Introduction: This lime-tree bower my prison

Mexico is an important producer of organic coffee worldwide. A sector of coffee growers in the municipality of Ixhuatlán del Café, Veracruz, Mexico, use organic amendments as edaphic improvers. Hypothetically, the contributions of these organic fertilizers cause edaphic changes that improve coffee production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine changes in soil chemical fertility caused by incorporating fertilizer mixtures made from organic sources, as well as their contribution to improving yield. To verify this hypothesis, four organic fertilizers formulated from dolomite lime, coffee pulp (PC), biol (fermented liquid fertilizer) and a soil improver called PSD® were added to a Cromic Luvisol (cutanic) soil. After three, six and nine months, the contribution of the treatments to the soil variables organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and interchangeable bases (K, Ca, Mg, Na) were determined. In parallel, yield was evaluated. The results indicate that six months after application of the treatments, the greatest depletion of the organic sources added occurs, coinciding with a greater release of the nutrients. The dose of 300 g of dolomite lime tree-1 supplied (Treatment 1) was insuff icient to neutralize the strong initial soil acidity (pH 4.3). The coffee pulp and biol utilized are organic fertilizers that, because of their C: N ratio of less than 16, are of rapid mineralization and slightly increased levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and interchangeable bases, reaching only low or moderately low levels. The dolomite lime and PCD® of Treatment 4 improved the pH, Ca and Mg, although these changes are not reflected in increased coffee yield.

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Coast Cotton Tree, Yellow Mallow Tree, Corkwood, Lime Tree-leaved Hibiscus, Mahoe, Sea Hibiscus

Major Flowering Trees of Tropical Gardens ◽

10.1017/9781108680646.019 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 43-45

Keyword(s):

Lime Tree

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Dynamic Testing of Lime-Tree (Tilia Europoea) and Pine (Pinaceae) for Wood Model Identification

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13225261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5261

Author(s):

Anatoly Bragov ◽

Leonid Igumnov ◽

Francesco dell’Isola ◽

Alexander Konstantinov ◽

Andrey Lomunov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Testing ◽

Model Identification ◽

Uniaxial Stress ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Kolsky Method ◽

Gas Gun ◽

Lime Tree ◽

First Case ◽

Wood Model

The paper presents the results of dynamic testing of two wood species: lime-tree (Tilia europoea) and pine (Pinaceae). The dynamic compressive tests were carried out using the traditional Kolsky method in compression tests. The Kolsky method was modified for testing the specimen in a rigid limiting holder. In the first case, stress–strain diagrams for uniaxial stress state were obtained, while in the second, for uniaxial deformation. To create the load a gas gun was used. According to the results of the experiments, dynamic stress–strain diagrams were obtained. The limiting strength and deformation characteristics were determined. The fracture energy of lime and pine depending on the type of test was also obtained. The strain rates and stress growth rates were determined. The influence of the cutting angle of the specimens relative to the grain was noted. Based on the results obtained, the necessary parameters of the wood model were determined and their adequacy was assessed by using a special verification experiment.

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Dendroecological assessment of climate resilience of the rare and scattered forest tree species Tilia cordata Mill. in northwestern Europe

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpaa011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 675-684

Author(s):

Nicolas Latte ◽

Philippe Taverniers ◽

Tanguy de Jaegere ◽

Hugues Claessens

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climatic Change ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Species ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

The Past ◽

Lime Tree ◽

Over Time ◽

Forest Managers

Abstract To increase forest resilience to global change, forest managers are often directing forest stands towards a broader diversity of tree species. The small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.), a rare and scattered species in northwestern Europe, is a promising candidate for this purpose. Its life traits suggest a high resilience to climate change and a favourable impact on forest ecosystem services. This study used a dendroecological approach to assess how lime tree radial growth had responded to the past climatic change. First, 120 lime trees from nine sites were selected in southern Belgium based on criteria adapted to the rareness of the species. Chronology quality was assessed and resulting tree-ring series were validated at site and region levels. Second, a range of dendrochronological methods was used to analyze the changes over time in the variability and long-term trends of lime tree growth and their relation to climate during the period 1955–2016. Last, behaviour of lime trees was compared with that of beech from the same region and time period. For this purpose, the same methodology was applied to an additional beech tree-ring dataset (149 trees from 13 sites). Beech is the climax tree species of the region, but is known to be drought-sensitive and has shown weaknesses in the current climate. The quality of our tree-ring series attests that dendroecological investigation using rare and scattered species is possible, opening the way to further analysis on other such lesser-known forest tree species. The analysis showed that the small-leaved lime had been resilient to the past climatic change in multiple ways. Lime growth increased during the preceding decades despite an increased frequency and intensity of stressful climatic events. Lime growth quickly recovered in the years following the stresses. The growth–climate relationships were either stable over time or had a positive evolution. The behaviour of lime contrasted strongly with that of beech. Lime performed better than beech in every analysis. Small-leaved lime is thus a serious candidate for addressing climate change challenges in the region. It should be considered by forest managers planning to improve the sustainability and resilience of their forests, in particular in vulnerable beech stands.

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Upper Holocene development of vegetation and radiocarbon dating in the vicinity of the Cerhovka Brook (Bohemian-Moravian Uplands, Czech Republic)

Geochronometria ◽

10.2478/s13386-012-0016-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 252-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eva Břízová ◽

Anna Pazdur ◽

Natalia Piotrowska

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Pollen Analysis ◽

Radiocarbon Dating ◽

Deciduous Forests ◽

Peat Bog ◽

The Holocene ◽

Lime Tree ◽

Stratigraphic Position ◽

Palynological Study ◽

Pollen Analyses

Abstract The paper reports the results of a palynological study of a newly exposed section in the peat sediments of Bezděkov site and its correlation with the previous palaeobotanical studies. The main goal was to elucidate the stratigraphic position and paleogeographic development of fossil peat bog and its environment in the Protected Landscape Area Žďárské vrchy and Železné hory in the Bohemian-Moravian Uplands. The development of peatbog vegetation, as shown by the pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, took place in the Holocene. Pollen analyses provide evidence for occurrences of wetland assemblages with huge representation of alder wood in all the part of succession, followed by willow near the Cerhovka Brook. Alnus and Abies were the dominant trees during all the time. The deciduous forests consist of elm (Ulmus), oak (Quercus), lime tree (Tilia), maple (Acer) and hazel (Corylus). The mosaic picture of woodland and wetland, which covered this landscape during the Upper Holocene, contrasts with the present day monotonous open lowland. Sediments of the peat bog provide information on the origin and vegetation evolution of this area.

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