PLANT STEROLS LOWER CHOLESTEROL, BUT INCREASE RISK FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Phytosterols are plant sterols, mainly campesterol and sitosterol, and their respective stanols (5α-saturated derivatives), which chemically resemble cholesterol. They are present in a normal diet and are absorbed proportionally to cholesterol, but to a much lesser extent, such that less than 0.1% of serum sterols are plant sterols. Phytosterols inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption, and fat-soluble plant stanol esters were introduced as a functional food for lowering serum cholesterol in the early 1990s; plant sterol esters entered the market at the end of the 1990s. Inhibition of the intestinal absorption of cholesterol stimulates cholesterol synthesis, a factor which limits serum cholesterol lowering to about 10% with phytosterols. Enrichment of the diet with plant stanol esters reduces absorption and serum concentrations of both cholesterol and plant sterols, whereas enrichment of the diet with plant sterol esters, especially in combination with statins, lowers serum cholesterol but increases serum plant sterol levels. Recent studies have suggested that high-serum plant sterol levels may be associated with increased coincidence of coronary heart disease. Estimates of coronary heart disease reduction by 20-25% with plant sterols/stanols is based mainly on short-term studies. Long-term cholesterol lowering, needed for the prevention of coronary heart disease, may be successful with plant stanol esters, which lower serum cholesterol in both genders over at least a year.

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Review: anger and hostility increase risk of coronary heart disease events in healthy people and those with existing CHD

Evidence-Based Nursing ◽

10.1136/ebn.12.4.121 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 121-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Ford

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Healthy People ◽

Increase Risk

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Long working hours may increase risk of coronary heart disease

American Journal of Industrial Medicine ◽

10.1002/ajim.22367 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 1227-1234 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mo-Yeol Kang ◽

Soo-Hun Cho ◽

Min-Sang Yoo ◽

Taeshik Kim ◽

Yun-Chul Hong

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Working Hours ◽

Long Working Hours ◽

Increase Risk

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Plasma Concentrations of Plant Sterols: Physiology and Relationship with Coronary Heart Disease

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00224.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 64 (9) ◽

pp. 385-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Yen-Ming Chan ◽

Krista A. Varady ◽

Yuguang Lin ◽

Elke Trautwein ◽

Ronald P. Mensink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Plant Sterols

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L162v Polymorphism of Par-Α Gene, A603g Polymorphism of Tissue Factor Gene and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Russian Population

Journal of Bioinformatics and Diabetes ◽

10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-19-2788 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

E.G. Sergeeva ◽

O.A. Berkovich ◽

Z.I. Ionova ◽

M.I. Zaraisky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Tissue Factor ◽

Restriction Analysis ◽

Russian Population ◽

Control Group ◽

Factor Gene ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Increase Risk

Purpose The goal of this study is to determine the association of L162V polymorphism of PPAR-alpha gene, A603G polymorphism of tissue factor gene and the risk of coronary heart disease development in Russian population. Materials and Methods A clinical and genetic study of 414 patients with CHD and 220 people of comparable age without CHD which amounted to a control group was performed. L162L and L162V genotypes of L162V polymorphism of PPAR-α gene, A603A, A603G and G603G genotypes of A603G polymorphism of tissue factor gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction analysis. Results A carriage of L162V genotype and V allele of PPAR-α gene was associated with an increase risk of CHD in 2,13 times (L162V genotype) and in 2,21 times (V allele), with an increase in risk of CHD before the age of 45 years in 4,68 times (L162V genotype) and in 3,88 times (V allele). Significantly higher in patients with CHD compared with the general population and in patients with a carriage of G603G genotype and G allele of tissue factor gene was associated with the increase of CHD risk in 2,68 times (G603G genotype) and in 4,37 times (G allele), occurred more frequently in patients with debut of disease at age of 45 years and younger. The level of tissue factor was significantly higher in patients with CHD – carriers G603G genotype compared with carriers A603A genotype (217,9±15,2 pg/ml and 152,6±30,4 pg/ml, respectively, p=0,04). A carriage of the combination of L162V and G603G genotypes was associated with an increased risk of CHD in 3,04 times. Conclusion A carriage of V allele of L162V polymorphism of PPAR-α gene and G allele of A603G polymorphism of tissue factor gene, as well as their pair combination are associated with an increased CHD risk, especially at age 45 years or less.

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