues that this misses the opportunity to examine both science and science fiction in relation to global capitalism, colonialism and international opposition to these. By looking at the case of Indian science fiction written during the first decades of Indian independence, when the country took a leading role in the non-aligned movement, it suggests that such inter-related literary and political forms tried to chart alternative routes to dominant practices of modernization in the 20th-century.

Author(s):  
Upamanyu Pablo Mukherjee

This is the first book-length study of the relationship between science fiction, the techno-scientific policies of independent India, and the global non-aligned movement that emerged as a response to Cold War and decolonization. Today, science-fiction writers are often used as government advisors on techno-scientific and defence policies. Such relationships between literature, policy and geo-politics have a long and complex history. Glimpses of this history can be seen in the case of the first generation of post-colonial Indian science fiction writers and their critical entanglements with both techno-scientific policies and the strategy of international non-alignment pursued by India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. This investigation reveals the surprisingly long and relatively unknown life of Indian science fiction, as well as the genre’s capacity to imagine alternative pathways to techno-scientific and geo-political developments that dominate our lives today.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Richard Howard

Irish science fiction is a relatively unexplored area for Irish Studies, a situation partially rectified by the publication of Jack Fennell's Irish Science Fiction in 2014. This article aims to continue the conversation begun by Fennell's intervention by analysing the work of Belfast science fiction author Ian McDonald, in particular King of Morning, Queen of Day (1991), the first novel in what McDonald calls his Irish trilogy. The article explores how McDonald's text interrogates the intersection between science, politics, and religion, as well as the cultural movement that was informing a growing sense of a continuous Irish national identity. It draws from the discipline of Science Studies, in particular the work of Nicholas Whyte, who writes of the ways in which science and colonialism interacted in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Ireland.


2020 ◽  
pp. 145-170
Author(s):  
Upamanyu Pablo Mukherjee

The concluding chapter looks at the legacy of ‘Nehruvian’ techno-science and non-alignment after the death of Nehru, as well as at the interrogation and mobilization of this legacy in Indian science fiction. It briefly discusses the writings of figures such as Adrish Bardhan, J.V. Narlikar and Vandana Singh to show that modern and contemporary Indian science fiction remain a productive site for critical assessment of assumptions about techno-science, ‘development’ and global culture.


2020 ◽  
pp. 105-144
Author(s):  
Upamanyu Pablo Mukherjee

The third chapter concentrates on how Indian science fiction met the representational challenges regarding energy during the non-aligned era. These decades were marked by chronic ‘energy crises’ in the country, involving massive shortages in food and fuel. Drawing on recent theoretical developments in Energy Humanities, the chapter suggests that much of the science fiction of the time was animated by attempts to present the pitfalls of thinking about energy exclusively in terms of resource and extraction and imagine what a non-exploitative energy-system could look like.


Dis-Orienting Planets: Racial Representations of Asia in Science Fiction continues where Black and Brown Planets: The Politics of Race in Science Fiction (2014) left off. This anthology features essays depicting Asia and Asians in science fiction literature, film, and fandom with particular attention paid to China, Japan, India, and Korea. The collection concentrates on political representations of Asian identity in science fiction’s imagination, from fear of the Yellow Peril and its host of stereotypes to techno-Orientalism and the remains of a post-colonial heritage. In fact, Dis-Orienting Planets engages the extremely negative and racist connotations of “orientalism” that obscure time, place, and identity perceptions of Asians, so-called yellow and brown peoples, in this historically white genre, provokes debate on the pervading imperialistic terminologies, and reconfigures the study of race in science fiction. In this respect, the title “disses” culturally inaccurate representations of the eastern hemisphere. In three parts, the seventeen collected essays consider the racial politics governing the renewed visibility of the Orient in science fiction. The first part emphasizes the interpretive challenges of science fictional meetings between the East and West by investigating entwined racial and political tensions. The second part concentrates on the tropes of Yellow Peril and techno-Orientalism, where fear of and desire for Orientalized futures generate racial anxiety and war. The third section explores technologized Asian subjectivities in the eco-critical spaces of mainland China, the Pacific Rim, the Korean peninsula, and the Indian subcontinent. Clearly, our future visions must absolutely include all people of color.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Omelsky

We live in a moment of “apocalyptic time,” the “time of the end of time.” Ours is a moment of global ecological crisis, of the ever-impending collapse of capital. That we live on the brink is too clear. What is not, however, is our ability to imagine the moment after this dual crisis. In recent years, African artists have begun to articulate this “moment after,” ushering in a new paradigm in African literature and film that speculates upon postcrisis African futures. Writers and filmmakers such as Nigeria’s Efe Okogu and Kenya’s Wanuri Kahiu have imagined future African topographies—spaces that have felt the fullest effects of climate change, nuclear radiation, and the imbalances of global capitalism. Biopolitics, sovereignty, and the human have all been reconfigured in these African science fictions. Okogu and Kahiu’s futurist aesthetics are specters that loom over our present, calling for a radically reimagined politics of the now.


Organization ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ceci Misoczky

The aim of this article paper is to offer a Latin-American perspective on the field of post-colonial studies. Following the modernity/coloniality/de-coloniality approach it is possible to recognize how the complicity between modernity and rationality has worked to homogenize knowledge throughout this part of the world. Such an approach makes it possible to reflect on how this process towards homogeneity has been resisted, as seen in the current indigenous struggles against extractive development policies. These struggles show that the various critiques of development need to be articulated and renewed in order to account for processes such as these, incorporating multiple scales perspectives and knowledge produced from the epistemic colonial difference. The critique of managerialism also needs further developments to account for the new roles of management in contexts of open conflict. It is defended that the re-consideration of Marxist Theory of Dependency could enrich the way we understand global capitalism and that at least part of OS could be liberated from the hegemony of management, opening possibilities for multiple interdisciplinary and intercultural dialogues.


PERADA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
SATRIO SATRIO

Makalah ini hendak mengupas peranan penting bahasa Arab dalam studi Islam. Hal ini berangkat dari kenyataan bahwa bahasa Arab memiliki fungsi sebagai bahasa agama, bahasa komunikasi, bahasa peradaban dan bahasa ilmu pengetahuan. Pengaruh Islam dan bahasa Arab juga begitu terasa di Nusantara, khususnya tanah Melayu dengan hadirnya aksara arab melayu. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan betapa pentingnya penguasaan bahasa Arab dalam studi Islam sebagai bagian dari pengembangan keilmuan. Kenyataannya saat ini, istilah bahasa Inggris lebih dominan dalam penggunaan istilah ilmiah dalam kajian studi Islam di Indonesia dibandingkan dengan bahasa Arab. Maka para pengajar dan pelajar studi Islam wajib menguasai istilah-istilah yang khusus dari bahasa Arab sebagai penguat sekaligus pembeda dari kajian-kajian ilmu umum. Adapun metode penguatan istilah-istilah ilmiah bahasa ini bisa menggunakan metode pembiasaan, yakni bentuk pengulangan yang dilakukan secara terprogram maupun spontan dalam penggunaan istilah-istilah ilmiah bahasa Arab. Di sini penulis menawarkan tiga metode pembiasaan, yakni metode pembiasaan dalam proses belajar, metode pebiasaan dalam penulisan naskah ilmiah dan atau buku ajar, serta metode pembiasaan dalam kegiatan-kegiatan ilmiah. Dengan pembiasaan, maka fungsi bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa ilmu pengetahuan akan mendapatkan posisi yang layak dalam studi Islam.   This paper aims to examine the important role of Arabic in Islamic studies. This departs from the fact that Arabic has a function as the language of religion, the language of communication, the language of civilization and the language of science. The influence of Islam and Arabic is also felt in the archipelago, especially Malay land with the presence of Malay Arabic characters. In this study it was found that the importance of mastering Arabic in Islamic studies as part of scientific development. In fact today, the term English is more dominant in the use of scientific terms in the study of Islamic studies in Indonesia compared to Arabic. So the instructors and students of Islamic studies must master the specific terms of Arabic as reinforcement as well as differentiators from general science studies. The method of strengthening scientific terms of this language can use habituation methods, namely the form of repetition carried out programmed and spontaneous in the use of scientific terms in Arabic. Here the author offers three methods of habituation, namely the method of habituation in the learning process, the habitual method of writing scientific texts and or textbooks, and methods of habituation in scientific activities. With habituation, the function of Arabic as a language of science will get a decent position in Islamic studies.


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