scholarly journals USE OF QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERSONAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-486
Author(s):  
Kamilė TAUJANSKAITĖ ◽  
Eugenijus MILČIUS ◽  
Nomeda DOBROVOLSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Tools And Methods

Various non-economic factors, like social, cultural, psychologic and others strongly affect the decision-making related to the management of personal consumption expenditure (PCE) in households and often compromise its efficiency. PCE management tools and methods currently used by households are not helpful either as rational distribution of funds among the purchases is usually out of their scope. Therefore, rational use of resources still remains a challenging task for many households. The goal of this study is to analyse the PCE management process in households and the obstacles preventing its efficiency. Methods used in the article comprise: comparative and critical analysis methods; vector analysis tools. The paper identifies shortcomings of currently used PCE management methods and tools and introduces a system of quantitative criteria enabling objective evaluation of consumption alternatives. The use of quantitative criteria limits the influence of subjective, non-economic factors on consumption-related resource management in households and can positively affect its efficiency. The criteria are justified theoretically and the benefits from their use demonstrated with some practical evidence.

Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Solomon Jeremiah Sembosi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Core Elements Affecting Sharing: Evidence from the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3943
Author(s):  
Aurelija Burinskienė ◽  
Edita Leonavičienė ◽  
Virginija Grybaitė ◽  
Olga Lingaitienė ◽  
Juozas Merkevičius
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Number Of Visits

The new phenomenon called sharing or collaborative consumption emerged a decade ago and is continuously growing. It creates new possibilities for society, and especially for business, is beneficial for the environment, makes more efficient use of resources, and presents a new competitive business model. The scientific literature lacks a more in-depth analysis of the factors influencing sharing activity growth; therefore, the paper’s authors attempt to fill this gap. The authors aim to identify the factors affecting the use of sharing platforms. To reach the goal, the authors developed a regression model and constructed a list of 71 variables. The study used monthly United States data from January 2017 to June 2020 from the publicly available Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)and Google trends databases. The comparison to other indexes proves that the proposed index, representing the number of visits to sharing platforms (SEP), is a unique one. The first index allowed us to revise the sharing activity monthly. The authors identified that variables such as wage level, social network users, import level, and personal consumption are critical in affecting the number of visits to sharing platforms. The presented framework could be helpful for practitioners and policymakers analysing the stimulation of sharing or collaborative consumption. It includes indicators representing different areas, such as society, technology, and country, and allows for monthly investigations. Such activity was evident for a long time when online platforms contributed to its wider accessibility. The results help to forecast the number of visits monthly. Sharing is still an emerging area for research; thus, the authors tried to explore the phenomenon of sharing to expand the conceptual level of knowledge.

The method, rights and resources model for evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan K. Machaka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Local Agenda 21 ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
System Effectiveness

Background: The need to measure the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment (EIA) systems has been fuelled by the debate over the relevance of EIA systems as environmental management tools. Researchers have developed different models for evaluating the effectiveness of EIA systems. However, the models face the challenges related to objectivity and the quantification of environmental impacts which have restricted the measurement of the effectiveness to procedural evaluation.Objectives: The purpose of this article is to propose and discuss an alternative conceptual and practical model to evaluating the effectiveness of EIA systems.Method: This article reviewed the objectives of EIA systems as enshrined in the Rio Declaration and the Local Agenda 21 to derive the theoretical framework. The concepts of compliance, participation and capacity were identified as important elements of a framework for evaluating both procedural and substantive EIA system effectiveness.Results: Through literature review, the article identified and critiqued models for evaluating EIA systems in terms of objectivity and substantiveness.The method, rights and resources (MRR) model focussed on substantive and procedural effectiveness, objectivity of EIA system effectiveness evaluation and provided a theoretical framework. The MRR model was conceptualised as an indicator-based model.Conclusion: The MRR model introduces a divergence from previous models in that objective evaluation of the effectiveness of EIA systems is built into the EIA system rather than applied externally on the EIA system.

scholarly journals Audit in psychiatry

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Garden ◽  
Femi Oyebode ◽  
Stuart Cumella
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Medical Audit ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
The Government

Medical audit has been defined as the systematic, critical analysis of the quality of medical care, including the procedures used for diagnosis and treatment, the use of resources and the resulting outcome and quality of life for the patient (DOH, 1989). The White Paper Working for Patients states that the Government proposes that every consultant should participate in a form of medical audit agreed between management and the profession locally. It also states that management should be able to initiate an independent professional audit.

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