scholarly journals Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of Zea Mays and Eryngium Caucasicum Extracts, In Vitro and In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ahmadpour ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Sara Edalatian ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Eryngium Caucasicum

scholarly journals Development of a New Maize (Zea mays L.) Breeding Program

2002 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Pál Pepó ◽  
Szilárd Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Breeding Programs

Genetic manipulation may not replace any conventional method in crop breeding programs, but it can be an important adjunct to them. Plant regeneration via tissue culture is becoming increasingly more common in monocots such as corn (Zea mays L.). In vitro culturability and regeneration ability of corn decreased as homozigosity increased, which suggested that these two attributes were controlled primarily by dominant gene action. Pollen (gametophytic) selection for resistance to aflatoxin in corn can greatly facilitate recurrent selection and screening of germplasm for resistance at a much less cost and shorter time than field testing. Integration of in vivo and in vitro techniques in maize breeding program has been developed to obtain desirable agronomic attributes, speed up the breeding process and enhance the genes responsible for them. The efficiency of anther and tissue cultures in most cereals such as maize and wheat have reached the stage where it can be used in breeding programs to some extent and many new cultivars produced by genetic manipulation have now reached the market.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antihypertensive effect and antioxidant activity of blue corn hydrolysates derived from wet-milling//Evaluación del efecto antihipertensivo in vitro e in vivo y actividad antioxidante del hidrolizado de maíz azul derivado de la molienda húmeda

Biotecnia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Montoya-Rodríguez ◽  
Evelyn Isabel Osuna-Gallardo ◽  
Francisco Cabrera-Chávez ◽  
Jorge Milán-Carrillo ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Food Ingredient

Hypertension is considered a risk factor for coronary heart disease, and its prevalence has increased substantially. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-I) is key to lower blood pressure, making it an excellent treatment for hypertension. Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important source of bioactive peptides with potential anti-hypertensive activity related to ACE-I inhibition. These peptides can be obtained through the hydrolysis of corn gluten meal (CGM), as wetmilling by-products. The aim was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo ACE-I inhibitory activity of blue CGM hydrolysates. Enzymatic digestion in vitro of blue CGM was conducted at different times. Hydrolysis for 360 min significantly increased both soluble protein and antioxidant activity by 4 and 8-fold respectively, the maximum ACE-I inhibition (94.3 %) was observed with 260 min hydrolysate. Mice were treated with the blue CGM hydrolysate (260 min), captopril or PBS to test the bioavailability in vivo. The CGM hydrolysate was detected in serum after 5 and up to 30 min after ingestion, showing the maximum ACE-I inhibitory capacity (59 %) during the first 15 min. Overall, this work showed that the blue CGM hydrolysate could serve as a functional food ingredient with antihypertensive effect due to its blood pressure-lowering peptides.RESUMENLa hipertensión es factor de riesgo en enfermedades coronarias, y su prevalencia ha aumentado sustancialmente. La inhibición de enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) es clave para disminuir presión arterial, y excelente tratamiento para hipertensión. El maíz (Zea mays L.) es fuente de péptidos bioactivos con actividad antihipertensiva por inhibición de ECA. Péptidos pueden obtenerse por hidrólisis de harina de gluten de maíz (HGM), como subproducto de molienda húmeda. El objetivo fue evaluar in vitro e in vivo actividad inhibitoria de ECA en hidrolizados de HGM azul. La digestión enzimática in vitro de HGM fue conducida a diferentes tiempos. La hidrólisis por 360 min aumento significativamente proteína soluble y actividad antioxidante de 4 y 8 veces, respectivamente; la máxima inhibición de ECA (94.3 %) fue observada a 260 minutos del hidrolizado. Ratones fueron tratados con HGM hidrolizado (260 minutos), captopril o PBS para evaluar biodisponibilidad in vivo. Después de la ingestión, HGM hidrolizado fue detectado en suero en 5 hasta 30 minutos, mostrando máxima inhibición de ECA (59 %) durante los primeros 15 minutos. En general, este trabajo mostró que hidrolizado de HGM podría servir como ingrediente funcional en alimentos con efecto antihipertensivo debido a péptidos reductores de presión arterial.

scholarly journals Identification of essential amino acid residues in a sterol 8,7-isomerase from Zea mays reveals functional homology and diversity with the isomerases of animal and fungal origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 414 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Rahier ◽  
Sylvain Pierre ◽  
Geneviève Riveill ◽  
Francis Karst
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Functional Homology ◽  
Ergosterol Synthesis

A putative 8,7SI (sterol 8,7-isomerase) from Zea mays, termed Zm8,7SI, has been isolated from an EST (expressed sequence tag) library and subcloned into the yeast erg2 mutant lacking 8,7SI activity. Zm8,7SI restored endogenous ergosterol synthesis. An in vitro enzymatic assay in the corresponding yeast microsomal extract indicated that the preferred Δ8-sterol substrate possesses a single C4α methyl group, in contrast with 8,7SIs from animals and fungi, thus reflecting the diversity in the structure of their active site in relation to the distinct sterol biosynthetic pathways. In accordance with the proposed catalytic mechanism, a series of lipophilic ammonium-ion-containing derivatives possessing a variety of structures and biological properties, potently inhibited the Zm8,7SI in vitro. To evaluate the importance of a series of conserved acidic and tryptophan residues which could be involved in the Zm8,7SI catalytic mechanism, 20 mutants of Zm8,7SI were constructed as well as a number of corresponding mutants of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8,7SI. The mutated isomerases were assayed in vivo by sterol analysis and quantification of Δ5,7-sterols and directly in vitro by examination of the activities of the recombinant Zm8,7SI mutants. These studies have identified His74, Glu78, Asp107, Glu121, Trp66 and Trp193 that are required for Zm8,7SI activity and show that binding of the enzyme–substrate complex is impaired in the mutant T124I. They underline the functional homology between the plant and animal 8,7SIs on one hand, in contrast with the yeast 8,7SI on the other hand, in accordance with their molecular diversity and distinct mechanisms.

scholarly journals Polyprenyl phosphate sugars synthesized during slime-polysaccharide production by membranes of the root-cap cells of maize (Zea mays)

1979 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Green ◽  
D H Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Glucose Derivatives

Two types of experiments were carried out; either maize roots were incubated in L-[1-3H]fucose or membranes were prepared from root tips and these were incubated with GDP-L-[U-14C]fucose or UDP-D-[U-4C]glucose. The radioactively labelled lipids that were synthesized in vivo and in vitro were extracted and separated into polar and neutral components. The polar lipids had the characteristics of polyprenyl phosphate and diphosphate fucose or glucose derivatives, and the neutral lipids of sterol glycosides (fucose or glucose). A partial separation of the glycolipid synthetase reactions was achieved. Membranes were fractionated into material that sedimented at 20,000g and 100,000g. Most of the polar glycolipid synthetase activity (for the incorporation of both fucose and glucose) was located in the 100,000 g pellet, and this activity was probably located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The neutral lipid, which contained fucose, was synthesized mainly by membranes of the 20,000g pellet, and the activity was probably associated with the dictyosomes, whereas the neutral glucolipids were synthesized by all the membrane fractions. It is suggested that the polar (polyprenyl) lipids labelled with fucose could act as possible intermediates during the synthesis of the glycoproteins and slime in the root tip.

Safeners as Corn Seedling Protectants against Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 945-949
Author(s):  
Henri Milhomme ◽  
Christophe Roux ◽  
Jean Bastide
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Corn Seedling

Zea mays L., cv. Potro, shoots had a higher level of resistance to imazaquin (IQ) and metsulfuron methyl (M SM ) than roots. Shoot lengths were increased by pretreating the seeds with commercial 1,8 -naphthalic anhydride (N A ) at 1% (w/w) or oxabetrinil at 0.2% (w/w). The growth of shoots of safened seeds was unaffected by 400 nM IQ and by 40 nM MSM. The in vivo activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS) extracted from corn shoots and roots was not affected by treatments with IQ or MSM, but pretreatment of seeds with NA or oxabetrinil, prior to germination, caused an increase in the level of extractable ALS from shoots. ALS activity from roots and shoots of NA-pretreated seedlings was increased to a large degree (> 40% ) when the seedlings were germinated on 40 nM MSM, whereas ALS activities from oxabetrinil-pretreated seedlings were enhanced to a lesser degree (≈20%). ALS from unsafened seedlings was inhibited 21% by 400 nM IQ and 70% by 40 nM MSM in vitro, but ALS from roots of seedlings germinated on 400 nM IQ was not inhibited by 400 nM IQ in vitro.

Nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes of Diplodia maydis, a Zea mays L. stalk rot causing fungus

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
James B. Bussard ◽  
Russell L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Relationship Of

The nitrogen source available to Diplodia maydis in vivo is reported to affect the severity of stalk rot in maize. Nitrate and (or) ammonium salts were tested for their effect on the type of nitrogen metabolism found in Diplodia maydis in vitro. The level of glutamate dehydrogenase remained essentially constant on either nitrogen salt but nitrate reductase was induced by growth on nitrate salts and was not extractable on ammonium salts. Properties of nitrate reductase reported here are similar to those reported for the higher plant and Neurospora crassa enzymes. The relationship of nitrogen metabolism in Diplodia maydis to Zea mays L. stalk rot is discussed.

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