Orthodoxy

1999 ◽  
pp. 132-158
Author(s):  
Louis Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Orthodox

This chapter focuses on Orthodox Jews. These Jews at the end of the twentieth century are divided into a number of groupings, each following its own specific pattern of religious conduct. It describes the Sephardi Jews that are generally content to have their religious life modelled on the traditional behavioural norms of their ancestors without too much reflection on its theological underpinning. The Ashkenazi Jews have been compelled to become more theologically inclined due to the great impact made on European Jewry by the Emancipation and the Enlightenment. The chapter gives details on the Ashkenazim that are divided into the haredim or ultra-Orthodox and the Modern Orthodox.

Past

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kellerman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
First Century ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Lao Tzu ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
The Many

The chapter focuses on how leadership was taught in the distant and recent past. The first section is on five of the greatest leadership teachers ever—Lao-tzu, Confucius, Plato, Plutarch, and Machiavelli—who shared a deep belief in the idea that leadership could be taught and left legacies that included timeless and transcendent literary masterworks. The second section explores how leadership went from being conceived of as a practice reserved only for a select few to one that could be exercised by the many. The ideas of the Enlightenment changed our conception of leadership. Since then, the leadership literature has urged people without power and authority, that is, followers, to understand that they too could be agents of change. The third section turns to leadership and management in business. It was precisely the twentieth-century failure of business schools to make management a profession that gave rise to the twenty-first-century leadership industry.

scholarly journals The Decline of Religious Life in the Twentieth Century

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Anton Lingier ◽  
Wim Vandewiele
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Potential Reason ◽  
First Category ◽  
Cyclical Pattern

The decline in numbers of religious in the West is discussed in numerous studies. While there is a consensus about the statistical reality of decreasing numbers, scholars disagree about the alleged reasons for this decline. This article maps the field and presents a survey of four categories of answers to the question of why religious life declined during the twentieth century. A distinction is made between theories that ascribe the decline to (1) historical, (2) societal, (3) ecclesial, and (4) theological reasons. The first category views the decline as part of a historical-cyclical pattern of growth and decline. The second encompasses explanations that focus on secularization, professionalization, or new societal opportunities for women. Thirdly, post-conciliar church-organizational reasons will be discussed. Finally, pre-conciliar theology is investigated as a potential reason for the decline. While none of the reasons discussed here can be excluded from at least contributing to the decline, we demonstrate that some authors are mistaken in their conclusions due to misinterpreting data in a way that obscures the possibility of an emerging decline before the statistics peak in 1965 (which marks the end of the Council). We also demonstrate how theology has been an underestimated but significant influence on the statistics of religious life.

scholarly journals ФОРМУВАННЯ СТИЛІСТИКИ АРТИСТИЗМУ У САМОДІЯЛЬНОМУ ОРКЕСТРОВОМУ ВИКОНАВСТВІ УКРАЇНИ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4(44)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Ірина Смірнова
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Further Development

In the article by I. Smirnova, the problem of the formation of the style of artistry in the amateur orchestral performance of Ukraine and the functioning of orchestral collectives in the conditions of the formation of artistic amateur activities and in the educational work in Ukraine of the 20th and 3rd years of the 20th century is considered. The urgency of the work is due to the fact that the specificity of the formation of amateur orchestral performance in the Ukrainian musical culture of this period is not sufficiently studied, although it played a prominent role in the further development of domestic amateur collective music. The object of attention was the enlightenment movement in Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century - one of the brightest phenomena of cultural life of that period.

Cosmopolitans and Parochials: Modern Orthodox Jews in America

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Barbara Strassberg ◽  
Samuel C. Heilman ◽  
Steven M. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Modern Orthodox

1. After the expulsion

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Ilan Stavans
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natalia Ginzburg ◽  
Area Of Study

“After the expulsion” looks at the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, along with the rise of the Enlightenment, as decisive moments in which Jews entered modernity. The literature of Crypto-Jews in the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas is worth looking at in this area of study, especially the memoir of Luis de Carvajal the Younger as are the literary manifestations of Sephardic writers such as Bulgarian writer Elias Canetti, Italian writer Natalia Ginzburg, Israeli writer A. B. Yehoshua, and Mexican writer Angelina Muniz-Huberman. There are similarities and differences in the relationship between the Ashkenazi and Sephardic branches in modern Jewish literature. Ladino is a language that evolved after the 1492 expulsion but lost steam in the twentieth century.

The history and scope of neuropsychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Michael Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
The Brain

This chapter discusses the clinical necessity from which the intersection of neurology and psychiatry arose, exploring different eras and their associated intellectual milestones in order to understand the historical framework of contemporary neuropsychiatry. Identifying Hippocrates’ original acknowledgement of the relation of the human brain to epilepsy as a start point, the historical development of the field is traced. This encompasses Thomas Willis and his nascent descriptions of the limbic system, the philosophical and alchemical strides of the Enlightenment, and the motivations behind the Romantic era attempts to understand the brain. It then follows the growth of the field through the turn of the twentieth century, in spite of the prominence of psychoanalysis and the idea of the brainless mind, and finally the understanding of the ‘integrated action’ of the body and nervous system, which led to the integration of psychiatry and neurology, allowing for the first neuropsychiatric examinations of epilepsy.

Explaining the Inexplicable

2008 ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
David Berger
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Formal Relations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modern Orthodox ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter provides some tentative explanations for Chabad messianism. One of these explanations is the ideal of unity and the avoidance of communal strife. Every practising Jew has heard countless sermons about the imperative to love one's neighbour, particularly one's Jewish neighbour. While rhetoric about this value cuts across all Orthodox—and Jewish—lines, it is especially compelling for Modern Orthodox Jews who maintain cordial, even formal relations with other denominations and pride themselves on embracing an ideal of tolerance. No Orthodox Jew believes that everyone committed to the Jewish community has the right to serve as an Orthodox rabbi because of the value of unity. The appeal to this principle is relevant only after one has concluded that Lubavitch messianism is essentially within the boundaries of Orthodoxy. Since this is precisely what is at issue, the argument begs the question. The chapter then considers the explanations concerning orthopraxy, the balkanization of Orthodoxy, and Orthodox interdependence.

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